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Kuittinen T, Wiklund T, Remes K, Elonen E, Lehtinen T, Kuittinen O, Leppä S, Putkonen M, Räty R, Turpeenniemi-Hujanen T, Nousiainen T, Jantunen E. Outcome of progressive disease after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a nation-wide survey. Eur J Haematol 2005: 75: 199–205. © Blackwell Munksgaard 2005. Objectives: To analyse outcome and prognostic factors in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients who progress after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Patients: Altogether 115 consecutive NHL patients transplanted in 1991–2000 were studied. Histology included diffuse large B cell ( n = 52), follicular ( n = 26), mantle cell ( n = 15), T cell ( n = 16) and other subtypes ( n = 6). The median time from ASCT to the progression was 7 months. Ninety-six patients (83%) received salvage treatment. Results: Twenty-four patients (25%) achieved complete remission and 30 (31%) partial remission. The median overall survival was 8 months (range 0–98+) and the projected 4-year survival 21%. In multivariate analysis factors predicting treatment response after the progression included the use of rituximab ( P = 0.036), histology other than diffuse large B cell ( P = 0.001) and International Prognostic Index ≤2 at progression ( P < 0.001). Normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at progression ( P = 0.002), response to salvage treatment ( P < 0.001) and time from ASCT to progression ≥7 months ( P = 0.022) were predictors for overall survival. Conclusions: Although the prognosis of patients who progress after ASCT is generally poor, many patients will respond to current therapies, and some may experience prolonged survival. Normal LDH at time of disease progression and longer time to progression after ASCT were the most powerful predictors for a promising outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]