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Background: Previous studies in the general population observed that compared with non-Hispanic White women, Pacific Islander and Black women have higher age-adjusted mortality rates from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), while Asian American patients have lower mortality. We investigated whether race and ethnicity is associated with differences in EOC survival in a United States Military population where patients have equal access to healthcare., Methods: This retrospective study included women diagnosed with EOC between 2001 and 2018 among Department of Defense beneficiaries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for age and year of diagnosis, histology and stage., Results: In our study population of 1230 invasive EOC cases (558 non-Hispanic White, 74 non-Hispanic Black, 73 Asian, 30 Pacific Islander and 36 Hispanic cases), 63% of the women died (all-cause death) after a mean = 4.8 years (SD = 4.1) of follow-up following diagnosis. Compared with non-Hispanic White cases, Asian cases had better overall survival, HR = 0.76 (95% CI = 0.58-0.98), whereas there were no differences in survival for other racial and ethnic groups., Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to investigate how differences in access to healthcare may influence observed racial and ethnic disparities for EOC., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests a relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer have identified 16 and 27 risk regions, respectively, four of which overlap between the two cancers. We aimed to identify joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci by performing a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from these two cancers., Methods: Using LDScore regression, we explored the genetic correlation between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. To identify loci associated with the risk of both cancers, we implemented a pipeline of statistical genetic analyses (i.e., inverse-variance meta-analysis, colocalization, and M-values) and performed analyses stratified by subtype. Candidate target genes were then prioritized using functional genomic data., Results: Genetic correlation analysis revealed significant genetic correlation between the two cancers ( r G = 0.43, P = 2.66 × 10 -5 ). We found seven loci associated with risk for both cancers ( P Bonferroni < 2.4 × 10 -9 ). In addition, four novel subgenome-wide regions at 7p22.2, 7q22.1, 9p12, and 11q13.3 were identified ( P < 5 × 10 -7 ). Promoter-associated HiChIP chromatin loops from immortalized endometrium and ovarian cell lines and expression quantitative trait loci data highlighted candidate target genes for further investigation., Conclusions: Using cross-cancer GWAS meta-analysis, we have identified several joint endometrial and ovarian cancer risk loci and candidate target genes for future functional analysis., Impact: Our research highlights the shared genetic relationship between endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer. Further studies in larger sample sets are required to confirm our findings., (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)

Background: Prophylactic salpingectomy has been heavily promoted based on the theory that serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma is a precursor lesion for serous ovarian carcinoma. However, the validity of prophylactic salpingectomy has yet to be proven through adequate research. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the completeness of salpingectomy intended for ovarian cancer risk reduction., Materials and Methods: Women without a history of ovarian cancer who were undergoing salpingoophorectomy at a single institution in Honolulu, Hawaii were enrolled in this study. Salpingectomy was performed prior to oophorectomy. A blinded pathologist then examined the ovaries for the presence of residual salpingeal tissue. Data collected included type of surgery (minimally invasive or laparotomy) and level of surgeon (attending or resident). Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test., Results: A total of 107 ovaries were examined. Following salpingectomy, 5.6% (n = 6/107) of ovaries had residual salpingeal tissue present and 94.4% (n = 101/107) of ovaries were absent of salpingeal tissue. Of the ovaries with residual salpingeal tissue, there was no difference in level of surgeon (attending n = 3/107, resident n = 3/107, p = 1.0) or type of surgery (minimally invasive n = 5/107, laparotomy n = 1/107, p = 0.42)., Discussion: This is the largest blinded study ever conducted to examine ovaries for residual salpingeal tissue after salpingectomy. In addition, this is the only study to compare learner versus attending outcomes in this setting. This study found that over 94% of salpingectomies resulted in complete removal of salpingeal tissue. Of the ovaries with residual salpingeal tissue, there wasn't a difference among surgeon level and surgery type, but the study was not powered to detect this. This study supports the continued clinical practice of prophylactic salpingectomy for ovarian cancer risk reduction., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)