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Introduction: Self-ligating appliances are purposed to expand the arches, but evidence on stability of the result is lacking. We measured the width of maxillary and mandibular arches and torque changes after treatment with the use of passive self-ligating appliances and assessed stability at the 2-year follow-up., Methods: Maxillary and mandibular 3-dimensional (3D) models from 32 subjects (mean initial age 14.9 ± 0.9 years), consecutively treated with the use of self-ligating appliances, were obtained before, immediately after, and 2 years after treatment. Dental arches were examined with the use of 3D software to evaluate differences in transverse arch dimensions and torque values., Results: An incremental increase of arch widths was recorded, especially regarding maxillary and mandibular premolars. The increase in the transverse diameters was associated with a significant positive torque gain. No significant changes in arch perimeter and depth were recorded. In the retention period, slight significant changes in transverse diameters were recorded, and a transverse diameter constriction detected. Torque values remained almost unchanged in the follow-up period., Conclusions: Transverse arch dimensions, along with torque values, increased significantly after treatment with the use of a passive self-ligating appliance. In the 2 years following treatment, a tendency to transverse diameter restriction, especially for the maxillary and mandibular premolars, was observed., (Copyright © 2019 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: This study aimed to compare achieved movements with predicted movements after 28‐week use of Invisalign Lite aligners. Settings and Sample Population: The digital impressions of 21 subjects treated with Invisalign Lite at a private practice and in the dental clinic (Milan, Italy) were taken and analysed. Subjects were Caucasian with a mean age of 20.1 years. Methods: Patients were analysed at two time points: at T0, before starting therapy, and at T1, after 28 weeks of treatment with Invisalign clear aligners, with a 2‐week change interval. The changes that occurred between T0 and T1 were compared to the predicted changes between T0 and Ts (setup/ClinCheck). Tooth movement performance was estimated through variables calculated as the difference between obtained and planned movements. Results: In both maxillary and mandibular arches, the teeth that exhibited the least accurate expression of torque were the central incisors. Tip was not accurate on maxillary central incisors and canines, mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, first premolars, second premolars and first molars. Rotations were under‐expressed on maxillary lateral incisors, canines and second premolars and on mandibular central incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars and first molars. The overall angular changes showed a tendency to underperformance. Transverse linear changes were accurate with a significant overperformance on maxillary and mandibular first molars. Conclusions: Torque correction of maxillary central incisors, as well as rotational correction of most of the teeth, showed significant differences between what was planned and what was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background (1): Removable orthodontic appliances may favor plaque accumulation and oral microbe colonization. This might be associated with intraoral adverse effects on enamel or periodontal tissues. The proposed systematic review was carried out to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the microbiological changes occurring during orthodontic therapy with removable orthodontic appliances. Methods (2): PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source were searched. The research included every article published up to January 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the "Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies" (SBU) method were adopted to conduct this systematic review. Results (3): The current study has a moderate evidence, demonstrating that removable appliances do influence the oral microbiota. Significant alterations occur just 15 days after the beginning of therapy, independently from the type of appliance. Furthermore, the levels of oral pathogens decrease significantly or even returned to pre-treatment levels several months later the therapy end. Conclusions (4): This review suggests that orthodontic treatment with removable appliances induces changes to oral microflora, but these alterations might not be permanent. Protocol: PROSPERO database registration number CRD42019121762. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral microbiota has been at the center of cultural attention in recent years. In daily clinical practice, orthodontic appliances may be associated with an increased cariogenic risk and a worsening of preexisting periodontal diseases. Objective: The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the quality and quantity of the oral microbiota. Design: The research included every article published up to October 2017 featuring the keywords ‘Orthodontic appliance* AND (microbiological colonization OR periodontal pathogen* OR Streptococcus mutans OR Lactobacillus spp. OR Candida OR Tannerella forsythia OR Treponema denticola OR Fusobacterium nucleatum OR Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans OR Prevotella intermedia OR Prevotella nigrescens OR Porphyromonas gingivalis)’ and was conducted in the major medical databases. The methodological quality of selected papers was scored using the ‘Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies’ (SBU) method. Results: Orthodontic appliances influence the oral microbiota with an increase in the counts of S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. and in the percentage of potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions: There is moderate/high evidence regarding the association between orthodontic appliances and changes in the oral microbiota. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091589. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]