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Oropouche fever is an infectious disease caused by an arbovirus called Orthobunyavirus oropoucheensis (OROV). It was first isolated in Brazil in 1955 and has since been reported in various states in Brazil, including an increase of 448.86% in positive cases in 2024 compared to 2023. The primary vector for OROV is Culicoides paraenses, although other mosquito species can also transmit the virus. The clinical manifestations of Oropouche fever are similar to other arboviruses, but there is no specific treatment or vaccine available. The disease has emerged in Espírito Santo, a coastal state in Brazil, with several positive cases identified. Prevention measures include environmental management and individual protection. [Extracted from the article]

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by mosquitoes, has been a persistent health issue in Brazil. Recently, there has been an increase in cases of DENV-3 and DENV-4, in addition to the historically prevalent types 1 and 2. This may be due to changing climate patterns that favor the Aedes mosquito, the main vector for dengue transmission. The Brazilian Ministry of Health has reported a significant increase in dengue cases, with over 1.3 million possible cases in November 2023. The lack of diagnosed serotypes in most cases raises concerns about underreporting and the circulation of certain dengue serotypes. The recent outbreak of DENV-3 in São Paulo, after a 15-year absence, is particularly concerning and increases the risk of severe complications. It is important to enhance preventive strategies, especially for travelers to endemic regions, and collaborate on surveillance, research, and public health interventions to mitigate the impact of dengue fever. [Extracted from the article]