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Depression is a modern world epidemic. Its main causative factor is oxidative stress, as reported in study subjects. Natural products are yet to show significant therapeutic effects in comparison with synthetic drugs. Current study deals with the preparation of brain-targeted polysorbate-80-coated curcumin PLGA nanoparticles (PS-80-CUR-NP), and their characterisation via Spectral and optical methods. PS-80-CUR-NP were evaluated against the oxidative stress-mediated depressant (OSMD) activity via Force despair, Tail suspension tests and stress biomarker assay (SOD and catalase activity). A significant reduction in immobility (p < 0.01) in force despair and tail suspension test and a significant increase (p < 0.001 andp < 0.01) in SOD and catalase activity was found and compared with stress control, which confirmed the OSMD activity of PS-80-CUR-NP at 5 mg equivalent dose. Further, AUC(0.5–15 h) curve of brain homogenates estimated the curcumin concentration of 1.73 ng/gC maxatT max 3 h via HPLC technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was intended to evaluate the effects of Paeonia emodi rhizome extracts on serum triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The plant was extensively examined for its in vitro antioxidant activity, and the preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out using standard protocols. Male Wistar rats were induced with hyperlipidemia using high-fat diet and were treated orally with hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts at the dose of 200mg/kg bw for 30 days. TGs, TC, LDL-c, and AI were significantly reduced while HDL-c, SOD, and GPx levels rose to a considerable extent. After subjecting to acute toxicity testing, the extracts were found to be safe. The observations suggest antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of P. emodi in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic/oxidative stressed rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer is a fast growing disease with imprecise chemical treatments. Increased oxidative stress, decrease in acetylcholine concentration, and appearance of amyloidal proteins are reported in pathology of Alzheimer. Chemical drugs are effective but on the cost of detrimental side effects. Purpose: Present research is based on Preparation, characterization, behavioral and biochemical evaluation of brain targeted Piperine solid lipid nanoparticles in an experimentally induced Alzheimer's model at a low dose of 2 mg/kg. Methods: Piperine solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by Emulsification-Solvent Diffusion technique with polysorbate-80 coating to impart Brain specific targeting. Experimental Ibotenic acid induced Alzheimer's, Force swimming test, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholenesterase enzymatic assays and also Histopathology of brain cortex was conducted to evaluate the Piperine therapeutic effects in Alzheimer's Disease. Results: Piperine in solid lipid nanoformulation (2 mg/kg equivalent) reduced the SOD values by 504 ± 44.24 m units, p < 0.05, increased the acetylcholenesterase values by 29.24 ± 4.29 µg/mg, p < 0.01 and reduced immobility to 41.36 ± 3.53 s, p < 0.001 and has shown superior results than Donepezil (5 mg/kg). Histopathology studies revealed the reduced plaques and tangles. Conclusions: P-80-PIP-SLN has shown therapeutic effects in Alzheimer via reducing the oxidative stress and reducing the cholinergic degradation at 2 mg/kg dose equivalent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by a dysfunction of pancreatic β -cells. It is well documented that oxidative stress and inflammation increase the severity of DM and its complications can be fatal. Research shows that certain triterpenoids can play a significant role in the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we isolated a novel triterpenoid glochidon, from the Phyllanthus debilis Klein ex Willd. (Family: Phyllanthaceae) using traditional column chromatography and characterized using spectroscopy. The compound was tested for antidiabetic activity through in vitro and in vivo experiments followed by computational studies. In vitro assays confirmed that glochidon has a dose-dependent moderate inhibitory activity against α -glucosidase, α -amylase, DPP-4, and PPAR- γ. Docking and MD results also show that glochidon has moderate efficacy to inhibit DPP-4 and PPAR- γ, when compare to standard agents and a strong tendency to interact with the GLUT1 protein. Computational ADME profiling determined that glochidon has excellent characteristics to act as a lead hypoglycemic compound. Results of the in vivo experiments show that at a dose of 20 mg/kg, glochidon significantly increased body weight, plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein levels, and other biochemical markers. Additionally, it lowered the blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein. [Display omitted] • A novel triterpene, glochidon, is isolated from Phyllanthus debilis. • In vivo studies illustrated that glochidon can effectively reduce/plasma blood glucose, and effectively participate in pancreatic β cells repair. • Computational studies showed that glochidon has a modest to strong affinity to interact with DPP-4, PPAR-γ, and GLUT-1 proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]