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A new Ru(II) complex [Ru(dmp)2(NMIP)](ClO4)2 (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, NMIP = 2'-(2″-nitro-3″,4″-methylenedioxyphenyl)imidazo[4',5'-f][1,10]-phenanthroline) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS and (1)H NMR. The cytotoxic activity of the complex against MG-63, U2OS, HOS, and MC3T3-e1 cell lines was investigated by MTT method. The complex shows moderate cytotoxicity toward HOS (IC50 = 35.6 ± 2.6 µM) and MC3T3-e1 (IC50 = 41.6 ± 2.8 µM) cell lines. The morphological studies show that the complex can induce apoptosis in HOS cells and cause an increase of reactive oxygen species levels and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential. The cell cycle distribution demonstrates that the complex inhibits the cell growth at S phase. Additionally, the antitumor activity in vivo reveals that the complex can induce a decrease in tumor weight.

Three new ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(bpy)(2)(BHIP)](2+) 1, [Ru(phen)(2)(BHIP)](2+) 2, and [Ru(dip)(2)(BHIP)](2+) 3 were synthesized and characterized. The cytotoxicity of the three complexes was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptosis induced by the complexes was studied by cell morphology and flow cytometry. The results showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells is 7.19%, 75.58%, and 3.51% in the presence of complexes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The cellular uptakes were also performed and the results indicated that complexes 1, 2, and 3 can enter into the cytoplasm and also into the nucleus. The studies on antiproliferative mechanism showed the induction of S-phase arrest by complexes 1, 2, and 3. DNA-binding constants of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were determined to be 1.07 (± 0.47) × 10(5) M(-1) (s = 2.04), 1.21 (± 0.32) × 10(5) M(-1) (s = 1.88), and 2.75 (± 0.27) × 10(5) M(-1) (s = 2.17), respectively. Upon irradiation at 365 nm, complexes 1, 2, and 3 can induce cleavage of pBR322 DNA.

The title compound, [Zn(2)(C(25)H(15)N(5)O(2))(2)]·2CH(2)Cl(2), is a dinuclear double-helical complex which lies on a crystallographic twofold axis. In the complex, both ligands are partitioned into two tridentate domains which allow each ligand to bridge both metal centres. Each Zn(II) atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral environment formed by two amide N atoms, two quinoline N atoms and two pyridine N atoms from two different ligand molecules, with the central pyridine ring, unusually, bridging two Zn(II) atoms. The deprotonated ligand is not planar, the amide side chains being considerably twisted out from the plane of the central pyridine ring.