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Simple Summary: Real-world studies comparing TNT and CRT are vital for advancing the treatment of LARC. Our study provides valuable insights reflecting the diverse patient populations and varied clinical practices encountered and demonstrates the advantage of TNT, providing a superior alternative to standard CRT and potentially enhancing treatment outcomes and quality of life. Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has emerged as a promising approach for managing locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), aiming to enhance resectability, increase pathological complete response (pCR), improve treatment compliance, survival, and sphincter preservation. This study compares the clinical outcomes of TNT, with either induction or consolidation chemotherapy, to those of the standard chemoradiotherapy (CRT). In this retrospective multi-institutional study, patients with stage II-III LARC who underwent CRT or TNT from seven oncology centers between 2021 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The TNT group was categorized into induction or consolidation groups based on the sequence of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Clinical and pathological data and treatment outcomes, including pCR, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS), were analyzed. Among the 276 patients, 105 received CRT and 171 underwent TNT. The TNT group showed significantly higher pCR (21.8% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.001) and lower lymphatic (26.3% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.009), vascular (15.8% vs. 32.7%, p = 0.002), and perineural invasion rates (20.3% vs. 37.6%, p = 0.003). Furthermore, 16.9% of TNT patients opted for non-operative management (NOM), compared to 0.9% in the CRT group (p < 0.001). The median interval between the end of radiotherapy and surgery was longer in the TNT group (17.6 weeks vs. 8.8 weeks, p < 0.001). The 3-year EFS was 58.3% for CRT and 71.1% for TNT (p = 0.06). TNT is associated with higher pCR, lower lymphatic and vascular invasion rates, and higher rates of NOM compared to CRT. This supports the use of TNT as a viable treatment strategy for LARC, offering potential benefits in quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We investigated the effects of demographic characteristics and clinicopathologic factors on survival in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC). Methods: We enrolled 320 patients treated for mNSCLC between January 2012 and December 2023. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for all parameters for prognostic evaluation. Results: Among 320 patients; median age was 63 years. Either presence of bone metastasis (p=0.005), brain metastasis (p=0.024), liver metastasis (p=0.08) and the number of metastasis is 3 or more (p=0.02) were associated with better PFS in univariate analysis. ECOG performance status 0-1 (p=0.001), de novo metastatic disease (p=0.05), bone metastasis (p=0.001), brain metastasis (p=0.016), liver metastasis (p=0.00), also the number of metastasis 3 or more (p=0.001) and use of immunotherapy (p=0.00) were related with longer OS. In multivariate analysis, either presence of brain metastasis (HR:1.50, 95% CI:1.13-1.99, p=0.004), liver metastasis (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.06-2.21, p=0.02), number of metastatic site (HR:0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97, p=0.03) and use of immunotherapy (HR:0.37, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.52, p=0.00) remained significant predictors of OS. Conclusion: Our results showed that liver and brain metastasis, number of metastatic site and use of immunotherapy were assosiated with survival and these can be used as stratification factors when designing randomized clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]