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Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed based on chronic anovulation, androgen excess (clinical and/or biochemical), and polycystic ovaries in ultrasound. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which parameters in the transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) of ovaries could be better associated with concurrent hormonal imbalance in the women with PCOS. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, this study focused on 61 subjects (18–40 years) with PCOS. Patients were recruited at three academic hospitals during the 2017–2019 period. PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam criteria. The association of ovarian morphology with hormonal and metabolic feature was investigated using linear regression models, adjusted for a set of possible confounding variables including age, mensuration status and body mass index (BMI). Results The mean volume of both ovaries was positively associated with the total testosterone level (β = 0.025, P value

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is diagnosed based on chronic anovulation, androgen excess (clinical and/or biochemical), and polycystic ovaries in ultrasound. The aim of the present study was to evaluate which parameters in the transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) of ovaries could be better associated with concurrent hormonal imbalance in the women with PCOS. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, this study focused on 61 subjects (18–40 years) with PCOS. Patients were recruited at three academic hospitals during the 2017–2019 period. PCOS was defined according to the Rotterdam criteria. The association of ovarian morphology with hormonal and metabolic feature was investigated using linear regression models, adjusted for a set of possible confounding variables including age, mensuration status and body mass index (BMI). Results: The mean volume of both ovaries was positively associated with the total testosterone level (β = 0.025, P value < 0.001), free androgen index (β = 0.041, P value < 0.001) and luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio (β = 0.032, P value = 0.004), even after adjustments made for age, mensuration status and BMI (fully-adjusted model). In contrast, in the fully-adjusted model, antral follicle count (AFC), follicle number per ovary (FNPO), ovarian area, stromal area, and ratio of stromal area to ovarian area (S/A) were not associated with androgen levels and LH/FSH ratio. In addition, after full adjustments, ovarian volume, AFC, FNPO, ovarian area, stromal area and S/A were not associated with insulin resistance, which was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Conclusion: Increased ovarian volume is, thus, highly predictive of hyperandrogenemia and high LH/FSH ratio in PCOS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), ovarian morphology, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and testosterone levels in young nulliparous Korean women. Materials and Methods: A total of 139 PCOM patients were evaluated from 2013 to 2018. The relationships between serum AMH levels and androgenic hormones, clinical signs of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and ovarian morphology were investigated. Results: Irregular menstruation was the most common symptom in women with PCOM. This study found that hyperandrogenism was present in 26.6% of nulliparous Korean women with PCOM. The present findings support the use of serum AMH as a useful marker to reflect PCOM in cases where accurate ultrasounds are not available. Conclusions: This study found that PCOM did not equate with PCOS, although PCOM is one of the diagnostic criteria for PCOS. AMH levels were positively correlated with ovarian volume and AMH levels were not reflected by hyperandrogenism. Content: The use of serum AMH as a useful marker to reflect PCOM in cases where accurate ultrasounds are not available.

Background: To measure the effect of age on ovarian and uterine morphology in infertile women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) Methods: In this observational cross sectional study 100 primary infertile women with PCOs (confirmed by ultrasonography) were subdivided into two age groups. Group-I included between age groups 20-30 years and Group II ranged from 31- 40 years. The ovarian volume (OV), follicles count (FC) and size (FS), uterine area (UA) and endometrial thickness (Endo) were determined by ultrasonography. Results: The ovarian morphology showed a significant decrease in group II; the OV transabdominally was 14.26± 2.42 vs 10.56±1.0 (0.001) and transvaginally 14.93±2.55 vs 11.75±1.06 (0.001). The FC was 14.00±1.60 vs 12.3±0.78 (0.023) and FS was 8.23±8.9vs 3.29±6.9 (0.001). The uterine morphology however showed a significant increase in group II. The UA was 88.79±5.83 vs 119.71±22.83 (0.001) and endo was 0.56±0.10 vs 0.67±0.12 (0.001) Conclusion: The ovarian morphology variables which include OV, FC and FS decreases in the older infertile group of women with PCOs but the uterine morphology variables showed an increase in area with thickening of endometrium in the older group.

Objective: To compare the morphology of pelvic reproductive organs between fertile and infertile women with polycystic ovaries. Methodology: This cross sectional comparative study was performed at Rahat Hospital, Karsaz Karachi from January 2008 to December 2008. In which 100 women diagnosed with polycystic ovaries identified by ultrasound were inducted for the study; 50 were fertile and 50 were infertile (20-40 years). Transabdominal scan (TAS) was performed to rule out abnormalities other than PCO. Ovarian volume (OV) in cm3, follicle count (FC) and size (FS) in mm, uterine area (UA) in cm², endometrial thickness (Endo) in mm were measured and noted by transvaginal scanning (TVS) ; Basal Metabolic Rate (BMI) was calculated and correlated with endometrial thickness. Unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation were used for analysis. Result: In the total fertile and infertile women with PCO the following result was obtained OV-TAS 7.33 ±3.17 vs. 10.87±2.49(0.001), OV-TVS 8.79±2.19 vs. 12.44±2.36(0.001), FC 14.41±2.18 vs. 14.75±2.80 (0.245), FS 3.26±0.22 vs. 8.99±0.45 (0.001), BMI 25.6±4.7vs. 27.6±5.7(0.04), UA 86.9±25.7 vs. 117.2±29.0(0.001) and Endo 4.5±1.4 vs 5.8±1.9(0.052). BMI and endometrial thickness showed a positive correlation with 'r' value of 0.06(0.05) in the infertile women and a negative correlation with 'r' value of - 0.40(0.05) in fertile women. Conclusion: The OV, FS, BMI, UA and Endo show a significant increase in the infertile women who are suffering from PCO. However the FC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The BMI and endometrial thickness has shown a positive correlation with infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the accuracy of ovarian volume, antral follicle count and age in predicting menopausal status in healthy women.Methods: The cross-sectional study was set in the Gynecology Division at the Leonor Mendes de Barros Maternity Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. The subjects of this study were premenopausal (n = 121) and postmenopausal (n = 71) healthy women aged between 40 and 55 years. They were submitted to a medical interview and transvaginal ultrasound examination. The ovarian volume (cm3), antral follicle count and chronological age were recorded in both groups and the accuracies of these parameters in predicting menopausal status were compared.Results: Premenopausal women presented larger ovaries than postmenopausal women (p < 0.01). Premenopausal women had a higher number of antral follicles than postmenopausal women (p < 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic curves showed that ovarian volume, age and antral follicle count had similar sensitivities and specificities in predicting menopausal status. The best cut-off points were observed when ovarian volume was <4 cm3, age was > or =48 years and antral follicle count was < or = two follicles.Conclusions: Ovarian volume, antral follicle count and chronological age are all individually predictive of menopausal status, with similar accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]