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Copyright of Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica (1575-6866) is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Artefactos: Revista de Estudios Sobre La Ciencia Y La Tecnologia is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article aims to show the different declinations of the double conceptual movement--from reason to organism and from organism to reason--that can be found in Kant and Hegel, and the implications of such differences for their respective philosophical systems and for their conception of reason. Whereas in Kant the movement from reason to organism and from organism to reason turns out to be "interrupted", so that the it is never completely fulfilled, Hegel, presenting the organism as "reason in sensible form", opens up the possibility of a complete intelligibility of the former while at the same time guaranteeing the conceptual space for a complete self-understanding of reason in the sense of a living being. However, if the living organism is a real instantiation of reason, such instantiation is presented as not sufficient, since the animal is an incomplete realization of reason. In this sense, the relation reason-organism seems to take the shape of a hierarchical movement in which the latter is subordinated to the former. And yet, Hegel speaks of the self-realizing movement of reason as the movement in which it shows its organic and living character. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An exploration of the Body-without-Organs – a notion first found in Antonin Artaud (1947) and later developed by Deleuze (1969/1990), and Deleuze and Guattari (1987/2004), 1972/1984) and of its implications for the practice and theory of contemporary psychotherapy. Compared and contrasted with the notions of the organism and the unconscious, found respectively in humanistic, existential, integrative psychotherapy and in psychoanalytic/psychodynamic practices, the Body-without-Organs is presented here as a potential step forward in psychotherapeutic theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The living body has been defined in our Western culture by its capacity of selfregulation and self-administration, and also by its strategies towards self-preservation. Under the general idea of self-organization, the living being must face the imminent threat of its own decomposition. Hence, the biological theories seem to be under the spell of death when considering life. Due to this kind of obsession about self-preservation, biology has left aside the categories of relationality and alterity, as being something accidental to the definition of life. In a way, that which is not an organic part of the living body, that which is alien to its own dynamics, seems to be a deadly threat. In order to show this continuity in Western biology, I will examine the concept of pneuma/spiritus in Galenic physiology and its aftermath in Descartes, the figure of animal economy forwarded by the Montpellier School, and the concepts of modern physiology, such as organism, metabolism, homeostasis and autopoiesis. By reading these different traditions and biological theories under the hypothesis that they are all dependent on the definition of life as autarchy, I wish to show the need to deconstruct this paradigm so we can think on alterity and relationality without subsuming them into the logic of unity and totalization proper to the metaphor of organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Escritos is the property of Escritos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy & History of Biology / Filosofia e História da Biologia is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Filosofia e Historia da Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Con-textos Kantianos: International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Con-Textos Kantianos (CTK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In modernity, the distinction between nature and artifice disappears, so that machines made by men become privileged models for the explanation of natural bodies, as can be observed in Bacon, Descartes, Hobbes, among others. This new relationship between nature and artifice is correlated with the mechanization and refutation of finality in nature, insofar as the adoption of mechanics as a model of nature's explanation is associated to the rejection of the use of final causes in physics and to the conception that bodies are devoid of immanent principles of movement or of any incorporeal principle that predisposes them to a process of change teleologically structured and oriented. Leibniz also conceives nature as artifice and organic bodies as automata, but his conception of natural bodies as artificial machines goes even further, to the point of characterizing the natural beings as those which carry the character of artificial rather than the artificial things themselves. However, unlike Bacon, Descartes, and Hobbes, Leibniz uses the analogy of nature as a machine and deepens it precisely to argue that nature is teleologically structured and that the difference between the machines made by men and the natural (divine) ones lies in the fact that while those have a purely extrinsic finality, these have an immanent finality inscribed in each of their parts to infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy is the property of Bajo Palabra: Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Philosophy & History of Biology / Filosofia e História da Biologia is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Filosofia e Historia da Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to analyze key postulates of Leibniz's vitalist ontology, with a special emphasis on his conception of a natural machine and his monadological proposal. It is divided into three sections: first I analyze the complex structure of natural machines, from which a twofold composition of action can be reckoned; hence, the second section identifies three kinds of monads, with the purpose of devising the possibility of rational agency; finally, the third section draws some relevant conclusions for Leibniz's account of action, as the place of perception in the process of choice and Leibnizian intellectualism, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Estudios de Filosofía is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research project consisted of two steps; the purpose of the first one was to find out the reasons adolescents had for orthodontic consultation and their expectations on the corresponding treatment concerning their body image and self-esteem. In the second step, once treatment was over, the work focused on interpreting the effects of treatment on such self-image and self-esteem. Once treatment had finished, our findings corroborated that a demand about image underlies the request of adolescents for intervention on their organisms. Besides, it was found that adolescents experienced a transient increase in self-esteem; this effect was not long-lasting because the transformation of their organism did not solve their fundamental uneasiness with their body and with themselves.

Copyright of Bellas Artes is the property of Universidad de La Laguna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo o antecedente: Los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados son importantes para el organismo humano debido a su implicación en numerosas funciones biológicas. Las dietas occidentales se caracterizan por ser excesivamente ricas en ácidos grasos w-6 y pobres en ácidos grasos w-3. Los ácidos grasos de la serie w-3 son necesarios para el normal crecimiento y desarrollo del individuo así como para la regulación de la respuesta inmunológica. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de una dieta enriquecida en ácidos grasos w-3 frente a un proceso inflamatorio así como el estudio de los mecanismos implicados en dicho efecto. Intervenciones: Para ello, ratones Balb/c fueron alimentados durante un mes con una dieta cuya fuente lipídica era 100% aceite de girasol (control), o con la misma dieta en la que el 12% de la grasa era aceite de pescado y el resto aceite de girasol (W-3). Doce horas antes de su sacrificio se indujo en una de las orejas de cada animal una dermatitis de contacto que cursó con inflamación y edema. Como agente inflamatorio se utilizó 2,4 dinitrofluorobenceno. Tras el sacrificio se tomaron diversas muestras y se analizaron. Resultados: La inflamación, medida como peso y contenido de agua de las orejas, disminuyó significativamente en los ratones alimentados con w-3. La medida de la infiltración leucocitaria y los parámetros de oxidación revelaron también la mejora en el proceso inflamatorio de dichos ra-tones. Para explicar estos hechos se analizó la expresión de diversas citocinas, observándose un incremento de IL-10 y una disminución de citocinas tanto Th1 como Th2. Conclusiones: Los ácidos grasos w-3 poseen un efecto inmunomodulador al actuar como antiinflamatorios y antialérgicos, al tiempo que aumentan algunas defensas del organismo. La citocina reguladora IL-10 podría ser la responsable del efecto antiinflamatorio ejercido por los ácidos grasos w-3.Introduction: Polyunsaturated fatty acids play a key role in a huge number of biological functions. Western diets are highly rich in w-6 fatty acids. However the content of w-3 fatty acids is not suitable in those diets, despite of their importance in normal development of the human body and regulation of immune response. The aim of this work is to examine the effect of w-3 fatty acids enriched diet in the regulation of inflammatory response. Material and methods: Balb/c mice were fed either w-6 fatty acids rich diet (100% sunflower oil) or w-3 fatty acids fortified diet (12% fish oil plus 88% sunflower oil) during 28 days. Twelve hours prior to sacrifice, the mice were treated with 2,4-ninitro-1-fluorobezene on the left ear to induce the inflammatory reaction. Afterwards the mice were sacrificed and the different samples collected were analized. Results: Ear inflammation of mice fed the w-3 diet was significantly lower. Leukocyte infiltration and oxidative stress were also lower in those mice. To explain these results, cytokine expression and plasma eicosanoid concentration were measured. An increase in IL-10 levels and a down regulation of Th1 and Th2 responses were observed in mice fed the w-3 diet. Conclusion: Not only n-3 fatty acids exerts an antiinflammatory and an antialergical role but also they enhance some of the organism defenses. Our data suggest that w-3 fatty acids downregulate the inflammatory response by enhancing IL10 expression.

The purpose of this research project was to inquire about the eventual influence of the orthodontic treatment on the body's image and self-esteem of adolescents. The universe of our sample consisted of adolescents who consulted at the School of the Dentistry of the University of Antioquia in search of resolving their malocclusion and their body problems; nine of the attendants participated as volunteers, contributing to the research project with their personal account. The participants were interviewed twice, keeping in mind the following analysis categories that directed the research project: body — organism, complain — demand and narcissism — self-esteem. The findings showed that each complaint that the adolescents makes to the orthodontist regarding something specific that affects his or her physical organism — the malocclusion —, is generally directed by a demand related to their body. Also, that the self-esteem increment as a result of the treatment —if reached —, can only be achieved in a temporary manner.

The notion of Subject is of recent inclusion in the dental literature. Although the terms: individual, person and subject are used daily as synonymous, it is the purpose of this paper reveal its real significance; also the terms Body and Organism will be discussed because the medical profession uses as equivalents. I will intent to construct a conceptual framework in order to clarify if the dentist does or does not include the Subject in his/ her dental practice.

In this article we propose that the mechanism that gave rise to the diversity of living systems that we find today, as well as to the biosphere as coherent system of interrelated autonomous living systems, is natural drift. And we also propose that that which we biologists connote with the expression natural selection is a consequence of the history of the constitution of the biosphere through natural drift, and not the mechanism that generates that history. Moreover, we do this by proposing: a) that the history of living systems on earth is the history of the arising, conservation, and diversification of lineages through reproduction, and not of populations; b) that biological reproduction is a systemic process of conservation of a particular ontogenic-phenotype/ontogenic- niche relation, and not a genetic process of conservation of some genetic constitution; c) that a lineage arises in the systemic reproductive conservation of an ontogenic-phenotype/ontogenic-niche relation, and not in the conservation of a particular genotype; d) that although nothing can happen in the life history of a living system that is not permitted by its total genotype, whatever happens in it arises in an epigenetic manner, and it is not possible to properly claim that any features that arises in the life history of an organism is genetically determined; e) that it is behavior what guides the course of the history of living systems, not genetics; and f) that that which a taxonomist distinguishes when he or she claims that an organism belongs to a particular species, is a particular ontogenic phenotype/ontogenic niche relation that occupies a nodal position in the historical diversification of lineagesEn éste ensayo proponemos que el mecanismo que ha originado la diversidad de seres vivos que encontramos hoy día, y que también ha originado a la biosfera como un sistema coherente de seres vivos autónomos e interrelacionados, es la deriva natural. Y también proponemos que aquello que los biólogos connotamos con la expresión selección natural, es una consecuencia de la historia de la constitución de la biosfera por medio de la deriva natural, y no el mecanismo que genera esta historia. Además, en el desarrollo de estas nociones, proponemos: a) que la historia de los seres vivos en la Tierra es la historia del surgimiento, conservación y diversificación de linajes, y no de poblaciones; b) que la reproducción biológica es un proceso sistémico de conservación de una particular relación fenotipo ontogénico/nicho ontogénico, y no un proceso genético de conservación de algún particular genotipo o constitución genética; c) que un linaje surge en la conservación sistémica reproductiva de una relación fenotipo ontogénico/nicho ontogénico, y no en la conservación de un genotipo particular; d) que aunque en la ontogenia de un ser vivo no pueda ocurrir nada que no esté permitido por su genotipo total, cualquier cosa que ocurra surge de un modo epigenético, de manera que no es posible sostener que las características estructurales que surgen en la ontogenia de un organismo están genéticamente determinadas; e) que es la conducta, y no la genética, el factor central que guía el curso de la historia de los sistemas vivos; y f) que aquello que un taxónomo distingue cuando él o ella afirma que un organismo pertenece a una especie particular, es una particular relación fenotipo ontogénico/nicho ontogénico, que ocupa una posición nodal en la historia de diversificación del linaje

In this paper I argue that the scientific approaches of Jakob von Uexküll crucially support Martin Heidegger's metaphysical reflections about the world, beyond what Heidegger himself explicitly recognized. In particular, Jakob von Uexküll's studies emphasized, better than mechanicism and vitalism, the relationship between the environment and the inner world of the animal, which is crucial for Heidegger to claim in his winter 1929-1930 lessons that the essence of the animal is "disturbance" (Benommenheit). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Critique of Judgment (1790) was enthusiastically received by the German Idealists. In the case of Friedrich Schelling, both divisions of the work were influent, thus resulting that not only Kantian aesthetics, but also the teleology was a landmark in his philosophical itinerary. We attempt to observe how the philosopher of Leonberg receives, in the Introduction to the Ideas for a Philosophy of Nature (1797), the Kantian conception of organism as endowed with self-causality, but at the same time thinks it within the frame of a post-Kantian philosophy, leaving aside the reflective judgment and also the idea of nature as a product of art (Natur als Kunst) in order to think the organism. How does Schelling connect this notion with the proposal to think the unity between nature and spirit based on the own subject, and not on something external to it? How would Kant react to such a proposal? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epistemologia is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Poliana is the property of Studia Poliana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The focus of this article is the identification and exposition of the concept of rationality in Kantian philosophy, especially considering the "Transcendental Doctrine of Method" of the Critique of Pure Reason. More specifically, the investigation takes the text of the "Architectonic of Pure Reason" as its starting point, and highlights the concept of system exposed in that text, taking into account its parity with the organism which serves as its metaphor. From that point, one can qualify the method of reason as being profoundly dynamic, and from such qualification, characterize the philosophical posture itself as an activity of thought being exerted critically and systematically on the multiplicity of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most significant contributions of Kant's Critique of the power of judgment is his conception of living beings or organisms as natural ends. In this paper I discuss the main characteristics that Kant attributes to organisms and I attempt to show how this conception relates to the principle of purposiveness of nature and to the problem of contingency with respect to conformity to law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of robotics, the evolution of the concepts of embodiment and animation processes lead to define the concept of a kernel consisting of a set of stable algorithms, independent of the specific embodiment on which these algorithms could be applied. Thus, it becomes possible to study experimentally how particular embodiments, considered as experimental variables, shape the robot's behavior and its longer-term developmental patterns. This methodological stance results into a new approach to children development stressing the importance of a continuously changing body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The organism-mechanism relationship is at the center of the controversy between Leibniz and Stahl. Leibniz borrowed his notion of organism from Hoffmann who had established a mechanistic theory of living beings, based on the teleological disposition of complex organic structures that a system of inner forces activates. Inspired by that model, Leibniz criticizes Stahl's conception of the soul as an agent and regulator of vital motions. He develops in contrast his views on the physiological autonomy of the organic body, governed by laws of change that parallel those ruling over of the soul's perceptions and appetites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leibniz's Discourse on Metaphysics (1686) is compared to his later work Monadology (1714) regarding the ontological status of corporeal substance. Although the body gains importance in the 1714 text, Leibniz has searched for its role within Metaphysics in 1686. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Trans/Form/Ação is the property of Trans/Form/Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The dissemination of the natural science in everyday life have resulted in a particular experience of human body, which now seems to be predominant: the concept of the human body as an organism. The organism concept, in their current articulation, seems to be the basis and guideline in much consideration of this problematic even inside of some philosophical perspective rooted in the Cartesian interpretation of human body. The aim of this article is to investigate the assumptions, which compose this experience in order to contribute with a strict approach to the Philosophical question of corporality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]