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AIMS: The primary purpose of the present trial was to evaluate the effect of low-frequency (30Hz) vibrations on the rate of canine retraction. SETTING AND DESIGN: Single-center, split mouth prospective randomized controlled clinical trial METHODS AND MATERIAL: 100 screened subjects (aged18--25 years) were selected; out of which 30 subjects having Class I bimaxillary protrusion or Class II div 1 malocclusion, requiring upper 1st premolar therapeutic extractions, were selected for the study. A split-mouth study design was prepared for the maxillary arch of each selected individual and was randomly allocated into vibration and nonvibration side (control) groups. A customized vibratory device was fabricated for each subject to deliver low-frequency vibrations (30 Hz). Scanned 3D models were prepared sequentially to assess the amount of tooth movement from baseline (T0),(T1), (T2), (T3), and (T4)-4th month of canine retraction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Independent "t" test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant differencein the rate of individual canine retraction among the experimental and control groups when the intergroup comparison was done using independent "t" test at T1-T0, (P = 0.954), T2-T1 (P = 0.244), T3-T2 (P = 0.357), and T4-T3 (P = 0.189). CONCLUSION: The low-frequency vibratory stimulation of 30 Hz using a customized vibratory device did not significantly accelerate the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: White spot lesions (WSL) are an unsightly and a rather frequent drawback of orthodontic treatment. The complex design of fixed orthodontic appliances (FAs) makes it difficult to perform proper oral hygiene, which amounts to white spot lesions being three times more prevalent in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. As clear thermoplastic aligners (CAs) are removable appliances, it has been speculated that they allow better oral hygiene maintenance and thus less incidence of WSLs. OBJECTIVES: This evidence-based scoping review aims to identify the scope and nature of the evidence on white spot lesions during orthodontic clear aligner therapy. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: Strategic and thorough search of the literature for randomized Controlled Trials, Case-Control, Cohort studies, Case reports, full research articles, and review papers on humans published in English in five major databases was undertaken till July 2021 using free text and Medical Subject Headings (MESH) terms, followed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify five studies for data extraction. RESULTS: Evidence was summarized for study characteristics, diagnostic methods for the detection of white spot lesions, and incidence of white spot lesions during clear aligner therapy. The literature supports that orthodontic treatment with CAs was associated with a low incidence of WSLs when compared with fixed mechanotherapy, with a major role of patient education, motivation, and compliance in maintaining oral hygiene. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The general perception is that clear aligners are more hygienic and show no incidence of white spot lesions. However, our scoping review supports that WSLs can occur with this form of orthodontic treatment also. WSLs in clear aligners could be attributed to the practice of having composite attachments that cover a significant portion of the tooth surface. Thus, regardless of the type of appliance used, a periodic reinforcement by the orthodontist to maintain oral hygiene is necessary for patient motivation, allowing for better oral hygiene practice, and as a result, leads to prevention of WSLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this review article is to discuss the different type of retainers used to stabilize the treatment outcome in different malocclusions. Strategic and through search of the literature from different databases was undertaken using free text and MESH terms. Result: Extensive study of the literature suggests that the duration and type of retention varies for different malocclusion and should be planned at the start of orthodontic treatment, as it plays important role in stabilizing the treatment outcome. Conclusion: Irrespective of the type of appliance used for retention, the patient should be informed and prepared for the long term or indefinite use of retainers and its role in maintaining the treatment results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate retention of a finished orthodontic patient can be the difference between a successful or an unsuccessful treatment. The acrylic portion of the conventional Hawley's appliance causes a reduced compliance in many orthodontic patients. In an attempt to overcome the drawbacks of the previously used orthodontic retainers a tooth-borne orthodontic retainer was designed, also called the 'Kansal's retainer' (Patent pending). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Class II skeletal malocclusions are frequently accompanied by a retruded chin. Treatment of such cases is very challenging for the orthodontists. Firstly, the underlying skeletal malocclusion has to be corrected with functional appliances in patients with growth potential followed by fixed appliance orthodontic treatment and Genioplasty to achieve a pleasing profile. Genioplasty procedures are most often performed in addition to orthodontic treatment to attain optimal esthetics.The following case was treated with Twin Block appliance therapy followed by fixed orthodontic appliances. However, this treatment alone did not result in optimal facial esthetics. Therefore, it was decided to perform Genioplasty to improve esthetics. This resulted in marked improvement in the facial appearance of the patient. It can therefore be emphasized that without Genioplasty optimal esthetics will be difficult to achieve in cases with retruded chin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the status of oral hygiene of people according to both firstly their geographical distribution (i.e. in rural and urban areas) and secondly according to the gender predilection in Western Uttar Pradesh population. Methods: It was a retrospective study carried out at Department of Orthodontics, Subharti dental college, Meerut in which the total data comprised of 994 patients (440 males and 554 females). Every patient was evaluated for their oral hygiene status using Oral hygiene Index-simplified (OHI-S) and was further divided into three groups as good, fair and poor. Results: In urban population, 64.8% patients had fair oral hygiene while 28% & 7.2% had good and poor oral hygiene respectively. In Rural population, 74.1% had fair oral hygiene while 6.4%& 19.5% had good and poor oral hygiene respectively. In females, 20.2% had good oral hygiene while 67.8% & 12% had fair and poor oral hygiene respectively. In males, only 14.7% patients had good oral hygiene while 71.1% & 14.2% had fair and poor oral hygiene respectively. Conclusions: It was seen that more proportion of study participants residing in urban areas had good hygienic status rather than rural areas and it was statistically significant. Also, overall females had better oral hygiene as compared to males although it was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]