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Cultivating productive paddy crops on salty soil to maximise production is a challenging approach to meeting the world's growing food demand. Thus, determining salinity tolerance rates in specific paddy cultivars is urgently needed. In this study, the salt tolerance traits of selected paddy cultivars, ADT45 and ADT39, were investigated by analysing germination, metabolites (pigments and biomolecules), and enzymatic (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) adaptation strategies as salt-stress tolerance mechanisms. This study found that salinity-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) were efficiently detoxified by the antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Peroxidase (POD) in ADT45 paddy varieties, followed by ADT39. Salinity stress had a significant impact on pigments and essential biomolecules in ADT45 and ADT39 paddy cultivars, including total chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde, and proline. ADT45 demonstrated a significant relationship between H 2 O 2 and antioxidant enzyme levels, followed by ADT39 paddy but not IR64. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical analyses revealed that ADT45, followed by ADT39, is a potential salt-tolerant rice cultivar., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This research was performed to assess the influence of Cd and Cr metals on growth, pigments, antioxidant, and genomic stability of Oryza sativa indica and Oryza sativa japonica were investigated under hydroponic conditions. The results revealed that significant metal influence on test crop growth, pigment content, metal stress balancing antioxidant activity in a dose dependent manner. Since, while at elevated (500 ppm) concentration of Cd as well as Cr metals the pigment (total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) level was reduced than control; however antioxidant activity (total antioxidant, H 2 O 2 , and NO) was considerably improved as protective mechanisms to combat the metal toxicity and support the plant growth. Furthermore, the test crops under typical hydroponic medium (loaded with Cd and Cr as 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) growth conditions, effectively absorb the metals from medium and accumulated in the root and least quantity was translocated to the shoot of this test crops. Furthermore, typical RAPD analysis with 10 universal primers demonstrated that the genomic DNA of the test crops was adaptable to develop metal resistance and ensure crop growth under increased concentrations (500 ppm) of tested heavy metals. These findings suggest that these edible crops have the ability to accumulate Cd along with Cr metals, and additionally that their genetic systems have the ability to adapt to metal-stressed environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)