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A new class of axially-unfixed biaryl-based pyrrolidines with C2-symmetry were designed and synthesized by using enantiopure α-proline as a chiral source. These bifunctional organocatalys provided Michael adducts in high chemical yields (up to 99 %) and with excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99:1 dr and 96 % ee) in the direct Michael addition reactions of a variety of ketones and aldehydes to nitro olefins. The transition states were proposed to clarify the stereochemical course of the examined reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Novel Axially Unfixed Biaryl-Based Water-Compatible Organocatalysts: Design, Synthesis and Their Asymmetric Catalysis in Direct Aldol Reactions in Water" by H. -W. Zhao and colleagues in a 2013 issue of the periodical "Synlett."

The article presents information on asymmetric direct Michael reactions of cyclohexanone with aromatic nitroolefins in water by using biaryl-based bifunctional organocatalysts.

The article presents chemical equations related to the article "Design, Synthesis and Organocatalysis of 2,2'-Biphenol-Based Prolinamide Organocatalysts in the Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reaction in Water" by H.-W. Zhao and others, published in the journal "Synlett" in 2013.