39 results on '"EREN, HÜSEYİN"'
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2. A New Sight of Ozone Usage in Textile: Improving Flame Retardant Properties.
- Author
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Eren, Semiha, Yiğit, İdil, Kutlay, Kadriye, Kaya, Zehra, Basrık, Cansu, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
FIREPROOFING agents ,FIRE resistant polymers ,FIREPROOFING ,OZONE ,FIRE testing ,NATURAL dyes & dyeing ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
Ozone, widely recognized as an environmentally friendly gas, is extensively used in various textile industry applications. These include pre-treatment processes like bleaching and desizing, as well as creating pattern and vintage effects, wastewater clarification, and surface modification. This study focuses on ozone as a novel solution to a specific challenge: addressing the reduction in flame retardancy properties experienced by flame-retardant (FR) polyester fabrics during post-treatment processes in the production line. Experimentation involved subjecting the fabrics to ozonation and exploring different combinations of ozone flow rates and treatment durations. Mechanical and functional properties of the fabrics were examined, with flammability tested according to International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards. Notably, treatment with a 5 L/min ozone flow rate, a 7.01 g/h ozone concentration ratio, and a duration of 10 min showed significant improvements in IMO values, ensuring compliance with required standards. Furthermore, treated samples underwent comprehensive tests for fastness and strength, yielding results within acceptable ranges. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were conducted to evaluate the impact of ozonation. FT-IR results indicated that the presence of C-H groups associated with dyestuff contributed to decreased flame retardancy in the original fabric post-dyeing. However, these groups were effectively eliminated through ozonation, thereby enhancing the fabric's flame retardancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. COLOR REMOVAL OF DISPERSE DYEING WASTE WATER BY OZONE IN AN EXAMPLE DYEHOUSE.
- Author
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EREN, Semiha, EREN, Hüseyin Aksel, ÖZYURT, İrem, and BAYAÇLI, Gizem
- Subjects
COLOR removal (Sewage purification) ,SEWAGE ,DISPERSE dyes ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,NATURAL dyes & dyeing ,OZONE ,DYES & dyeing ,SOUND waves - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Textiles & Engineers / Tekstil ve Mühendis is the property of Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers & Architects, Chamber of Textile Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ultrasound-assisted ozone bleaching of cotton
- Author
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Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Avinc, Ozan, Erişmiş, Burcu, and Eren, Semiha
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Comparison of the colour fading effects of sodium hypochlorite and ozone treatments.
- Author
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Yiğit, İdil, Eren, Semiha, Karalı, Recep, Yıbar, M. Fahri, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
NATURAL dyes & dyeing ,SODIUM hypochlorite ,OZONE ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,WATER conservation ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,COLOR ,OPTICALLY stimulated luminescence - Abstract
Colour fading is a method that is used to achieve a vintage look in textile goods. It is desired by customers in the textile market. Additionally, customers demand that these types of products are produced by environmentally friendly methods. In this study, sodium hypochlorite and ozone were used as laboratory‐scale colour fading reagents on dyed cotton fabrics. Cotton fabrics were dyed with four different primary colours: red, yellow, blue and black. Dyed fabrics were subjected to ozone and sodium hypochlorite treatment under different treatment conditions. Ozone was chosen as an alternative for comparison and it was applied at fixed flow rate (5 L/min) and time (10 minutes). Colour differences, chemical oxygen demand, bursting strength and energy, water and chemical consumptions were measured. The surface morphology was characterised by scanning electron microscopy. We can conclude that ozonation is effective in discharging colour from dyed fabric samples, and the colour‐fading effect is uniform, like in sodium hypochlorite treatment. It was observed that both processes are similar in terms of strength and surface modification. Results showed a 90% cost reduction, 85% water conservation and a 26% chemical oxygen demand reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Effects Of Plasma and Ozone Treatments on Tensile and Whiteness Properties Of 100% Silk
- Author
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BALCI, Nurşah, ÖMEROĞULLARI, Zeynep, KUT, Dilek, and EREN, Hüseyin
- Subjects
fungi ,Low-frequency plasma ,ozone ,silk ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Düşük frekanslı plazma ,ozon ,ipek - Abstract
In this study raw and degummed silk fabrics are treated with low frequency oxygen plasma and ozone in order to investigate the effects on the physical properties of silk. Plasma and ozone treatments are performed individually and in combined order for 5, 10 and 15 min. The yellowness and whiteness values are determined after the plasma and ozone treatments. The tensile strengths of treated and untreated silk fabrics are measured. The SEM images of the surfaces of silk fabrics are investigated and the combined effect of ozone and plasma treatments are discussed after each test. Results indicate that there is more significant decrease in ozone treatment, considering decrease in whiteness indexes and increase in yellowness values of silk fabrics when compared to the plasma treatment. Generally, when the treatment time of plasma or ozone is increased, increase of yellowness and decrease of whiteness become clear., Bu çalışmada, plazma ve ozonun ipek kumaşın fiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla ham ve serisini giderilmiş ipek kumaşlar ozon ve düşük frekanslı oksijen plazma işlemlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Plazma ve ozon işlemleri birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak ve kombine olacak şekilde 5, 10 ve 15 dak. uygulanmıştır. Plazma ve ozon işlemlerinden sonra, sarılık ve beyazlık indeksleri belirlenmiş, kopma mukavemetleri ölçülmüştür. İpek kumaşların yüzeylerinin SEM görüntüleri incelenmiş ve her test ardından ozon ve plazmanın kombine efekti tartışılmıştır. Ozon ve plazma işlemleri karşılaştırıldığında, sonuçlar ipek kumaşların beyazlık indekslerinde azalışın, sarılık değerlerindeki artışın ozonlama işleminde daha belirgin olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Genel olarak, plazma veya ozonun işlem süreleri arttıkça sarılıktaki artış ve beyazlıktaki azalış daha net bir şekilde görülmektedir.
- Published
- 2015
7. Colour stripping of reactive-dyed cotton by ozone treatment.
- Author
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Eren, Semiha, Gümüs, Buse, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
DYES & dyeing ,COTTON textiles ,OZONE ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,STRIPPERS (Chemical technology) - Abstract
Trials have been carried out to investigate the efficiency of ozone treatment in the colour stripping of reactive-dyed cotton fabrics. The trials were performed on a specially designed apparatus to inject ozone gas into the liquor passing through a perforated beam with fabric rolls on it, just like a beam dyeing machine with ozone venturi injection. Conventional reductive colour stripping was applied as the control treatment, and ozone treatment was applied for three different application times (15, 30, and 45 min). Trials were performed with seven selected reactive dyes having various chromophores and reactive groups. The results indicate that 45 min ozone treatment yielded the best colour stripping results among the three application times. Furthermore, the colour stripping percentages of the 45 min ozone treatment were higher for four of the tested dyes, the same for one of the tested dyes, and lower for two of the tested dyes compared with the control treatment, which consisted of conventional reductive colour stripping. Colour stripping of 90% and above was achieved for all samples of the 45 min ozone treatment. The chemical oxygen demand values of the colour stripping baths were compared: the average value of the 45 min ozone application baths was 105 mg l
−1 , and it was 1993 mg l−1 for the conventional reductive treatment baths. Consequently, a reduction in chemical oxygen demand of almost 94% was achieved by ozone treatment compared with conventional reductive treatment. The strength values of the fabrics after the respective treatments were similar, with a difference of only 3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Nettle biofibre bleaching with ozonation.
- Author
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KURBAN, MUTLU, AVINC, OZAN, YAVAS, ARZU, and EREN, HÜSEYIN AKSEL
- Subjects
NATURAL fibers ,EUROPEAN hackberry ,CROPS ,BIODEGRADABLE products ,BLEACHING (Chemistry) ,OZONIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
9. COLOR REMOVAL OF DISPERSE BLUE DYES BY OZONATION.
- Author
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EREN, Hüseyin Aksel, YILDIZ, Dilek, DEMİR, Cevdet, and ŞAHİN, Saliha
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
10. Ozone applications for after-clearing of disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibres.
- Author
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Avinc, Ozan, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uysal, Pınar
- Subjects
OZONE ,POLYLACTIC acid ,DYES & dyeing ,CHEMICAL oxygen demand ,COLOR - Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of the ozonation process, in neutral distilled water at room temperature, as a clearing process for disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibre fabrics is investigated. The efficiency of simultaneous decolorisation of dyebath effluent and clearing of dyed poly(lactic acid) in the cooled dyebath after completion of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing cycle is also explored. Conventional alkaline reduction clearing with sodium dithionite was chosen as a control clearing process for comparison. Wash fastness, colour difference, colour removal (in Hazen) and chemical oxygen demand values were determined and compared. Long ozone treatment times at high ozone dose resulted in unacceptable colour differences. The colour difference problem was solved by use of lower ozone dose; however, a warm soaping step had to be added to the after-clearing sequence in order to achieve the desired fastness properties. A 33% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process (dyeing + after-clearing) could be achieved by ozone after-clearing instead of using a conventional reduction clearing treatment. The addition of the warm soaping step to improve the fastness properties of the ozonated samples increased the total chemical oxygen demand of the process (dyeing + ozonation in water + warm soaping), but a 12-18% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process was observed when compared with the conventional treatment sequence (dyeing + reduction clearing). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. PAMUĞUN AĞARTILMASINDA LAKKAZ, OZON VE HİDROJEN PEROKSİTİN KOMBİNE KULLANIMI.
- Author
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EREN, Hüseyin Aksel, ANİŞ, Pervin, YILMAZ, Didem, KİRİŞÇİ, Şule, and KAYA, Tuğba İN
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Textile & Apparel / Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon is the property of Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
12. Substitution of conventional chemicals by ozone at textile finishing
- Author
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Gündoğan, Seda, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Terbiye ,Washing ,Ağartma ,Ozone ,Ozon ,Viskon ,Finishing process ,Polyester ,Bleaching ,Yıkama ,Viscose - Abstract
Çalışmada, bilinen en çevre dostu gaz olan, bu nedenle de içme suyu arıtma tesislerinde bile yaygın olarak kullanılan ozon gazının terbiye işletmesinde entegrasyonu ile özellikle viskon ve polyester terbiye işlemlerinde kullanılması sayesinde gerek çevreye zararlı atıkların salınımının azaltılması gerekse de enerji tasarrufu sağlayan yenilikçi bir teknoloji geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, çalışma kapsamında temin edilen numune kumaş boyama makinesine (laboratuar tipi tekstil terbiye makinesi) ozon jeneratörü entegre edilerek deneysel çalışma düzeneği kurulmuştur. Bu düzenekle, kumaş formundaki malzemeler; viskonda ağartma, polyesterde ve viskonda boyama sonrası yıkama amacıyla amacıyla ozonlanmıştır. Ozonlama proses parametreleri optimize edilerek endüstriyel boyutta kullanılabilir bir teknoloji geliştirilmiştir. Yenilikçi teknoloji ile su, enerji ve zaman tasarrufu ile birlikte çevresel yükte azalmalar sağlanmıştır. Çalışma, 00688.STZ.2010-2 Tekstil Terbiye İşletmesinde Ozon Kullanımı Entegrasyonu San-Tez projesi kapsamında desteklendiği için, tüm deneysel çalışmalar proje ortağı firma Akbaşlar Tekstil Enerji San. Ve Tic. A.Ş. Boya Baskı İşletmesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ozone is an environmentally friendly gas which is widely used in drinking water treatment plants. In this study, ozone utilized in the finishing processes, especially for viscose and polyester fabrics. Thereby reducing environmentally harmful waste, as well as an innovative energy-saving ozone process technologies are developed. For this purpose, a sample fabric dyeing machine (jet) of 1 kg capacity is equppied with ozone feeding systems. This prototype is tested for viscose bleaching, afterclearing of disperse dyed polyester, afterclearing of reactive dyed viscose. Process optimization is conducted on this prototype. With innovative technology; water, energy, time savings and the reduction of environmental load are provided. This study is projected “Ozone utilization in a textile finishing plant” San-Tez Project. So all experimental works performed in the Akbaşlar Textile Dyeing Printing Factory. San-Tez 00688.STZ.2010-2 Akbaşlar Tekstil Enerji San. Ve Tic. A.Ş.
- Published
- 2021
13. Ozonation of dyeing waste water for reusing in dyeing
- Author
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Basrık, Cansu, Kutlay, Kadriye, Değirmenci, Nejla, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Yiğit, İdil, Eren, Semiha, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
Ozone ,Ozon ,Disperse dyeing ,Atık su ,Dispers boyama ,Wastewater ,Environmentally friendly manufacture ,Çevre dostu üretim - Abstract
Dünyadaki temiz su kaynaklarının tükenmesi nedeniyle; suyun daha az kullanılması ya da tekrar kullanılabilir hale gelmesi doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilirliği açısından çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle yüksek miktarda su kullanılan sektörlerde su tasarrufu sağlanma konusunda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; dispers boyama sonrası oluşan atık suyun ozonlanarak tekrarlı kullanımını sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Boyama sonrasında toplanan atık su ozonlandıktan sonra tekrar poliester ipliklerin boyanması için kullanılmıştır. Bu işlem toplamda 3 döngü şeklinde devam etmiştir. Atık sular 45 dakika süreyle 5 l/dk ozon akış hızında ozonlanmıştır. Her döngüde ozonlanmış su ile boyama yapılmış, boyanmış numunelerin renk farkı, kopma mukavemeti (kN) ve haslık değerleri, elde edilen suların ise KOİ (mg/l) ve atık su absorbansı(nm) değerleri ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar; ozonlamanın atık sularda renk sökme için kullanılabilir bir yöntem olduğunu aynı zamanda rengi sökülmüş sular ile numune rengine zarar verilmeden tekrar boyama yapılabileceğini göstermiştir. Using water less or making it reusable is very important due to the scarcity of clean water resources in the world, for the sustainability of natural resources. For this reason, studies are carried out to ensure water savings in sectors that is used high amounts of water. It is aimed to ensure the reused of the wastewater formed after disperse dyeing by utilising ozone in this study. Collected wastewater after dyeing was ozonated and it was used for dyeing polyester yarns again. This process continued in 3 cycles in total. The wastewater was ozonated for 45 minutes at an ozone flow rate of 5 l/min. Dyeing with ozonated water was done in each cycle and colour differences, tensile strength (kN) and fastness values of samples and COD (mg/l), waste water absorbance (nm) values were measured.
- Published
- 2021
14. Colour stripping of reactive‐dyed cotton by ozone treatment
- Author
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Buse Gümüs, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Semiha Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Semiha, Gümüş, Buse, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
Dyeing machines ,Reactive group ,Ozone ,Stripping (chemistry) ,Dyed cotton fabrics ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Engineering, chemical ,Polyester ,Analytical chemistry ,Color ,Cotton ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Ozonation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Control treatment ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Coloring Agent ,Chemistry ,Reactive dyes ,Strength values ,Stripping (dyes) ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Chemistry, applied ,Chromophores ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Materials science ,Fibers ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Ozone treatment ,Average values ,Materials science, textiles ,Control treatments ,0210 nano-technology ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
Trials have been carried out to investigate the efficiency of ozone treatment in the colour stripping of reactive-dyed cotton fabrics. The trials were performed on a specially designed apparatus to inject ozone gas into the liquor passing through a perforated beam with fabric rolls on it, just like a beam dyeing machine with ozone venturi injection. Conventional reductive colour stripping was applied as the control treatment, and ozone treatment was applied for three different application times (15, 30, and 45 min). Trials were performed with seven selected reactive dyes having various chromophores and reactive groups. The results indicate that 45 min ozone treatment yielded the best colour stripping results among the three application times. Furthermore, the colour stripping percentages of the 45 min ozone treatment were higher for four of the tested dyes, the same for one of the tested dyes, and lower for two of the tested dyes compared with the control treatment, which consisted of conventional reductive colour stripping. Colour stripping of 90% and above was achieved for all samples of the 45 min ozone treatment. The chemical oxygen demand values of the colour stripping baths were compared: the average value of the 45 min ozone application baths was 105 mg l(-1), and it was 1993 mg l(-1) for the conventional reductive treatment baths. Consequently, a reduction in chemical oxygen demand of almost 94% was achieved by ozone treatment compared with conventional reductive treatment. The strength values of the fabrics after the respective treatments were similar, with a difference of only 3%.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A research on applicability of ozone gas usage in industry for color stripping of reactive printed or dyed fabrics
- Author
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Kıcık, Hülya Başaran, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uludağ Üniversitesi/ Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Off-shade dyeing ,Renksizleştirme ,Reaktif baskılı kumaş ,Decolorisation ,Ozon ,Reactive dyed fabric ,Renk sökme ,Digital textile printing ,Reaktif boyalı kumaş ,Hatalı boyama ,Dijital baskı ,Hatalı baskı ,Ozone ,Color stripping ,Reactive printed fabric ,Misprinted - Abstract
Bu çalışma, reaktif boyanmış veya basılmış hatalı kumaşların renk sökme işlemlerinde ozon kullanımının sanayi ölçekli başarı potansiyeli olup olmadığını değerlendirmek amacıyla başlatılmıştır. Çalışma esnasında sanayide karşılaşılan bir başka sorunun ise giderek yaygınlaşan dijital tekstil baskıcılığında baskı sonu, fikse öncesi fark edilen hatalar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu hatalı kumaşların işletme içerisinde tıpkı baskı ve boyama işlemleri tamamlanmış hatalı kumaşlarda olduğu gibi tiyoüre dioksit ve soda kullanılarak 100oC gibi yüksek sıcaklıklarda tamamen renk sökümlerinin gerçekleştirilerek kumaşların tekrar aynı amaçla kullanılması sağlanmaktadır. Yukarıda bahsi geçen her iki durum için de konvansiyonel yönteme alternatif olarak ozon gazı ile renk sökme proseslerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple çalışmanın birinci aşamasında farklı renk ve desenlerde hatalı kumaşların hem klasik yöntemle ile hem de ozon prosesi ile renk sökümüne çalışılmış; ancak özellikle kalın gramajlı kumaşlarda istenen başarı elde edilememiştir. Diğer taraftan çalışmanın ikinci aşaması olan dijital baskı sonrası kumaşların renksizleştirilmesinde ise oldukça tatmin edici sonuçlar alınmış, çevresel yük, zaman ve maliyet açısından büyük avantajlar sağlanmıştır. This study was started to evaluate potential for success of color stripping of off-shade reactive dyed and misprinted fabrics by ozone treatment in industrial scale. Another problem in the site determined during the study was defects noticed before steaming and after printing in digital textile printing which is gradually become popular. These misprinted fabrics are provided reuse for the same purpose after color stipping exactly by using the same process to decolorisation of misprinted or off-shade dyed fabrics using tiourea dioxide and soda ash at the high temparatures as 100oC. It was aimed to develope novel processes for color stripping by ozone gas subtitute for conventional treatment for both situation above mentioned. For this reason in the first part of the study misprinted and off-shade fabrics were tried to strip colors both conventional treatment and ozone process, but it could not have sucessful especially high weighted fabrics. On the other hand, it was taken satisfactory results in the decolorisation of reactive inkjet misprinted fabrics just after printing before steaming which is the second part of the study and also novel process showed noticable advantages on environmental impact, time and cost. Akbaşlar Tekstil Enerji Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
- Published
- 2017
16. Application of ozone gas for the stripping of fabric ink-jet-printed with reactive dyes
- Author
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Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Hülya Kıcık, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Kıçık, Hülya, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
Ink jet printers ,General Chemical Engineering ,Engineering, chemical ,Effluents ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Stripping (fiber) ,Tensile strength ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Ozonation ,Woven fabrics ,Fabric strength ,Reactive dyes ,Whiteness ,Stripping (dyes) ,Thiourea ,Chemistry, applied ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Ink ,Thiourea dioxide ,0210 nano-technology ,Stripping ,Textile industry ,Weaving ,Ozone ,Materials science ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Polyester ,Color ,Disperse ,ensile strength ,Water consumption ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Coloring Agent ,Process time ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ozone treatment ,Inkjet machines ,Waste-water ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Stripping process ,Materials science, textiles ,Ink jet printing ,Substitution - Abstract
In this study, a novel process utilizing ozone was carried out for colour stripping of fabrics misprinted with reactive dyes in ink-jet machines. The results of ozone applications were compared with conventional colour stripping process performed by thiourea dioxide (TUDO) and soda ash. In trials, cotton-based and viscose-based woven fabrics were used as these fabrics were the most utilized at the textile mill in which this study was performed. Different ozone treatment times (30, 45, 60 or 90 min) were tested to find optimum process time and it was found that process times depended on fabric type. Particularly, colour stripping on high density and thick fabrics were harder than low density and thin fabric types. Fabric strengths, whiteness indexes and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were measured. Also energy, chemical and water consumptions were calculated. Consequently, it was found that the reduction of the COD value of effluent was up to 98%. The calculations showed that the savings in time and cost in ozone treatment were up to 77%. Satisfactory colour stripping and tensile strengths were achieved. Akbaşlar Tekstil Enerji San. ve Tic. A.Ş.
- Published
- 2017
17. Substitution of Reduction Clearing Step by Ozone Treatment at Disperse Dyeing of Polyester
- Author
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Seda Gundogan, Barış Kocaman, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Semiha Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Gündoǧan, Seda, and Eren, Semiha
- Subjects
Clearing process ,Environmental Engineering ,Ozone ,Production engineering ,Disperse dye ,Environmental impact ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Environmental sciences & ecology ,Ozonation ,Clearing ,Environmental Chemistry ,Polyethylene terephthalates ,Disperse dyes ,Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) ,Reference reductions ,Machine tools ,Dyeing ,Waste management ,Disperse Dyes ,Coloring Agent ,Engineering, environmental ,Disperse dyeings ,Decolorization ,Color fastness ,Clearing procedures ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmental sciences ,Polyester ,chemistry ,Substantial energy ,Textile mill ,Clearance - Abstract
The effectiveness of ozone treatment for the afterclearing of disperse dyed poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers has been examined. Two types of disperse dyed PET samples were selected among commercial mass production range of Akbaslar textile mill. The reduction clearing procedure applied during mass production was taken as the reference reduction clearing treatment; these reference samples were taken after dyeing and reduction clearing processes at the mill. Samples of disperse dyed PET were also taken before reduction clearing in order apply ozone treatment in the laboratory as the tested afterclearing method. Color and wash-fastness properties of the reduction cleared and ozone treated fabric samples were compared and reported. Results indicated acceptable color and wash-fastness results comparable to those of reduction cleared samples for ozone treated samples. The success of ozone treatment for the black dyed PET sample at 7.0% depth of shade was especially outstanding. Ozone treatment was applied in cold water without addition of any chemicals for very short treatment times when compared to conventional reduction clearing. Ozone treatment created substantial energy and chemical savings as well as lower environmental impact. Ministry of Science, Industry & Technology - Turkey (SANTEZ 00688.STZ.2010-2)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Decolorisation of disperse dark blue 148 with ozone
- Author
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I Yetisir, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Semiha Eren, Yetişir, İdil, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Semiha, Yetişir, İ., and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
- Subjects
Decolorisation ,Ozone ,Dye ,Ozone generator ,Venturi ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Dispersant ,Textile dyeing ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozonation ,Ultrasound ,Textile processing ,Effluent ,Dyeing ,Injection systems ,Disperse Dyes ,Coloring Agent ,Textiles ,Dispersing agent ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Decolorization ,Dye-bath effluents ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Materials science ,Materials science, multidisciplinary ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Ozone treatment ,Venturi effect ,Materials science, textiles ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
17th World Textile Conference of the Association-of-Universities-for-Textiles (AUTEX) - Shaping the Future of Textiles --MAY 29-31, 2017 -- GREECE, WOS: 000417214900098, The aim of this study is decolorisation of CI Disperse Dark Blue 148 dye by ozone treatment which is one of the most attractive alternatives for solving the problem of color in textile dyeing effluents. A venturi injection system added dyeing chamber for getting ozone from the ozone generator. And additive (acetic acid and dispersing agent) put in the dyeing. After the coloration, the experimental color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, temperature (degrees C) and conductivity (mu S/cm) were measured. The results encourage the use of the system for decolorisation trials as well as dyebath effluent recycling., Assoc Univ Textiles
- Published
- 2017
19. Hatalı boyamalar sonrası boyar madde sökümünde ozon proseslerinin geliştirilmesi
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Gümüş, Buse, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı, and Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
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Reaktif boyarmadde ,Dyeing ,Reactive dye ,Ozone ,Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Ozon ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Color stripping ,Renk sökme ,Boyama ,Pamuk ,Cotton - Abstract
Klasik yöntemlerle boyarmadde sökümünde yüksek kimyasal madde oranlarının kullanılmasıyla hem maliyet hem de çevresel yük açısından ciddi sorunlar oluşmakta, kumaş zarar görebilmekte ve ayrıca yüksek uygulama sıcaklıkları enerji tüketiminin artmasına sebep olabilmektedir. Bu tez kapsamında boyarmadde sökümünde ozon gazı kullanılması ile çevre ve maliyet açısından faydalar sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Klasik yöntemlerle yapılan boyarmadde söküm işlemlerine alternatif olarak ozon gazı ile denemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tez sonucu yapılan denemeler ile çevresel etkinin azalması, enerji tasarrufu, verimlilik artışı ve maliyetlerde azalma gibi avantajlar sağlanmıştır. While stripping the dyestuff by classic methods, using chemicals on excessive rate has been caused serious problems in terms of both the cost and the environmental load and also this can be damaged to the fabric. Furthermore, the high application temperatures can be brought on the increase of energy consumption. Within the context of this thesis, having advantages of enviroment and cost has been aimed by using ozone gas in stripping the dyestuff. Alternatively the stripping the dyestuff treatment with classic ways, on this study ozone gas experiments have been carried out. From the results of the experiments on this study, some advantages have been appeared in terms of environmental load reduction, energy consumption, increase of efficiency and the decrease of cost. 129
- Published
- 2016
20. %100 ipek kumaşın mukavemet ve beyazlık özellikleri üzerine plazma ve ozon işlemlerinin etkileri
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Balcı, Nurşah, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Ömeroğulları, Zeynep, Kut, Dilek, and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
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Ozone ,İpek ,Ozon ,Düşük frekanslı plazma ,Silk ,Low-frequency plasma - Abstract
In this study raw and degummed silk fabrics are treated with low frequency oxygen plasma and ozone in order to investigate the effects on the physical properties of silk. Plasma and ozone treatments are performed individually and in combined order for 5, 10 and 15 min. The yellowness and whiteness values are determined after the plasma and ozone treatments. The tensile strengths of treated and untreated silk fabrics are measured. The SEM images of the surfaces of silk fabrics are investigated and the combined effect of ozone and plasma treatments are discussed after each test. Results indicate that there is more significant decrease in ozone treatment, considering decrease in whiteness indexes and increase in yellowness values of silk fabrics when compared to the plasma treatment. Generally, when the treatment time of plasma or ozone is increased, increase of yellowness and decrease of whiteness become clear. Bu çalışmada, plazma ve ozonun ipek kumaşın fiziksel özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak amacıyla ham ve serisini giderilmiş ipek kumaşlar ozon ve düşük frekanslı oksijen plazma işlemlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Plazma ve ozon işlemleri birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak ve kombine olacak şekilde 5, 10 ve 15 dak. uygulanmıştır. Plazma ve ozon işlemlerinden sonra, sarılık ve beyazlık indeksleri belirlenmiş, kopma mukavemetleri ölçülmüştür. İpek kumaşların yüzeylerinin SEM görüntüleri incelenmiş ve her test ardından ozon ve plazmanın kombine efekti tartışılmıştır. Ozon ve plazma işlemleri karşılaştırıldığında, sonuçlar ipek kumaşların beyazlık indekslerinde azalışın, sarılık değerlerindeki artışın ozonlama işleminde daha belirgin olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Genel olarak, plazma veya ozonun işlem süreleri arttıkça sarılıktaki artış ve beyazlıktaki azalış daha net bir şekilde görülmektedir.
- Published
- 2015
21. Afterclearing by ozonation: a novel approach for disperse dyeing of polyester
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Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., and Eren, Hüseyin Aksel
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Polyester fiber ,Ozone ,Ethylene ,Disperse dyeing ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Polyesters ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Engineering, chemical ,Effluents ,Synthetic fibers ,Colour yield losses ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Polyethylene terephthalate fiber ,Oxidation ,Washfastness ,Reagent ,Dyes ,Temperature ,Decolorization ,Color fastness ,Chemistry, applied ,Pulp and paper industry ,Disperse dye ,Materials science ,Ozonation afterclearing ,Volumetric flow rate ,Fibers ,Polyester ,Chemistry ,chemistry ,Distilled water ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Yield (chemistry) ,Parameters ,Fluorosulfonyl group ,Materials science, textiles - Abstract
A set of trials has been conducted to examine the efficiency of ozonation afterclearing on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres dyed with disperse dyes. The afterclearing process was performed in neutral distilled water at room temperature with 12.8 +/- 0.3 mg/min ozone at 400 ml/min ozone gas flow rate. The results indicate that 1 min ozonation time is adequate to achieve wash fastness results comparable with conventional reduction clearing without significant colour yield losses. Ozonation periods greater than 1 min not only caused significant colour yield losses, but also caused a severe decrease of the breaking load of the fabric. The advantages of ozonation afterclearing are: savings in energy and time, as it is performed at room temperature for only 1 min, and decrease of environmental load as it avoids the use of the harsh chemicals used in conventional reduction clearing.
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- 2006
- Full Text
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22. Decolorisation and reuse of disperse dyeing waste water by ozonation
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İyizaman, Öznur, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı., and Tekstil Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı
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Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Dyeing ,Ozone ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Dispers ,Ozon ,Boyama ,Reuse ,Tekrar kullanım ,Disperse ,Disperse dye - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel polyester boyama prosesine ait atık suları renksizleştirmek için ozon kontakt tankında ozonlanma işlemi uygulanmıştır. Akbaşlar Tekstil A.Ş.'nin üretiminden alınan farklı miktarlarda ve türlerde dispers boyama atık suları, oda sıcaklığında bekletilip; kontakt tankta 40 dakikalık ozonlama işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Dispers boyama atıksularının; ozonlama işlemi öncesi ve sonrası iletkenlik, sıcaklık, pH, KOİ ve absorbans değerleri karşılaştırılmış, renk giderim yüzdeleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra ozonlanmış atık boyama banyoları ile yeniden boyama yapılmıştır. Dispers atık suyunun geri kazanılarak proseslerde tekrar kullanılabilmesi, bu kullanımda kumaşlar arasında renk farkı oluşmaması, geri kazanılmış suyla boyanmış kumaşların haslık değerlerinin işletme suyu ile boyananlarla denk olması ve atık yükünün azaltılması sağlanmıştır. Böylece kimyasal madde ve su tasarrufu, proses maliyetinde azalma, atık su arıtma yükünde azalma elde edilmiştir. In this study, effluent of an actual industrial disperse dyeing of polyester process was ozonated in an ozonation chamber in order to remove the residual color in the effluent. Ozonation was performed at room temperature, disperse dyeing bath effluent was collected from the actual jet dyeing machines of the mass production of Akbaslar Textile Co., then cooled to room temperature to subject to forty minute ozone treatments in the ozonation chamber. Disperse dyeing waste water was compared to before and after ozonation process. Percentage of the color removal was calculated. After that, the ozonated disperse dyeing waste water reused for dyeing. As a result, there were not a color differences between the fabrics which performed by reuse of disperse dyeing waste water. Fastness values of the fabrics which was dyed with recovered waste water were identical to the control sample. Thus, chemical and water saving, reduction in process costs, a reduction in the load of waste water treatment was prepared. Akbaş Holding
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- 2014
23. Ultrasound-assisted ozone bleaching of cotton
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Ozan Avinc, Burcu Erismis, Semiha Eren, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Erişmiş, Burcu, and Eren, Semiha
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Polymers and Plastics ,Effluents ,Cotton ,Peroxide ,Peroxide treatment ,Tensile strength ,Environmental impact ,Degradation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozonation ,Hydrogen-peroxide ,Ultrasonics ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Cotton bleaching ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Pulp and paper industry ,Peroxides ,Fibers ,Gas ,Bleaching ,Scanning electron microscopy ,Polymer science ,Optimization ,Cotton Fabrics ,Whiteness ,Mineralization ,Ozone ,Peroxide bleaching ,Materials science, paper & wood ,Cleaning ,Energy conservation ,Cotton fabrics ,Sonochemistry ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Ultrasound ,Oxidation ,Homogenizer ,Sonolysis ,Bleaching effluent ,Effluent ,Bleaching cottons ,Laccase ,Hydrogen peroxide bleaching ,Decolorization ,Materials science ,Ozonization ,Bleaching process ,chemistry ,Materials science, textiles ,Tensile strength properties ,Visual appearance ,Hydrogen - Abstract
In this study, the effects of ultrasound on ozone treatment processes for bleaching cotton fabrics were investigated and compared with the conventional hydrogen peroxide bleaching process (60 °C over 90 min). Two ultrasonic + ozone treatments of cotton fabric samples were carried out: (1) ozone in an ultrasonic homogenizer (UH) and (2) ozone in an ultrasonic bath. Ozone dosages, temperature and time variations were determined with both ozone-ultrasonic bleaching processes. Whiteness, yellowness, weight, tensile strength properties, FTIR (ATR) spectra and visual appearance, via scanning electron microscopy of treated cotton fabrics as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) of bleaching effluents, were investigated. It was concluded that the ozone + UH process, conducted for 30 min at 30 °C, produced closely equivalent values of cotton fabric whiteness and yellowness to the classic peroxide bleaching process, with slightly less weight loss, dramatically less COD in the process effluent (29 mg/l for ozone-UH vs. 4,316 mg/l for classical peroxide treatment), and without causing any adverse and/or detrimental effects on loss of fabric strength or elongation of the cotton fabrics. The ozone-UH process also leads to time and energy savings with much less environmental impact. Consequently, the combination of ozonation plus UH carried out at 30 °C over 30 min can be used successfully for cotton bleaching instead of the classic hydrogen peroxide bleaching process. © 2014, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
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- 2014
24. Color removal of disperse blue dyes by ozonation
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Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi/Kimya Anabilim Dalı., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Yıldız, Dilek, Demir, Cevdet, Şahin, Saliha, AFR-1890-2022, ABA-2005-2020, and AAH-2892-2021
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Oxidatiion ,Decolorisation ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Coloring Agent ,Polyester ,Color ,Water ,Decolorization ,Textile effluents ,COD ,Disperse dye ,Materials science ,Ozone ,Ozone treatment ,Materials science, textiles - Abstract
In this study, decolorization of three disperse dyes by ozonation was evaluated. The dyes assessed represent low (CI Disperse Blue 56), medium (CI Disperse Blue 60) and high (CI Disperse Blue 79) energy level dyes. UV-visible spectroscopy, HPLC-DAD and COD analysis were performed to follow the removal of color from effluent. The results indicated that color removal rates up to 100% and COD removal rates up to 68% could be achieved via ozonation. HPLC analysis and UV-vis analysis were performed for all of the dyes, and a degradation mechanism was proposed for CI Disperse Blue 79.
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- 2013
25. Ozone applications for after-clearing of disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibres
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Pinar Uysal, Ozan Avinc, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uysal, Pınar
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Clearing process ,Decolorisation ,Conventional treatments ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,General Chemical Engineering ,Engineering, chemical ,Effluents ,Textile effluents ,Part 1 ,Fastness properties ,Sodium dithionite ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dye bath ,Engineering ,Colour differences ,Ozonation ,Clearing ,Organic chemistry ,Ozone water treatment ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Lactic acid ,Chemistry, applied ,Pulp and paper industry ,Chemistry ,Distilled water ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Wash fastness ,Ozone ,Fabrics ,Ozonation process ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Polyester ,Color ,Fastness ,Ultrasound ,Oxidation ,Effluent ,Color printing ,Room temperature ,Sodium ,Decolorization ,Dye-bath effluents ,Poly lactic acid ,Materials science ,Ozonization ,chemistry ,Ozone treatment ,Ozone dose ,Materials science, textiles - Abstract
In this study, the effectiveness of the ozonation process, in neutral distilled water at room temperature, as a clearing process for disperse-dyed poly(lactic acid) fibre fabrics is investigated. The efficiency of simultaneous decolorisation of dyebath effluent and clearing of dyed poly(lactic acid) in the cooled dyebath after completion of the poly(lactic acid) dyeing cycle is also explored. Conventional alkaline reduction clearing with sodium dithionite was chosen as a control clearing process for comparison. Wash fastness, colour difference, colour removal (in Hazen) and chemical oxygen demand values were determined and compared. Long ozone treatment times at high ozone dose resulted in unacceptable colour differences. The colour difference problem was solved by use of lower ozone dose; however, a warm soaping step had to be added to the after-clearing sequence in order to achieve the desired fastness properties. A 33% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process (dyeing + after-clearing) could be achieved by ozone after-clearing instead of using a conventional reduction clearing treatment. The addition of the warm soaping step to improve the fastness properties of the ozonated samples increased the total chemical oxygen demand of the process (dyeing + ozonation in water + warm soaping), but a 12–18% reduction on the chemical oxygen demand load of the total process was observed when compared with the conventional treatment sequence (dyeing + reduction clearing).
- Published
- 2012
26. Afterclearing of disperse dyed polyester with gaseous ozone
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Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Semiha Eren, Dilek Ozturk, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Öztürk, Dilek, and Eren, Semiha
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Materials science ,Ozone ,Decolorisation ,Ozone gas ,Disperse red ,Scanning electron microscope ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Ozone generator ,Engineering, chemical ,Color ,Environmental loads ,Gaseous ozone ,Water consumption ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Water supply ,Engineering ,Colour differences ,Continuous treatments ,Ozonation ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,Polyethylene terephthalates ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Esters ,Chemistry, applied ,Pulp and paper industry ,Disperse Blue 79 ,Fabric samples ,Polyester fabric ,Polyester ,Ozonization ,Chemistry ,H2O2/FE2+ ,chemistry ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Ozone treatment ,Wash fastness ,Fluorosulfonyl group ,Materials science, textiles ,Scanning electron microscopies (sem) ,Scanning electron microscopy - Abstract
The efficiency of ozone treatment for the clearing of disperse dyed polyethylene terephthalate fibres has been examined. The ozone treatment for the clearing of the dyed samples was performed by blowing the ozone gas from the ozone generator on to the wet fabric samples. The results indicated that 3- and 5-min ozonation times were appropriate to achieve comparable wash fastness results with conventional reduction clearing without significant colour differences (ΔE* value) for the samples dyed with CI Disperse Yellow 23 and CI Disperse Blue 79, respectively; however, the ozonation time had to be increased to 15 min for CI Disperse Red 82. Tensile strength tests and scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that the ozone treatment did not cause any severe damage to the fabrics. Ozone treatment for the afterclearing of disperse dyed polyester fabric can lead to energy and time savings and environmental load reduction when compared with conventional reduction clearing. This study tested a new method of ozone application for clearing of disperse dyed polyester by blowing ozone directly on to the fabric samples. This new method of application has the advantage of being readily adoptable for continuous treatment lines and lower water consumption.
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- 2012
27. Comparison of different ultrasound support methods during colour and chemical oxygen demand removal of disperse and reactive dyebath solutions by ozonation
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Ozan Avinc, Burcu Erismis, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Erişmiş, Burcu
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Decolorisation ,Ozonation process ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Engineering, chemical ,Color ,Textile effluents ,Semibatch reactor ,Dye bath ,Engineering ,Ozonation ,Ozone ,Tert Butyl Alcohol ,Ci reactive-blue-19 ,Azo-dye ,Organic chemistry ,Homogenizer ,Dyeing auxiliary ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,Aqueous-solution ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Ultrasound ,Efficient process ,Combined sonolysis ,Chemistry, applied ,Pulp and paper industry ,Degradation mechanism ,Materials science ,Ozonization ,Support method ,Ultrasonic bath ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Catalytic ozonation ,Scientific method ,Waste-water ,Ultrasonic sensor ,Operating parameters ,Materials science, textiles ,Dyeing ,business ,Chemical oxygen demand removals - Abstract
In this study, the effects of ozonation, ozonation with ultrasonic bath and ozonation with ultrasonic homogeniser processes on colour and chemical oxygen demand removal properties of disperse (CI Disperse Red60, CI Disperse Blue337) and reactive (CI Reactive Blue171 and CI Reactive Blue19) dyebath solutions with and without dyeing auxiliaries were investigated. Chemical oxygen demand (in mg/l) and colour (in Hazen) measurements of the studied dyebath solutions were determined. The ozonation process caused simultaneous chemical oxygen demand removal during decolorisation. However, the improvement in chemical oxygen demand reduction was less than of that on decolorisation. The application of the combination of ozonation with ultrasonic homogeniser is the most efficient process and creates a great time advantage over the other process types studied (ozonation alone and ozonation with ultrasonic bath) to reach the same colour and levels of chemical oxygen demand removal. © 2012 The Authors. Coloration Technology © 2012 Society of Dyers and Colourists.
- Published
- 2012
28. The effects of ozone treatment on soybean fibers
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Pinar Uysal, Mike Wilding, Ozan Avinc, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uysal, Pınar
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Environmental Engineering ,Ozone ,Materials science ,genetic structures ,Knit fabrics ,Glycine max ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Cleaning ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Engineering ,Oilseeds ,Knitted fabrics ,Environmental sciences & ecology ,Ozonation ,Polymer chemistry ,Treatment time ,Environmental Chemistry ,Fiber ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Room temperature ,Soybean fibers ,Protein ,Whiteness ,Engineering, environmental ,Bleaching ,Strength ,Knitted fabric ,food and beverages ,Microstructure ,Hydrogen peroxide treatment ,Fiber surface ,Peroxides ,Environmental sciences ,Fibers ,Ozonization ,Flame-retardant properties ,Luminance ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ozone treatment ,Exposure-time ,sense organs ,Brightness values ,Soybean ,Soybean Fibers ,Knitted Fabrics ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,Surface integrity - Abstract
A set of knitted fabrics comprising soybean fibers was ozonated at room temperature for periods ranging from 2.5 to 300 minutes to identify any accompanying effects on either physical properties (specifically whiteness and burst-strength), fiber surface integrity or microstructure. A hydrogen peroxide treatment was applied to some of the fabric in order to provide a comparison. Ozonation was found to produce a promising increase in whiteness which, after the maximum exposure time, was significantly higher than was achieved using hydrogen peroxide. © 2012 International Ozone Association.
- Published
- 2012
29. Tekstil terbiye işletmesinde ozon kullanımı entegrasyonu
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Yildiz, Dilek, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı., and Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
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Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Decolorisation ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Ozon ,Dispers dyeing ,Polyesters ,Poliester ,Polyester dyeing ,Polyester ,Poliester boyama ,Geri kazanım ,Decolorization ,Disperse dye ,Dispers boyarmaddeler ,Treatment of wastewater ,Ozone ,Recovery ,Recycling ,Renk giderimi - Abstract
Bu çalışmada ozonun tekstil terbiye işletmelerine entegrasyonunda boyama atık sularının renksizleştirilmesi ve yeniden kullanılması olanakları araştırılmıştır.Literatürde ozonlamayla renk giderimi konusunda oldukça fazla bilgi birikimi olup bu bilgi birikiminin tekstile entegrasyonunda boya banyolarının geri kazanım tekrar kullanımları önem taşımaktadır.Ozon, oksijenin 3 atom içeren bir allotropu olup, 2,07 V` luk oksidasyon potansiyeline sahiptir. Ozon gazı endüstriyel ölçekte ozon jeneratörlerinde üretilir. Ozon jeneratörlerinin yerli ve yabancı birçok üreticisi ve birçok modeli ticari olarak mevcuttur.Ozon gazı endüstriyel olarak; su ve meşrubat şişelemede, gıda endüstrisinde dezenfeksiyon amaçlı, su dezenfeksiyonunda ve atık su arıtımında kullanılmaktadır.Tekstil boyama atık sularının ozonlama ile renk giderimi üzerine birçok bilimsel çalışma mevcuttur. Kuvvetli bir oksidan olan ozon yardımıyla atık suyun sadece rengi uzaklaştırılmamakta aynı zamanda organik kirlilik miktarı da azaltılmaktadır. Rengi giderilmiş atık suyun tekrar kullanımının mümkün kılınması çevresel faydayı arttıracaktır.Çalışma kapsamında, ilk olarak; pH, sıcaklık, atık su bileşenleri ve ozon dozu gibi proses parametrelerinin ozonlamaya etkisi ve ozonlamanın renk giderimindeki etkinliği deneysel çalışmalar yapılarak incelenmiştir.İkinci olarak yapılan deneysel çalışmada, Dispers Blue 56, Dispers Blue 60 ve Dispers Blue 79 boyarmaddeleriyle hazırlanmış belirli konsantrasyondaki boyama atık sularına ozonlama yapılarak renk giderimindeki verimleri araştırılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmanın sonucunda boyarmaddelere HPLC analizi uygulanarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.Yapılan üçüncü çalışmada, ikinci çalışmada kullanılan üç boyarmaddeden biri olan Dispers Blue 60 boyarmaddesiyle boyama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan boyamalar sonucunda, boyama atık sularıyla üçerli gruplar oluşturularak ilk grupta ozonla renk gideriminin sağlandığı boya banyosuyla beş tekrarlı boyamalar gerçekleştirilmiş; oluşturulan diğer iki kontrol grubuyla ozonla renk giderimi sonucu geri kazanım tekrar kullanım olanakları karşılaştırılmıştır. Boyamalar sonucunda elde edilen kumaş numunelerinin renk ve haslık sonuçları birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır.Yapılan çalışma, 00688. STZ. 2010- 2 nolu Tekstil Terbiye İşletmesinde Ozon Kullanımı Ve Entegrasyonu konu başlıklı SANTEZ projesi kapsamında SANTEZ projesi olarak yürütülmüştür. Projede 7 iş paketi mevcut olup bu tezde iş paketlerinden birisi olan ozonla geri kazanım çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Projede kalan iş paketleri ayrı bir doktora tezi olarak sürmektedir.Sonuç olarak, ciddi bir üretim oranıyla karşımıza çıkan poliesterin boyanmasında oluşan tekstil atık suyunun renginin giderilmesinin ve buradan yola çıkılarak aynı atık suyun tekrarlı kullanımlarının olabileceğini ortaya koyan sonuçlara ulaşılmış, ozonun desteklenecek yeni yöntemlerle tekstilin birçok alanında ekolojik ve ekonomik çözümlere olanak sağlayacağı anlaşılmıştır.Anahtar Sözcükler: Ozon, dispers boyarmaddeler, poliester, poliester boyama, renk giderimi, geri kazanım Ozone (O3) is an allotrope of oxygen with 3 atoms which has an oxidation potential of 2,07 V. Ozone is generated in ozone generators by feeding air usually oxygen into the generator. Ozone generators are available in various models from local or international suppliers. Industrial uses are present in food industry, water treatment and waste water treatment for disinfection purposes.There are various scientific researches for decolorization of textile dyeing waste waters. With the help of ozone, which is a powerful oxidant, not only the waste water is decolorized but also organic pollution is also reduced.Within the context of this study, effect of process parameters such as pH, temperature, waste water content and ozone dose on ozonization analyzed with experimental studies.Findings of the second phase of the study are, efficiency of decolorization with ozonization is high for waste water of textile dyeing, prepared at a specific concentration with Dispers Blue 56, Dispers Blue 60 and Dispers Blue 79. After the experimental studies, HPLC analysis has been done on dyestuffs.In the third phase of the study, one of the three dyestuffs of second study, Dispers Blue 60, is used for dyeing. With the waste water of dyeing, 3 different groups are prepared, with the first group 5 consecutive dyeing is realized after decolorization with ozone at each step. With the remaining two groups, different ozonization methods are applied to support the decolorization study. After dyeing, color fastness results of fabric samples are compared. Color fastness results of fabric samples for each dyeing shows that this method is generally fine.The study is conducted as a SANTEZ Project, 00688.STZ.2010-2 Ozone Use And Integration For Textile Finishing Industry. There are 7 different studies in the project and one of them is investigated in this study. Remaining studies are under research as a Ph.D thesis.As a result of the study, ozone could be utilized for decolorization and multiple reuse of waste water of polyester dyeing. With new studies, ozone could help finding ecological and economical solutions for textile industry in various areas.Keywords: Ozone, dispers dyeing, polyester, polyester dyeing, decolorisation, treatment of wastewater, recovery 110
- Published
- 2012
30. Tekstil terbiye işlemlerinde ultrason kullanımı
- Author
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Erişmiş, Burcu, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı., and Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Tekstil terbiyesi ,Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Enzim ,Ozone ,Textile finishing ,Ultrason ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Ozon ,Enzyme ,Ultrasound ,Enzymes - Abstract
Bu çalışmada yeni ve gelişmekte olan teknolojilerden ultrason kullanımının ozon ve enzim kullanımı ile kombine edilmesi ve bunların tekstil terbiye uygulanmalarında kullanımları araştırılmıştır.Ultrason insanın duyma limitinin üzerinde ses dalgalarının bilimidir. Tekstil terbiyesinde kullanımı yönünde çalışmalar yenidir ve hala uygulamaya yansımış değildir. Literatürde anlatılan deneysel çalışmalarda tekstil terbiye işlemlerinde ultrason kullanımının birçok avantaj sağladığı rapor edilmiştir. Tekstil terbiyesinde enzimatik işlemler ılımlı şartlarda muamele ve doğal yapıları ile düşük çevresel etkilerinin yanında substrat spesifikliği ile mamüle zarar vermeme gibi avantajları barındırdıklarından mümkün olan alanlarda tercih edilmektedir. Tekstil terbiyesinde enzimlerin ticari kullanımının henüz yerleşemediği alan enzimatik ağartmadır. Ozon ise yüksek oksidasyon potansiyeline sahip bir gaz olup son yıllarda ozonun terbiyede kullanımı üzerine giderek artan çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Tekstil terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının avantajları; enerji tasarrufu, kimyasal madde tasarrufu ve atık yükünde azalmadır.Yapılan çalışma kapsamında üç iş paketi belirlenmiştir. Bu iş paketlerinin ilkinde ozon ve ultrasonun kombine kullanımının atık boyama banyolarının renk ve KOİ giderimi üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. İkinci iş paketinde enzimatik hidrofilleştirmede pektinaz ve enzimatik ağartma işlemlerinde lakkaz ve glikozoksidaz enzimleri kullanılarak ultrasonun desteğinin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Üçüncü iş paketinde pamuk ve yün kumaşların ağartılmasında ultrason ve ozon kombinasyonunun etkisi belirlenmiştir.Ultrason desteğinin tüm iş paketlerinde işlem etkinliğini artırdığı tespit edilmiş olup detaylar tez çalışmasının içeriğinde verilmiştir.Tez çalışması 110M300 no'lu TÜBİTAK 1001 projesi kapsamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Proje Uludağ Üniversitesi Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümünde yürütülmüştür.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ultrason, Ozon, Enzim, Tekstil terbiyesi.2012, xii + 140 sayfa. In this project, the combination of ultrasound with ozone and enzymes, which are new and emerging technologies, and the use of ozone and ultrasound in textile wet processing was evaluated.Ultrasonic is the science of sound waves above the limits of human audibility. The ultrasound in textile industry is a new method. In experimental studies mentioned in the literature use of ultrasound in textile treatment was reported to provide several advantages. Enzymes are used in mild conditions in textile finishing resulting in less environmental impact and less fiber damage. Enzymatic bleaching is a topic which is a scientific concern that could not find commercial use yet. Ozone is an oxidative gas with a high oxidation potential. There are several studies for the utilisation of ozone in textile finishing. The advantages of ozone utilisation in textile finishing are; energy savings, chemical savings and environmentally friendly production.In the first section of this project, the effect of the combined use of ultrasound and ozone on decolorization and COD reduction of waste dyeing bath was determined. In the second section of this project, the usage of pectinase, laccase and glucoseoxidase enzymes and the effects of ultrasonic support on these enzymatic treatments in textile finishing were tested. Finally, in the third section of the project, in bleaching of cotton and wool fabrics, the effect of combined use of ultrasound was examined.Ultrasound asist increased the effectiveness of the treatments in all three sections of the Project, detailed results are given within this project report. 155
- Published
- 2012
31. The evaluation of ozonation as an environmentally friendly alternative for cotton preparation
- Author
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Dilek Ozturk, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Öztürk, Dilek
- Subjects
Bleaching ,Cotton Fabrics ,Whiteness ,Materials science ,Ozone ,Ozone gas ,Polymers and Plastics ,Bleach ,Fabrics ,Cleaning ,Effluents ,Strength loss ,Cotton ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dye bath ,Water absorbency ,Ozonation ,Oxidation ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Environmentally friendly alternatives ,Textile fabric ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Effluent ,Control treatment ,Waste management ,Ozone water treatment ,Textiles ,Hydrogen peroxide bleaching ,Decolorization ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmentally friendly ,Reactive dye bath ,Fabric samples ,Ozonization ,Degree of whiteness ,chemistry ,Preparation ,Materials science, textiles ,Hydrogen ,Textile industry - Abstract
Ozone is a strongly oxidative gas that is generally used in medical sterilization and decolorization of the effluent of textile spent dyebaths. Recent studies have reported the use of ozone to bleach textile fabrics. In this study, ozone was utilized in cotton preparation for greige, desized and scoured 100% cotton fabrics. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching was performed as the control treatment. The degree of whiteness of cotton increased after prolonged ozonation times. The scoured samples reached the whiteness level of the control (hydrogen peroxide bleached) samples. The whiteness of the hydrogen peroxide bleached, 60-min ozonated and 90-min ozonated samples all had a Stensby degree of whiteness of 81 for the scoured fabric samples. The strength loss after prolonged ozonation times was negligible. Ozonation increased the starch-size removal of the greige cotton samples and the water absorbency of the greige and desized cotton samples.
- Published
- 2011
32. The effects of ozone treatment on polylactic acid (PLA) fibres
- Author
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Pinar Uysal, Mike Wilding, Ozan Avinc, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uysal, Pınar
- Subjects
Surface damages ,Polymers and Plastics ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Peroxide ,Peroxide treatment ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,SEM imaging ,Polylactic acid ,Ozonation ,Fabric strength ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Fiber ,Composite material ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Microstructure ,Internal microstructure ,Ozone water treatment ,acid) (PLA) ,strength ,whiteness ,Whiteness ,Lactic acid ,Fiber surface ,Fibers ,Body fluids ,Rigidity ,Raman spectroscopy ,Bleaching ,Wetting ,Strength ,Polylactic acids ,bleaching ,flexural rigidity ,hydrogen peroxide ,ozone ,poly(lactic ,Materials science ,Polyester ,Flexural rigidity ,Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ,Ozone ,poly(lactic acid) (PLA) ,Poly(lactic acid) ,Oxidation ,Treatment time ,Room temperature ,Low energies ,Poly lactic acid ,Ozonization ,chemistry ,Ozone treatment ,Flexural rigidities ,Materials science, textiles ,Higher temperatures ,Burst strength - Abstract
A set of knitted poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fabrics was ozonated at room temperature for periods ranging from one to 60 minutes in order to identify any accompanying effects on physical properties (specifically whiteness, water-absorbency, flexural rigidity and burst strength), fiber surface integrity or internal microstructure. A significant (ca. 6% after 10 minutes of treatment) initial increase in whiteness was observed, with longer treatment times producing little further change. The fabric’s absorbency and flexibility both increased, the time of wetting having fallen by ca. 20% and the flexural rigidity by ca. 16%, respectively, after 10 minutes of treatment. Fabric strength remained virtually unaffected for short times (up to 10 minutes) of ozonation, although longer treatments caused a measurable drop (ca. 10% after 60 minutes). SEM imaging showed virtually no evidence for surface damage, even after 60 minutes of treatment, whereas peroxide treatment caused massive pitting of the fiber surface. Raman spectroscopy of the ozonated PLA fabrics indicated that the treatment had not affected the internal microstructure of the fibers. Our conclusion is that brief (no more than 10 minutes) room-temperature ozonation is potentially an effective, safe and low-energy alternative to conventional higher temperature peroxide treatment. © 2011, SAGE Publications. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2011
33. The effects of ozone treatment on PLA fibers and utilising ozone for PLA finishing
- Author
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Uysal, Pınar, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Ozone ,Dyeing ,Decolorisation ,Ozon ,Polilaktik asit (PLA) ,Renk haslıgı ,Polylactic acid (PLA) ,Qastewater ,Atıksu ,Boyama ,Color fastness - Abstract
Bu çalışmada yeni ve ekolojik bir lif olan PLA (polilaktik asit) liflerinin terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının araştırılması ve terbiye işlemlerinin de ekolojik hale getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Polilaktik asit (PLA) %100 yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilebilen çevre dostu olan bir alifatik polyesterdir. PLA [(C3H4O2)n] doğal kaynaklardan (mısır, şeker pancarı, buğday, biyopolimerler vs.) elde edilerek eriyikten lif çekme yöntemiyle üretilen ilk lif olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. PLA ekolojik avantajlarla çok iyi teknik performansı bünyesinde barındıran bir tekstil lifidir. PLA lifi yüksek mukavemete sahiptir ve diğer sentetik liflerle de benzer özellikler gösterir.PLA iyi bir lif özelliği taşımasının yanında çevre dostu bir lif oluşu ve mevcut endüstriyel makinelerle ve araçlarla işlenebilme kabiliyeti sebebiyle; tekstil, plastik ve paketleme alanlarında ticari olarak giderek artan ilgi görmektedir.Ozon, oksijenin 3 atom içeren bir allotropu olup 2,07 V'luk oksidasyon potansiyeline sahiptir. Ozonun 20 °C'daki yarı ömrü suda 20 dakika, havada ise 3 gündür. Ozonun sudaki çözünürlüğü ozon konsantrasyonu ve sıcaklık ile doğru orantılı olarak değişmektedir. Ozon gazı endüstriyel ölçekte ozon jeneratörlerinde üretilir. Ozon jeneratörlerinin yerli ve yabancı birçok üreticisi ve birçok modeli ticari olarak mevcuttur. Ozon gazı endüstriyel olarak; su ve meşrubat şişelemede, gıda endüstrisinde dezenfeksiyon amaçlı, su dezenfeksiyonunda ve atık su arıtımında kullanılmaktadır.Tekstil boyama atık sularının ozonlama ile renk giderimi üzerine birçok bilimsel çalışma mevcuttur. Bunun yanında son yıllarda ozonun terbiyede kullanımı üzerine giderek artan sayıda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Ozon kullanımıyla pamuğun ağartılması, polyesterin boyama sonrası ard temizlenmesi, yünde çekmezlik, denim terbiyesi ve çeşitli liflerin terbiyesi gibi alanlarda yayınlar ve patentler mevcuttur. Tekstil terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının avantajları; ozon soğukta (oda sıcaklığında) etkin olduğu için terbiye proses suyunu ısıtma gerekliliği olmaması sonucu enerji tasarrufu, ozonlama her pH değerinde etkin olduğu için terbiye proses suyunun pH ayarlamasını gerektirmemesi ve ozonun diğer klasik kimyasalları ikame etmesi sonucu kimyasal madde tasarrufu, ozon kendiliğinden oksijene dekompoze olduğu için (3O2 ?2O3?3O2) çevre dostu üretim ve ozonlamanın boyama banyosunda yapılması durumunda su tasarrufu ve atık yükünde azalmadır.Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak ozonla muamelenin PLA'nın beyazlık, mukavemet, hidrofilite, yüzey özellikleri ve eğilme rijitliği üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak PLA liflerine boyama sonrası uygulanan klasik redüktif yıkama işlemi yerine ozon kullanımıyla ard temizleme imkanları araştırılmıştır. Ozone utilization at wet processing and finishing of PLA (Polylactic acid), which is a new and ecological fiber, and creating more environmentally textile wet processing have been aimed in this study. Polylactic acid (PLA) is an environmentally aliphatic polyester which can be derived from 100% renewable resources. PLA combines ecological advantages with very good technical performance in textiles. PLA has high mechanical strength and many characteristics similar to many other synthetic fibers. PLA exhibits good moisture management and comfort properties. PLA finds a wide range of uses from medical and pharmaceutical applications to environmentally benign film, plastics and fibers for packaging, homeware and clothing. Primary applications are in fibers, fiberfill (pillows, comforters, mattresses, duvets), apparel (sport, active, underwear and fashion wear) and nonwoven applications (agricultural and geo textiles, hygiene products, wipes). Ozone (O3) has an oxidation potential of 2.07 V. The half-life of ozone at 20 °C is 20 minutes in water and 3 days in air. Ozone is generated in ozone generators by feeding air or usually oxygen into the generator. Industrial uses are present in food industry, water treatment and wastewater treatment. Many studies had been conducted on decolorisation of textile dyeing effluents by ozone. Recent literature reports use of ozone in; pre-treatment of cotton fabrics, enhancing shrink-resist properties on wool and afterclearing of disperse dyed polyester fabrics. The advantages of ozone utilisation in textile finishing are; energy savings, chemical savings, environmentally production and water savings and decrease in wastewater pollution if ozonation is made in dyeing effluent. In the first part of the study the effects of ozonation on the whiteness, strength, hydrophobicity, surface, bending rigidity properties of PLA fabrics have been determined. In the second part of the study, ozonation of dyed PLA has been investigated as a more environmental friendly way of after clearing process.
- Published
- 2010
34. Pamuk ve poliester terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının araştırılması
- Author
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Öztürk, Dilek, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Tekstil Teknolojisi Ana Bilim Dalı, and Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Tekstil Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Ağartma ,Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Polyethylene terephthalate ,Redüktif yıkama ,Preptreatment ,Ozon ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Poliester ,Polyester ,Pamuk ,Cotton ,After clearing ,Ozone ,Ozonation ,Bleaching ,Ön terbiye - Abstract
Ozon gazı, güçlü bir oksidatif madde olup tıbbi sterilizasyon, gıda hazırlama, koku giderimi, su ve atıksu arıtımı ve denim yıkama alanlarında kullanılmaktadır. Son zamanlarda, ozonun tekstildeki uygulamaları için ağartmaya ve ard yıkamaya yönelik çalışmalar yapılmaktadır.Bu çalışmada, oksidatif bir ağartıcı olan ozonun üç farklı %100 pamuklu kumaşın kumaşın ağartılmasına yönelik etkisi ve poliesterin çeşitli haslıklarına PES kumaşın dispers boyarmaddelerle boyanmasının ardından redüktif yıkama yerine ozon kullanılmasının yıkama haslığı ve renk üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır.Pamuklu kumaşların ağartma çalışmaları süresince farklı sürelerde ozonlama yapılan kumaşlarda sıcaklığa bağlı olarak farklı beyazlık dereceleri elde edilmiştir. Ozonlama süresi artırıldığında beyazlık değerlerinin en yüksek değerlerde olduğu gözlenmiştir.Ozonlanan kumaşlar, peroksit ağartması yapılan kumaşlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Referans alınan peroksit ağartmalı kumaşın beyazlık derecesi 81- 86(Stensby) aralığında değişmekte, ozonlanan kumaşlarda ise beyazlık derecesi 47- 75(Stensby) aralığında değişmektedir. Bu aralığın geniş olması deneyde kullanılan kumaşların çeşitliliğinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Ozonlanan kumaşların iyi oranlarda beyazlık seviyelerine ulaşmasının nedeninin, ozonlama süresine ve deneyin yapıldığı sıcaklığa bağlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Ozonla ağartma deneyinin bir aşaması da pamuklu kumaşların bitçiklerinin uzaklaştırılma işlemidir. Ozonlama öncesi ve sonrası bitçik sayımlarına göre, bitçiklerde ozonlama süresine bağlı olarak değişme gözlenmiş, bitçik gideriminin ozonlama süresinin artırılmasıyla doğru orantılı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ozonlama işleminin, pamuklu dokuma kumaşlarda bitçik giderimine yeterli etkisi olmamasına rağmen, bitçik sorunu olmayan pamuklu örme kumaşlarda ozonlama sistemlerinin kullanılabileceği öngörülmektedir.Kumaşlara uygulanan hidrofilite testleri sonuçlarına göre, ozonlama süresinin artırılmasıyla kumaşların su absorbans değerlerinde artışlar gözlemlenmiştir.Ham kumaşlar için uygulanan iyotlu haşıl testinde ise ozonlamanın yeterli olmadığı görülmüştür. Fakat uzun süreli ozonlamalarda (60 ve 90 dakika) haşıl sökülme derecesinin yeterli derecede olduğu saptanmıştır.Ozonlama işleminin pamuklu kumaşın yüzeyine olan etkisinin araştırılması amacıyla ATR FT-IR analizi yapılmıştır. Bu ek denemelere göre referans kumaşlarla yüksek süreli ozonlama yapılmış kumaşlar arasında önemli bir fark görülememiştir. Bunun nedeninin deneyin temelinin lifin iç yapısı nazaran yüzeyinin araştırılmasına dayanması olduğu düşünülmektedir.Hidrofilleştirilmiş kumaşların ozonlama işlemlerinden sonra ek olarak SEM, Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu ile yüzey görüntüleri alınmış ve referans kumaşların görüntüleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre referans kumaşlarla ozonlanan kumaşlar arasında dikkate alınacak bir durum söz konusu olmamıştır.PET kumaşlarla yapılan alternatif ard temizleme işlemlerinde, ozon gazını poliester kumaş içerisinden geçmeye zorlayan bir sistem vasıtasıyla iki tip boyarmadde ile boyanmış kumaşlar ozonlanmıştır. Ozonlama işlemlerinin ardından kumaşların yıkama haslığı, mukavemet kaybı ve renk tonu farklılığı araştırılmıştır.Kumaşların ozonlama yönüne göre arka ve önleri farklı oranlarda ozon gazına maruz kaldığından kumaşların iki yüzü arasındaki renk farklılıkları da araştırılmıştır.PET kumaşlar yapılan denemelerde de poliester boyamanın ardından kısa süreler boyunca yapılan ozonlama işleminin, poliester kumaşın konvansiyonel yöntemler sonucunda alınan referans değerlerine göre incelendiğinde başarılı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kumaşların arka ve ön yüzlerinin renk farklılığı değerlerinin birbirleriyle uyumlu olması ozonun kumaşın içerisinden geçerek diğer yüze de etki edebildiğinin göstergesi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre kumaşların ön yüzlerinin renk kaybının arka yüzlerine nazaran fazla olmasının nedeni, ozonun direkt olarak bu yüzlere püskürtülmesinden kaynaklanmıştır. Bu renk farkının önemsenmeyecek boyutlarda olduğu düşünüldüğünde ozon gazının ard işlemlerde kullanılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir.Kumaşların yıkama haslığı, mukavemet kaybı ve SEM görüntüleri ele alındığında konvansiyonel yöntemlerle yapılan ard yıkama işlemlerinin sonuçlarıyla önemli farkların ortaya çıkmadığı gözlenmiştir.Sonuç olarak; pamuk ve poliester terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının başarılı olabileceğini ortaya koyan sonuçlara ulaşılmış ortaya çıkarılmış, ozonun proses optimizasyonlarıyla desteklenecek yeni yöntemlerle tekstilin birçok alanlarda ekolojik ve ekonomik çözümlerin bulunmasına olanak sağlayacağı anlaşılmıştır. Ozone is a strong oxidative gas which is generally used in medical sterilization and decolorization of effluent of texile dye bath. Recently, studies of ozone usage has devoted to bleaching of textile fabrics and afterclearing of PES treated with disperse dyes.In this study, ozone?s bleaching effects and influence on the impureness of cotton on three different types of 100% cotton fabrics are investigated. According to the variable experimental temperature, whiteness rates of cotton fabrics that were processed with ozone for different times, were observed that were multivariate during the experiment. When the ozonation time were increased, whiteness values of cotton fabrics were found more high.For researching whiteness quality, peroxide bleachings of three different groups of cotton fabrics were established and compared with the ozoned fabrics. Whiteness values of peroxide bleached fabrics that was thought as a referance, change in 81- 86(Stensby) gap and whiteness values of ozoned fabrics change in 47- 75(Stensby) gap.Gaps of both whiteness degrees of ozoned and peroxide bleached fabrics are capacious due to the variety of cotton fabrics. It?s thought that the reason of good whiteness values of fabrics are conditional with extended ozonation time and experimental temperature.Another stage of cotton fabrics? ozonation are removal processes of the impureness of cotton. According to before and after impureness determination, is found that impureness of cotton fabrics are decreased scarcely in a variety due to the increasing ozonation time. Ozonation fails to remove all the motes during cotton preparation. However, the successful bleaching of the cotton samples by ozonation is still significant. Ozonation can be used for knitted cotton goods where mote removal is not required.The water absorbency of the ozonated and hydrogen peroxide bleached greige anddesized cotton samples is measured. The increase in water absorbency of the ozonated samples is assumed to occur as a result of the oxidation of the hydrophobic impurities by ozonation.The desizing efficiency of ozonation was tested by the iodine test, and an evaluation was made according to the Tegewa scale, where 1 is the lowest rating, indicating the presence of starch size on the fabric, and 9 is the highest rating, indicating perfect desizing. In general, a desizing of 5-6 on the Tegewa scale is accepted as sufficient for the cotton to be dyed. The remaining starch size is removed during subsequent processes. Though the ozonation treatment exhibited a good desizing effect with a Tegewa rating of 5 for 60- and 90-min treatment times under the given conditions 400 ml/l gas flow rate with an ozone concentration of 5.7 ± 1.4 mg/min at room temperature), the desizing performance may be increased by process optimization.The strength loss after prolonged ozonation times was negligible. And there was no differences between the reference value of hydrogene peroxide bleached fabrics and long time ozonated fabrics.The ATR absorption spectra of scoured cotton fabrics before and after ozonation andtreatment with hydrogen peroxide was performed additionally. No significant differences were observed between the ATR spectra of these fabric samples. It should be emphasized that this observation is based on the surface of the fiber rather than the bulk.SEM micrographs of the scoured samples were taken in order to investigate the fibermorphology after experimental procedures. It is found that there is no significant changes between the 90 minutes ozonated fabrics and hydrogene peroxide bleached fabrics.As the following study, polyester fabrics were used for the trials of an alternative reductive process with ozonation instead of the conventional polyester preparation pocesses. Polyester fabrics that were dyed with two different types of disperse dyes, (The low energy levelanthraquinone disperse dye CI Disperse Blue 56, the high energy level azo disperse dye CI Disperse Blue 79), were ozonated by a system that forces the gas passes through the fabric.Polyester fabrics had % 46 water picked up value, approximately.The afterclearing process was performed room temperature with 5,7 ± 1,4 mg/min ozone at 400 ml/min ozone gas flow rate and experiments were carried out with ozonation times of 1-3-5 min at % 48 humidity for each fabric with three repetition.After the clearing experiments with ozone, strength loss, colour difference, wash fastness properties and SEM analysis for realising surface morphology were investigated.According to the test results of the polyester fabrics, colour and wash-fastness results were reached with afterclearing by ozonation for both of the tested disperse dyes from low and high energy level with 3 and 5 min ozonation in water at room temperature with no significant strength losses and surface damages.On the other hand colour difference between both faces of fabrics were analysed also with observing DE* values. However, there are no significant changes between the both faces of fabric, colour difference of the face ozonated directly has much higher values than the reverse.It can be said that ozonation afterclearing, can lead to energy and time savings since it is performed at room temperature only for 1 min and decrease of the environmental load due to avoiding the use of harsh chemicals used at conventional reduction clearing.Finally; with this study success of the ozone usage of the cotton and polyester is revealed. And this study will provide an opportunity to ecological and economical solutions in textile industry with new methods supported with process optimization of ozonation. 190
- Published
- 2010
35. Ozonun polilaktik asit (PLA) liflerine etkisi ve pla terbiyesinde ozon kullanımı
- Author
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Uysal, Pinar, Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği ,Ozone ,Textile and Textile Engineering ,Textile dyes ,Textile products ,Textile industry - Abstract
Bu çalışmada yeni ve ekolojik bir lif olan PLA (polilaktik asit) liflerinin terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının araştırılması ve terbiye işlemlerinin de ekolojik hale getirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Polilaktik asit (PLA) %100 yenilenebilir kaynaklardan elde edilebilen çevre dostu olan bir alifatik polyesterdir. PLA [(C3H4O2)n] doğal kaynaklardan (mısır, şeker pancarı, buğday, biyopolimerler vs.) elde edilerek eriyikten lif çekme yöntemiyle üretilen ilk lif olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. PLA ekolojik avantajlarla çok iyi teknik performansı bünyesinde barındıran bir tekstil lifidir. PLA lifi yüksek mukavemete sahiptir ve diğer sentetik liflerle de benzer özellikler gösterir.PLA iyi bir lif özelliği taşımasının yanında çevre dostu bir lif oluşu ve mevcut endüstriyel makinelerle ve araçlarla işlenebilme kabiliyeti sebebiyle; tekstil, plastik ve paketleme alanlarında ticari olarak giderek artan ilgi görmektedir.Ozon, oksijenin 3 atom içeren bir allotropu olup 2,07 V'luk oksidasyon potansiyeline sahiptir. Ozonun 20 °C'daki yarı ömrü suda 20 dakika, havada ise 3 gündür. Ozonun sudaki çözünürlüğü ozon konsantrasyonu ve sıcaklık ile doğru orantılı olarak değişmektedir. Ozon gazı endüstriyel ölçekte ozon jeneratörlerinde üretilir. Ozon jeneratörlerinin yerli ve yabancı birçok üreticisi ve birçok modeli ticari olarak mevcuttur. Ozon gazı endüstriyel olarak; su ve meşrubat şişelemede, gıda endüstrisinde dezenfeksiyon amaçlı, su dezenfeksiyonunda ve atık su arıtımında kullanılmaktadır.Tekstil boyama atık sularının ozonlama ile renk giderimi üzerine birçok bilimsel çalışma mevcuttur. Bunun yanında son yıllarda ozonun terbiyede kullanımı üzerine giderek artan sayıda çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Ozon kullanımıyla pamuğun ağartılması, polyesterin boyama sonrası ard temizlenmesi, yünde çekmezlik, denim terbiyesi ve çeşitli liflerin terbiyesi gibi alanlarda yayınlar ve patentler mevcuttur. Tekstil terbiyesinde ozon kullanımının avantajları; ozon soğukta (oda sıcaklığında) etkin olduğu için terbiye proses suyunu ısıtma gerekliliği olmaması sonucu enerji tasarrufu, ozonlama her pH değerinde etkin olduğu için terbiye proses suyunun pH ayarlamasını gerektirmemesi ve ozonun diğer klasik kimyasalları ikame etmesi sonucu kimyasal madde tasarrufu, ozon kendiliğinden oksijene dekompoze olduğu için (3O2 ?2O3?3O2) çevre dostu üretim ve ozonlamanın boyama banyosunda yapılması durumunda su tasarrufu ve atık yükünde azalmadır.Çalışma kapsamında ilk olarak ozonla muamelenin PLA'nın beyazlık, mukavemet, hidrofilite, yüzey özellikleri ve eğilme rijitliği üzerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak PLA liflerine boyama sonrası uygulanan klasik redüktif yıkama işlemi yerine ozon kullanımıyla ard temizleme imkanları araştırılmıştır. Ozone utilization at wet processing and finishing of PLA (Polylactic acid), which is a new and ecological fiber, and creating more environmentally textile wet processing have been aimed in this study.Polylactic acid (PLA) is an environmentally aliphatic polyester which can be derived from 100% renewable resources. PLA combines ecological advantages with very good technical performance in textiles. PLA has high mechanical strength and many characteristics similar to many other synthetic fibers. PLA exhibits good moisture management and comfort properties.PLA finds a wide range of uses from medical and pharmaceutical applications to environmentally benign film, plastics and fibers for packaging, homeware and clothing. Primary applications are in fibers, fiberfill (pillows, comforters, mattresses, duvets), apparel (sport, active, underwear and fashion wear) and nonwoven applications (agricultural and geo textiles, hygiene products, wipes).Ozone (O3) has an oxidation potential of 2.07 V. The half-life of ozone at 20 °C is 20 minutes in water and 3 days in air. Ozone is generated in ozone generators by feeding air or usually oxygen into the generator. Industrial uses are present in food industry, water treatment and wastewater treatment.Many studies had been conducted on decolorisation of textile dyeing effluents by ozone. Recent literature reports use of ozone in; pre-treatment of cotton fabrics, enhancing shrink-resist properties on wool and afterclearing of disperse dyed polyester fabrics. The advantages of ozone utilisation in textile finishing are; energy savings, chemical savings, environmentally production and water savings and decrease in wastewater pollution if ozonation is made in dyeing effluent.In the first part of the study the effects of ozonation on the whiteness, strength, hydrophobicity, surface, bending rigidity properties of PLA fabrics have been determined. In the second part of the study, ozonation of dyed PLA has been investigated as a more environmental friendly way of after clearing process. 139
- Published
- 2010
36. Surface trimer removal of polyester fibers by ozone treatment
- Author
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Pervin Anis, Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Anis, Pervin, and AAH-3948-2021
- Subjects
Environmental benefits ,Polyester fiber ,Materials science ,Ozone ,Ethylene ,Finishing ,Polymers and Plastics ,Removal rates ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Polyester ,Trimer ,Cyclic trimer ,Cyclic trimers ,Ozone treatments ,Processing ,Time saving ,Fastness properties ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozonation ,Polyethylene terephthalate fiber ,Polymer chemistry ,Oxidation ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Glass transition temperature ,Polyethylene terephthalates ,Glass transition temperatures ,Measurement ,Migration rates ,Poly (ethylene terephthalate) ,Fibers ,Polyester fibers ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Ozone treatment ,Time savings ,Treatment time ,Materials science, textiles ,Glass transition - Abstract
The oxidative ozone treatment of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers after dyeing was recently proposed as a novel afterclearing method. High fastness properties, energy and time savings, and environmental benefits were reported by the ozone treatment compared to the conventional reduction clearing. This study investigated the efficiency of the ozone treatment afterclearing process on the surface trimer removal of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers. Results indicated similar cyclic trimer [(GT)3] removal rates after 1 min ozone treatment when compared to the conventional reduction clearing; the removal rates increased at 3 min ozone treatment time. The migration rate of the cyclic trimers [(GT)3] out of the fibers was also investigated as a function of temperature and a sudden increase was observed after second glass transition temperature of poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibers rather than a linear increase.
- Published
- 2009
37. Combined use of laccase, ozone and hydrogen peroxide for cotton bleaching
- Author
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Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Aniş, Pervin, Yılmaz, Didem, Kirişçi, Şule, İnkaya, Tuğba, and AAH-3948-2021
- Subjects
Bleaching ,Cotton Fabrics ,Whiteness ,Enzim ,Ağartma ,Fabrics ,Ozon ,Laccase ,Polyester ,Lakkaz ,Cotton ,Pamuk ,Materials science ,Ozone ,Enzyme ,Enzyme activity ,Enzim aktivitesi ,Materials science, textiles - Abstract
Bu çalışmada, oksidatif bir madde olan ozonun lakkaz enzimleriyle ağartmaya etkisi, enzim aktivitesi ve beyazlık açılarından incelenmiştir. Beyazlık ölçüm sonuçları, tek başına lakkaz kullanımının beyazlıkta kayda değer bir artış sağlamadığını göstermiştir. 40°C’daki lakkaz ağartma banyosuna ozon gazı beslenmesi durumunda beyazlık değeri (Stensby) 61’den 69’a çıkmıştır. Ozon oksidatif özelliği nedeniyle enzim aktivitesini düşmüştür. Ozon tek başına kullanıldığında beyazlık değeri (Stensby) 71’e çıkmıştır. Enzim ve ozon ile işlem görmüş numunelerin beyazlıklarını artırmak için ilave peroksit ağartması yapılmış ve beyazlıklarda ciddi artışlar sağlanmıştır. Ozon ile işlem görmüş numunenin beyazlık değeri ilave peroksit ağartması sonrasında (Stensby) 83’e kadar çıkarak klasik peroksit ağartmasında ulaşılan değerleri yakalamıştır. The effects of ozone on the enzyme activity and bleaching effect of laccase have been examined in this study. Laccase treatment at 40 degrees C did not increase the whiteness of the fabric alone. However, ozone feed into the bleaching bath prepared with laccase increased the Stensby whiteness degree of the fabric from 61 to 69, ozonation alone resulted in a whiteness degree of 71. Ozone decreased the enzyme activity because of its oxidative effect. A post bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide was conducted to improve the whiteness degrees of the treated fabrics, and this resulted in increases in the whiteness degrees. The whiteness degree of the sample treated with ozone increased upto 83 (stensby) after post bleaching and reached the whiteness Value of the conventionally bleached sample.
- Published
- 2009
38. Simultaneous afterclearing and decolorisation by ozonation after disperse dyeing of polyester
- Author
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Hüseyin Aksel Eren, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, and EVF-6382-2022
- Subjects
Polyester fiber ,Ozone concentration ,Disperse Dyes ,Dyeing ,Colour Fastness ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Polyesters ,Engineering, chemical ,Effluents ,Synthetic fibers ,Dyebath decolorisation ,Conventional reduction clearing ,Dye bath ,Ozone ,Polyethylene terephthalate fiber ,Dye removal ,Oxidation ,Washfastness ,Organic chemistry ,Azo-dye ,Reagent ,Polyethylene terephthalates ,Color removal (water treatment) ,Coagulation ,Chemistry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Decolorization ,Color fastness ,Chemistry, applied ,Pulp and paper industry ,Disperse dye ,Ozonation afterclearing ,Volumetric flow rate ,Polyester ,Ozonization ,Afterclearing ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Dyed fabric ,Yield (chemistry) ,Waste-water ,H2o2/Fe2+ ,Fluorosulfonyl group ,Materials science, textiles - Abstract
A set of trials have been conducted to examine the efficiency of ozonation on afterclearing of disperse dyed poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres. Ozonation was performed in the cooled dyebath after the completion of the dyeing cycle. The ozone concentration used was 12.8 ± 0.3 mg/min at a gas flow rate of 400 ml/min. The results indicate that 3 min ozonation time is appropriate to achieve wash fastness results comparable to conventional reduction clearing. These results were obtained with simultaneous dyebath decolorisation ratios up to 67% and without significant colour yield (K/S value) losses of the dyed fabric. Ozonation periods exceeding 3 min caused significant colour yield (K/S value) losses, although dyebath decolorisation ratios increased up to 82% and wash fastness properties further improved. The chemical oxygen demand of the dyeing process decreased up to 62% by the ozonation afterclearing. The advantages of the ozonation afterclearing process are savings in terms of water, energy and time and reduction in environmental load.
- Published
- 2007
39. Effects of dyebath auxiliaries on ozonation of reactive dyeing effluents
- Author
-
Uludağ Üniversitesi/Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi/Tekstil Mühendisliği Bölümü., Eren, Hüseyin Aksel, Kurcan, Pınar, and Aniş, Pervin
- Subjects
Reaktif boyarmadde ,Ozone ,Decolorisation ,Reactive dye ,Ozon ,KOİ ,Yardımcı kimyasal madde ,Auxiliaries ,COD ,Renk giderimi - Abstract
Reaktif boyarmaddeler düşük fikse oranları nedeniyle atık suda yüksek seviyede renge neden olurlar. Atık sudan renk giderimi çalışmalarında kuvvetli bir oksidan olan ozon sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Ozonlama ile renk gideriminde pH, sıcaklık, ozon dozu ve mekanik karıştırma gibi faktörlerin yanında atık su bileşenleri de son derece önemli bir faktördür. Ozonlama çalışmaları sonuçlarının pratik şartlara uygunluğu açısından rengi giderilecek atık suda boyarmaddenin yanında bulunabilecek diğer kimyasal maddelerin etkilerinin bilinmesi gereklidir. Bu çalışmada, pratikte uygulanan proseslerde reaktif boyama banyosunda kullanılan alkali, tuz, ıslatıcı, kırık önleyici, köpük kesici ve iyon tutucu gibi yardımcı kimyasal maddelerin ozonlama yoluyla renk giderimi, ozon tüketim oranı ve KOİ giderimine etkisi CI Reactive Yellow 167 boyarmaddesi üzerinde incelenmiştir. Yardımcı kimyasal maddelerin tek tek kullanılmaları durumunda ozonlama ile renk giderimi üzerine belirgin bir etki görülmemiş, 30 dakikalık ozonlama çalışmaları sonucunda çıkış transmittans değeri %80 seviyesinde çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte yardımcı kimyasal maddelerin tümü bir arada çözeltide kullanıldığında çıkış transmittans değeri %56 seviyesine gerilemiştir. Islatıcı içeren çözeltilerdeki ozon tüketim oranlarının %15-20 daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Islatıcı maddenin atık KOİ yükünü yaklaşık olarak 2,5 kat artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Reactive dyes cause high coloration of the waste water because of their low fixation rates. Waste water decolorisation sdudies frequently emloy ozone owing to its high oxidation potential. Besides other factors such as pH, temperature, ozone dosage and mechanical agitation liquor composition is an important factor for decolorisation by ozone. It is important to know the effect of other chemicals present in the effluent to predict the appropriateness of the ozonation process to actual reactive dyeing effluents. At this study, effects of various reactive dyeing dyebath auxiliaries such as salt, sequestrants, surfactants and defoamers on decolorisation and COD reduction of CI Reactive Yellow 167 has been investigated. Final effluent transmittance values were about %80 and were not affected by individual addition of auxiliaries. However, transmittance decreased to %56 when all auxiliaries were added at the same time. Ozone utilisation ratios %15-20 increased by presence of surfactant. Meanwhile, it was determined that the surfactant presence increased COD values approximately 2,5 times.
- Published
- 2007
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