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This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium by‐product (ACBP) on growth performance and immune response in weaning piglets. Total available content and antioxidant capacity of ACBP were determined. Ninety‐six black pigs were randomly distributed to 24 pens. Study compared four groups which were supplemented with ACBP at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% for 6 weeks after weaning at 4 weeks. Results showed that ACBP on total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenoids contents were 13.68 mg GAE/g DW, 1.67 μg QE/g DW, and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. Weaning piglets fed 2.5% ACBP showed a significant decreased body weight gain compared with those supplemented with 5% ACBP, 10% ACBP, and control groups. Results showed that all ACBP groups increased the villi height of jejunum significantly. Incidence of diarrhea in 11 weeks with supplementation with 5% and 10% ACBP diets were lower than in control group. The 10% ACBP group showed significantly lower expression of immune response genes (IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ) than the 2.5% and 5% ACBP groups. Based on results, dietary supplementation with 10% ACBP did not significantly affect body weight but could decrease piglet diarrhea condition and expression of IL‐1β and IL‐6 genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bananas are one of the most popular fruits worldwide, producing over 100 million tons in 2013. Banana peel, a byproduct that represents 40% of the entire banana's weight, is rich in bioactive compounds and has a high antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use banana peel powder (BPP) as an antioxidant broiler feed additive. The bioactive compound and antioxidant capacity of BPP were determined. The results showed that BPP contained 872.7 GAE/100 g DM of total phenolic content, and gallocatechin was detected at a concentration of 91 mg/100 g DM, and BPP's ferrous chelating ability, ferric ion reducing ability power, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity indicated its high antioxidant capacity. A total of 216 one-day-old Ross 308 female broiler chicks were randomly assigned to one of four groups that received the basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% dry BPP for 35 d. The results showed that the 0.5% BPP-supplemented group had increased serum SOD activity and lowered serum malondialdehyde levels, while the liver mRNA expression of Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GPx, and HO-1 were upregulated in the 0.5% and 1% BPP-supplemented groups. In conclusion, the current study shows that BPP has a potent antioxidant capacity and dietary supplementation with 0.5% BPP enhances antioxidative status, suggesting that BPP has potential as an antioxidant feed additive. Banana peel has abundant bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Banana peel enhance the antioxidant status of broilers by up-regulating Nrf2/ARE associated genes. Banana peel has potential as an antioxidant feed additive in broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Mushroom waste compost is the main byproduct when cultivating mushrooms. Due to its high mycelium content, mushroom waste compost may improve animal health by increasing antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that supplementing animal diets with fiber could improve body composition and health. The results showed that supplementation with mushroom waste compost accelerates adipolysis and enhances the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Among all treatment groups, broilers given dietary supplementation with 0.5% mushroom waste compost showed improved feed conversion rate and the highest adipose metabolism. Pennisetum purpureum Schum No. 2 waste mushroom compost (PWMC) is the main byproduct when cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Due to the high mycelium levels in PWMC, it may have potential as a feed supplement for broilers. This study investigated the effects of PWMC supplementation on antioxidant capacity and adipose metabolism in broilers. In the study, 240 broilers were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: basal diet (control), 0.5%, 1%, or 2% PWMC supplementation. Each treatment group had 60 broilers, divided into three replicates. The results showed that supplementation with 0.5% PWMC decreased the feed conversion rate (FCR) from 1.36 to 1.28, compared to the control. Supplementation with 0.5% or 2% PWMC decreased glucose and triglyceride levels, compared to the control (p < 0.0001), the concentrations of adiponectin and oxytocin increased from 5948 to 5709, 11820, and 7938 ng/ mL; and 259 to 447, 873, and 963 pg/ mL, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 was slightly increased in the 0.5% and 1% PWMC groups. Both interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) were significantly decreased, by about three to five times for IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and 1.1 to 1.6 times for IL-1ß (p = 0.0002). All antioxidant-related mRNA, including nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and superoxidase dismutase-1 (SOD-1), increased significantly following PWMC supplementation. Both claudin-1 and zonula occludens 1 increased, especially in the 2% PWMC group. Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) significantly increased by about 5, 12, and 11 times in the 0.5%, 1%, and 2% PWMC groups. All adipolysis-related mRNA were induced in the PWMC treatment groups, further enhancing adipolysis. Overall, 0.5% PWMC supplementation was recommended due to its improving FCR, similar antioxidant capacity, and upregulated adipolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]