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This research explores the state of the Persians living in Eskişehir from the mid 19th century until the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Home to immigrants from Crimea, Caucasia and Rumelia in the past, the town of Eskişehir did also host the Iranian subjects for a while. Some of the Persians coming to Anatolia as part of the process of migration to neigboring countries around mid 19 th century settled in the town of Eskişehir for trade. The story of these Persian can be followed through Ottoman archival documents. These documents, however, are classified under two categories, one dealing with the consulate responsible for commercial affairs (shahbandar), the other assigned to internal affairs such as a marriages, debts and loans and other transactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kiğı, a district of Bingöl which was dominated by many states throughout history, was conquered by the Ottomans in 1514. After this date, many township and villages and settlement attached to these townships were formed as a liva/sanjak. As it is known, the registers of Tapu Tahrir and Maliyeden Müdevver are among the important archival materials with firsthand sources for the researches to be conducted especially in the field of social and economic history of Ottoman history. The part of Kiğı, which is registered in the Ottoman Archives at 5152 and dated 1052/1642, which is on the pages 1046-1120 of the registers of Maliyeden Müdevver constitutes the source of this study. In this study, Muslim and non-Muslim population living in the center and villages of Kiğı town, households with and without tax, timar owners, sipahizâdeler, sayyids, imams, foundation officials, some congregations and tribes were identified and information about these books. it is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kayacık and its environs, which were seen among the districts of Saruhan Sanjak during the Ottoman Empire period, have been witnessed the settlements from ancient times, and entered the sovereignty of Turkish with Saruhanoğulları Principality. In our study, the settlements of Kayacık district and its population and foundation Works are examined comparatively in the light of the cadastral recordbooks with their features of the first and second half of the XVI. century. In the second half of the XVI. century, the population in the citycenter has increased approximately twice, while the population of the ruralareas is beginning to decline. In the firsthalf of the XVI. century, the number of villages with more than forty villages in the rural part of Kayacık district continued in these condhalf. In the district with a population of 5146 people in 1531, it was understood that there was an increase of 55 persons in 1575 and the population rose to approximately 5201. However, we also understand that the population decline in rural areas of Kayacık district has accelerate dover time and the town has lost its status and became a village today. It is believed that the study will contribute to the population and settlement history of the Ottoman Empire in the context of Kayacık district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gördük, which used to be one of the districts of Saruhan Sanjak in 16th century, is also the namesake of the city which is the center of the district. Gördük district, which did not gain territorial continuity unlike Demirci, Gördes and Akhisar districts, disappeared within time but is commemorated in a river named after it located in Akhisar. In 16th century, the district used to be located to the west of Gördes and Kayacık districts, and to the north of Manisa and Akhisar districts. In this study, mainly the demographic structure of Gördük district as of 16th century is discussed. Gördük district consisting of a single neighborhood and the rural area inhabited by a large part of the district population is comparatively analyzed; the number of people living in the district, their areas of settlement, professions and exemptions are surveyed as a whole. Thereby, the study contributes to enlightening of the demographic structure of Ottoman Empire and Saruhan Sanjak, as well as that of the Gördük district. The main sources of our study consist of registration books registered with numbers of 165 and 398 in Prime Ministry Ottoman Archive, and with numbers of 115 and 544 in General Directorate of Land Registers immemorial registration archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sivas was the administrative center of the region first called Eyalet-i Rüm (Province of Romans) and subsequently Sivas Province (named after the city) during the Ottoman period. There are only a limited number of studies/researches on Sivas, despite its certain significance as an administrative center during the Ottoman period. The present study aims to investigate the demographic structure of the city before the Tanzimat (Reorganization) period. The basic resource of the study is the two population ledgers as registered upon the results of the census conducted in Sivas, in 1833. The Muslim and non-Muslim populations of the city had been registered in separate books during the census. The demographic structure of the city before the Tanzimat period was ascertained in detail upon assessment of the data obtained from the above ledgers. Accordingly, the first part of the study involves the determining the citywide size of population and households as well as a review of the city population in terms of such attributes as age, occupation, religion, and language. The second part focuses on the horizontal population movements in the city. A detailed review of the data obtained from the population ledgers suggests that the city had two-way horizontal population movements, i.e. there was migration both into and out of the city. Two concepts are used in reviewing the horizontal population movements: People migrating into the city are called migrants and those migrating out of the city are called gurbetçi (expats). Both the migrants and gurbetçi areseparately examined as regards occupation, age, and ethnic/religious origins. Furthermore, the situation of the migrants and gurbetçi in the general population is also reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malatia had a strategic position for the Turkish armies raiding Anatolia. The city has a position that can control eastern trade routes. In addition, it is an important city of Byzantium's defence line from east to south. After the Battle of Manzikert, Armenians started to settle in Malatia under the command of Phileratos. But they could never become a sovereign state in this region. Malatia and its surrounding areas fully joined Ottoman State during the reign of Sultan Selim the Stern. The city was organized as a district under the Ottoman State. Cadastral records indicate that there were Armenians in the region both in the city centre and in the villages. Upon studying archive records, it was determined that Armenians lived in the villages of the sub-districts of Malatia in widespread rural areas. It was found that Armenians were living in four quarters of the city as minority compared to Muslim population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ilgın, Akşehir, Beyşehir and the vicinity were the Karamnoğulları's first annexed areas by the Ottomans. The Ottomans made tahrir in this region between 1465-466 and determined the region's taxation capacities. The Ottomans gave the timar livelihoods to the Ottoman sipahis instead of the Karaman sipahis. In addition to waqfs and properties which was given by Karamanoğlu İbrahim Bey, tax exemptions, charging etc. were saved by the Ottomans. Information and sources like these are densely seen in Karaman tahrir, waqf and property books. In the tahrir mentioned above, Ilgın appears as a county administration with 33 affiliated villages. The center of this administration was the center of Ilgın. The market, the dyehouse and the mosque in this place were important to show the formation of a city. The most important economic activity in Ilgın and vicinity was agriculture, also like as the period's general economic activity in Anatolia. The fields which were cultivated were mostly ''çift''. The harvested grain which were shared to per head, where sometimes more or smaller than the other places in Anatolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

19th century is a period in which besides political dynamism, social changes have also accelerated. In this century, the migrations from the surrounding countries towards the Ottoman territories were the main triggering factors, effecting the social changes. The contribution of the emigrants in formation of Turkey, who came to Anatolia during the transition period from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic, can not be denied. From the mid of the 19th century, the emigrants who came from Caucasia have accepted the Ottoman State their new homeland. During the recent years, that migrations have been scrutinized by the researchers in several respects. In this work, the migrations from Caucasia in 19th century and the settlements of the emigrants were generally evaluated. Main sources of this work are generally original, and researches and verbal sources are also included. Here and there, in examining the migrations and its sources, new approaches concerning the methodology were also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire has always been a debatable issue. These discussions which also continue today, especially focus on what the Armenian population has been before and after the relocation. Taking this into consideration, the first step would be to determine the Armenian population before the relocation and the outcome of the population researches carried out during the Ottoman period. As a result, the following article deals with the history of Ottoman population researches and what the Armenian population has been in the Empire before the relocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 16th century, with the aim of ruling the whole Anatolia, the Ottomans moved forward to conquer Erzurum which has a strategic importance. But the location of the city made Ottomans confront Safavids. In order not to hand it over Ottomans in a good condition, Safavids and Georgians ruined the city. By making a great deal of investment, the Ottoman rulers tried to develop the city again. As a result of these housing and developmental activities, through the end of the 16th century, Erzurum regained an appearance of a developed city. In further time, the Ottomans continued their contributions for the perfection of the city. In 17th and 18th centuries, Erzurum was one of the most significant military and commercial centres of Anatolia. As a result, in this study, some information is given about the population, districts and administrative body of Erzurum in order to have a picture of its development under the reign of the Ottomans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]