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Aim: To evaluate levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) and to examine relations with degrees of AMI-related intestinal injury., Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group I and Group III represented the control groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after laparotomy without superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation. Group II and Group IV constituted the ischemia groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after SMA ligation. The ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were investigated in each group. Ileum specimens were assessed in terms of ischemic injury, and appropriate comparisons were performed., Results: Significantly higher GRP78, CHOP, TOS, and TAS values were determined in the ischemia groups (groups II and IV) compared to the control groups (groups I and III). This elevation was greater in the 6 h ischemia group, the group exposed to the greatest ischemic injury (Group IV). Significant and powerful correlation was present between histopathological damage and levels of the ER stress markers and oxidative markers., Conclusion: According to our results, ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) increase significantly following ischemic injury. This elevation has the potential to be used diagnostically and also in prognostic terms due to the powerful correlation it exhibits with AMI-related ischemic injury., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme abundantly expressed in neutrophils. It catalyses the reaction between chloride and hydrogen peroxide to generate a potent oxidant, hypochlorous acid. However, excessive generation of MPO-derived oxidants has been linked to tissue damage and in the initiation and progression of diseases such as cancer which arise from chronic inflammation. 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is the most commonly detected marker of biological nitration. MPO-dependent or -independent mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of 3-NT at inflammatory sites. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in MPO, 3-NT and total nitric oxide (NO) levels in lung cancer. 3-NT and MPO were detected by competitive Elisa method and total NO was detected by modified Griess method in serum samples of patients with lung cancer (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 25). Although the levels of MPO were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p = 0.002), we did not find any statistically differences in the levels of total NO and 3-NT. There was no correlation among parameters. We observed that smoking affects all parameters, especially MPO activity, in the patients. Increased MPO levels in lung cancer patients may result in excessive generation of MPO-derived oxidants due to the chronic inflammation. Elevated MPO levels in smokers may be due to the pro-inflammatory effects of the cigarette smoke. On the other hand, similar levels of 3-NT in patients and controls may be due to resistance of proteins to oxidative damage than other biomolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]