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The purpose of this study was to investigate the osseointegration aspects of alkali-treated implants by histological and bone morphometric evaluations. Titanium implants (control) and alkali hydrothermally-treated titanium implants were used. Samples were evaluated by surface structure observation and wettability tests. Both implants were placed into the femurs of five rabbits, and osseointegration was assessed by measurement of removal torque (RT), bone–implant contact ratio (BIC), and bone tissue area ratio (BTA). Measurements were performed at the whole portion around the implant, the cortical bone portion, and the bone marrow portion. The surface structure of alkali-group showed nanoscale pores and super hydrophilicity. RT, BIC, and BTA values of alkali-group were significantly higher than those of control-group at the whole portion. In the cortical bone portion, the BIC value was higher in the alkali-group than in the control-group, and BTA showed no significant difference between groups. In the bone marrow portion, even though no significant difference between control and alkali groups, the latter had higher ratio of BIC than the former. These results indicate that alkali treated implants enhance bone integration in areas where the implant is in contact with bone, and may promote osteoinduction in the non-bone marrow portion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After bone resection surgery, bone defects accompanied with loss of teeth, it is required not only bone reconstruction but also occlusal function by prosthesis such as dental implant. The authors have revealed that novel porous titanium (Ti) has good mechanical strength and osteoconductivity because of three‐dimensional structure. Aim/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration abilities of implants placed in novel porous Ti. Material and Methods: For the bone reconstruction material, porous Ti (φ6 mm in outer, φ2 mm in inner diameter × 4 mm, hollow cylindrical shape) fabricated by Ti impregnation technique. The same shape of porous hydroxyapatite was used as control. Bone defect (φ6 mm × 4 mm) were prepared in both femurs of male New Zealand White rabbits (17 weeks old) and each graft material was placed (_I_n_i_ = 4). Four weeks after first surgery, an implant socket was prepared in the hollow part of the graft material, and a pure Ti implant (φ2 mm × 4 mm) was implanted. Four weeks after implantation, non‐decalcified specimens were prepared, and toluidine blue staining was applied. We performed the histological observation and histomorphometric evaluations, bone formation ratio and bone implant contact ratio (BIC) (_I_n_i_ = 4). All data were statistically analyzed at the 5% significance level using Student's _I_T_i_ test. (Approved by Hiroshima University animal experiment ethics committee‐ A11‐5‐5.) Results: New bone formation was observed in both groups, and there is no significant difference in bone formation ratio. Also, osseointegration was observed at the bone‐implant interface, and BIC was also no significant difference. Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Novel porous Ti has good mechanical strength and enough for bone formation scaffold. Moreover, it could be able to achieve osseointegration at bone reconstructed site by the porous Ti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]