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In this study, the performance of a novel organic tea compost developed for the first time in the world from raw tea waste from tea processing factories and enriched with worms, beneficial microorganisms, and enzymes was tested in comparison to chemical fertilizers in tea plantations in Rize and Artvin provinces, where the most intensive tea cultivation is carried out in Turkey. In the field trials, the developed organic tea vermicompost was incorporated into the root zones of the plants in the tea plantations in amounts of 1000 (OVT1), 2000 (OVT2) and 4000 (OVT4) (kg ha-1). The experimental design included a control group without OVT applications and positive controls with chemical fertilizers (N: P: K 25:5:10, (CF) 1200 kg ha-1) commonly used by local growers. The evaluation included field trials over two years. The average yields obtained in two-year field trials in five different areas were: Control (6326), OVT1 (7082), OVT2 (7408), OVT4 (7910), and CF (8028) kg ha-1. Notably, there was no significant statistical difference in yields between the organic (at 4000 kg ha-1) and chemical fertilizers (at 1200 kg ha-1). The highest nutrient contents were obtained when CF and OVT4 were applied. According to the average values across all regions, the application of OVT4 increased the uptake of 63% N, 18% K, 75% P, 21% Mg, 19% Na, 29% Ca, 28% Zn, 11% Cu and 24% Mn compared to the control group. The application of chemical fertilizers increased the uptake of 75% N, 21% K, 75% P, 21% Mg, 28% Na, 27% Ca, 30% Zn, 18% Cu and 31% Mn compared to the control group. The organic fertilizer treatment had the lowest levels of antioxidants compared to the control groups and the chemical fertilizers. It was also found that the organic fertilizer increased the levels of amino acids, organic acids and chlorophyll in the tea plant. Its low antioxidant activity and proline content prepared them for or protected them from stress conditions. With these properties, the biotechnologically developed organic tea compost fertilizer has proven to be very promising for tea cultivation and organic plant production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on soil biochar fertilization has mainly been conducted on cereal crops, and information on its potential for radish production remains inconsistent. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the short-term effects of rice husk biochar on radish growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). An investigation was conducted with two application rates of biochar alone, (10 t ha−1 (B10) and 25 t ha−1 (B25), and biochar + chicken manure application with and without NPK fertilizer. The results indicated that the application of biochar 25 t ha−1 + chicken manure (B25:CHM) and the combination of biochar 25 t ha−1 + chicken manure + NPK fertilizer (B25:CHM:NPK) significantly increased root yield by improving NUE, fertilizer recovery efficiency (REN), agronomic efficiency (AE), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), and retaining soil NH4+-N. Although biochar application alone did not significantly influence radish growth on a short-term basis, B10 and B25 increased root yields by 10% and 20%, respectively, compared with the control. Notably, the role of biochar application when combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers was to retain fertilizer N and promote N uptake efficiency by radishes, as higher rates of biochar resulted in higher NUE. Our results suggest that B25:CHM is a suitable combination for organic farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organic farming methods, including the use of organic substrates, fertilizers, pesticides, and biological control, are gaining popularity in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) due to economic benefits and environmental sustainability. However, despite several studies focusing on the preparation and evaluation of liquid organic fertilizers, none have explored the compatibility of these fertilizers with different hydroponic systems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate lettuce production using a liquid organic fertilizer under different hydroponic systems. Four distinct hydroponic methods were selected: nutrient film technique (NFT), deep water culture (DWC) (liquid culture systems), and Dutch bucket (DB), regular plastic container (RPC) (substratebased systems). 'Green Butter' lettuce was grown using a liquid organic fertilizer (Espartan) for four weeks. Shoot growth parameters (e.g., shoot width, number of leaves, leaf area, foliar chlorophyll content, fresh weight, and dry weight) and root growth parameters (e.g., root length, fresh weight, and dry weight) were measured. The growth difference of lettuce under the DB and RPC systems was negligible, but the growth in RPC was 29% to 60% and 15% to 44% higher than the NFT and DWC systems, respectively, for shoot width, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight. Root parameters were nearly identical for the NFT and DWC systems but significantly lower (21% to 94%) than the substrate-based DB and RPC systems. Although lettuce grown in the NFT system showed the least growth, its mineral content in the leaf tissue was comparable or sometimes higher than that of substrate-based hydroponic systems. In conclusion, the tested liquid organic fertilizer is suitable for substrate-based hydroponic systems; however, further evaluation of different liquid organic fertilizers, and crop species is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas digestate is increasingly used in organic farming to improve soil nutrient supply and sustainably increase yields. However, biogas digestate can also lead to environmentally relevant N2O emissions. The benefits, opportunities, and risks associated with the use of digestate as a fertilizer in organic farming are a subject of ongoing debate, in part due to a lack of conclusive experimental results. A field trial conducted in southern Germany examined the short-term and long-term impacts of digestate fertilization on winter wheat yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and N2O-N emissions. The four-year results from the years 2019 to 2022 are presented. Digestate was applied with a nitrogen input of up to 265 kg ha−1, with 129 kg ha−1 NH4+-N. The application of digestate resulted in a significant increase in wheat yield, with an average increase of 53% (2019) to 83% (2022) compared to the unfertilized control. It is notable that the treatment applied for the first time did not reach the yield of the long-term fertilized treatment, with a yield gap of 0.5 to 1.2 Mg ha−1 (6% to 15%). The highest N2O-N emissions (up to 3.30 kg ha−1) in the vegetation period from spring to autumn were measured in the long-term fertilized treatment. However, very high N2O-N emissions (up to 3.72 kg ha−1) also occurred in two years in winter in the unfertilized treatment. An increase in soil inorganic N stocks and N2O-N emissions was observed following the wheat harvest and subsequent tillage in all treatments. No significant differences were identified between the fertilizer treatments with regard to product-related emissions. The experimental results demonstrate that N2O-N emissions are not solely a consequence of N fertilization, but can also be attributed to tillage, post-harvest practices, and previous crops, with considerable variability depending on weather conditions. The experimental data provide comprehensive insight into the influence of cultivation, soil characteristics, and meteorological conditions on N2O-N emissions at an agricultural site in southern Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture not only causes a decrease in soil fertility but also has negative effects on the environment, natural resources, and human health. Therefore, environmentally friendly practices, such as the use of organic fertilizers (OFs) and plant biostimulants that increase yield and fruit quality can be effective in solving these problems. In the present research study, we investigated the impact of using an OF alone and in combination with as a biostimulant different doses of humic acid (HA) on plant growth parameters, yield, fruit characteristics, and leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in plants of the Monterey and Albion strawberry varieties. As a result of this study, we determined that the combined application of the OF and HA increased the yield, fruit quality, plant growth, and nutritional elements in the crop compared with using the OF alone. In addition, the Monterey variety plants treated with OF and HA (5.0 L·ha-1) in T3 offered the best results among the different treatment groups and varieties. With this treatment, we obtained the highest total yield (262.42 g/plant), fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), and TSS/acid ratio, as well as increased growth parameters, and mineral nutrient concentrations in leaves. These results are hopeful for enhancing organic strawberry production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetables accumulate considerable amounts of nitrates that enter the human body through nutrition, causing severe problems. This study aims to determine celery plants' response to replacing mineral nitrogen fertilizers with bio-nanoparticles. Three different treatments of nano bio-nitrogen fertilizer (20, 30, and 40 ppm) in addition to traditional nitrogen (NH4NO3) treatment (100 kg N/acre) were applied on two celery cultivars (Balady and Utah Tall 52–75). Plant growth parameters, vitamin C, carotenoids, nitrate accumulation, macro-nutrient uptakes, and antioxidant activities were determined at the vegetative marketing stage. Our findings reveal a significant positive impact of replacing conventional nitrogen fertilizers with bio-nano-synthesized forms. Notably, applying bio-nanoparticles improved celery yield efficiency, ranging from 5.1 to 5.8 tons per acre, suggesting a viable alternative to traditional fertilization methods. Furthermore, transitioning from mineral to organic fertilizers in nanoparticle form reduced nitrate accumulation in fresh celery crops, decreasing nitrate levels from 342.5 ppm to as low as 100 ppm. This environmentally conscious approach offers a sustainable solution to mitigate chemical residues and enhance celery's flavor, nutritional value, and health benefits. Specifically, our results demonstrate alleviated nitrate contents in fresh celery leaves after applying bio-nano-fertilizer. Nitrate levels in treated plants decreased by up to 70.0% compared to traditional fertilization methods. This highlights the potential of organic nano-fertilizers to address concerns related to nitrate accumulation, thereby promoting safer and healthier vegetable consumption. By advocating for organic nano-fertilizers, we propose a promising strategy to optimize celery fertilizing management, ensuring sustainable farming and consumer well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background and Aims: Manure is an important source of nutrients for plants, and organic substrate, as an effective soil amendment substrate, is a common material for maintaining soil health in the context of agricultural intensification. The use of organic fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of crops and to improve soil structure is a natural choice for sustainable agriculture. The high cost of chemical fertilizers and their overuse can lead to agricultural pollution, so farmers' awareness of organic farming is increasing, which is helping to drive agriculture in a more environmentally friendly and sustainable direction. (2) Methods: In a fertilization experiment conducted on 38-year-old 'Changfu No.2' apple trees, four different fertilization treatments were designed to assess their effects on soil fertility, fruit quality, and apple yield. These treatments included no fertilizer as a control (CK); chemical fertilizer combined with organic substrate (NPK + O); chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure (NPK + SM); and a combination of chemical fertilizer, organic substrate, and sheep manure (NPK + O + SM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to comprehensively evaluate soil fertility, apple yield, and quality under these treatments. (3) Results: The NPK + O + SM treatment significantly improved soil fertility and apple yield compared to the other treatments. It provided comprehensive nutrition, meeting the diverse needs of plant growth. The slow-release properties of the organic substrate combined with the immediate nutrient supply from the sheep manure ensured stable nutrition throughout the growing season. This mixed fertilizer also improved soil biological activity. (4) Conclusion: The fertilization strategy combining organic substrate and sheep manure (NPK + O + SM) is highly effective in improving soil fertility, fruit quality, and apple yield, thus supporting sustainable agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE CULTIVATION of Calendula officinalis has gained importance not only for its medicinal T properties but also for its ornamental value. C. officinalis flowers contain carotenoids and oleanolic acid, valuable phytoconstituents with various medicinal properties. However, to meet the increasing demand for this plant, it is necessary to adopt sustainable cultivation practices that optimize growth, enhance flowering, and maximize the content of bioactive compounds. An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions during the 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons on C. officinalis using chemical fertilizer (NPK-RD: recommended dose of NPK), organic fertilizer (poultry manure), and biofertilizers. The biofertilizers included different combinations of plant growth-promoting microbes: N-fixing bacteria (Az), P-solubilizing bacteria, K-solubilizing bacteria (Bc), and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. The results showed that the application of poultry manure was more pronounced compared to biofertilizers. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that NPK-RD, moderate and higher levels of organic fertilizer, and Az+Bc+VAM treatments achieved significant superiority in all tested parameters. A higher dosage of poultry manure (95.20 m³ ha¹) was significantly superior to chemical fertilizer in plant height, branch number, plant dry weight (DW), chlorophyll, carbohydrates, flower number, flower yield fresh weight (FW), and carotenoids content. However, the flowering start, flowering period, flower yield DW, and oleanolic acid content obtained by poultry manure at 95.20 m³ ha¹ were significantly equal to NPK-RD treatment. The inoculation with Az+Bc+VAM microbes positively impacted carotenoids content in the C. officinalis flower. These results underline the potential of organic fertilizer and plant growth-promoting microbes in improving growth, flowering and phytochemical quality of the C. officinalis plant with the possibility of avoiding chemical fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess the influence of various biofertilizer sources on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivation in Eastern Nepal. The research was conducted at G.P Koirala College of Agriculture and Research Centre, Sundarharaicha, Morang, Nepal, from April 2023 to January 2024. The experiment utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven treatments including T1: Recommended dose (RD) of NPK, T2: Goat manure (GM), T3: Organic manure (OM), T4: Poultry manure (PM), T5: Vermicompost (VC), T6: Farmyard manure (FYM), T7: Control, replicated three times. Turmeric cultivation practices were implemented following standard agronomic procedures. The recommended dose of synthetic fertilizer, NPK, exhibited the highest enhancement across multiple vegetative and reproductive growth parameters of turmeric, with notable increases in plant height, leaf number, tillers per plant, primary and secondary fingers per clump, fresh rhizome yield, dry yield, and dry recovery percentage. Among the organic sources, goat manure and poultry manure also showed promising results in enhancing turmeric yield and quality. Specifically, NPK recorded the highest fresh rhizome yield at 21.30 tons ha-1, while goat manure and poultry manure yielded 20.35 tons ha-1 and 18.69 tons ha-1, respectively. In contrast, the lowest fresh rhizome yield was observed in the control group, indicating minimal enhancement in yield without fertilizer supplementation. The results highlight how organic farming methods may be a good substitute for traditional chemical fertilizers in the context of sustainable turmeric production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One way to effectively use rice straw without causing environmental pollution is to produce biochar and reuse it to improve rice yield and soil properties. Using rice straw biochar has increased rice productivity and can reduce chemical fertilizers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of rice straw biochar application with reduced chemical fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice at Quang Phu commune, Quang Dien district, Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam with four treatments of the coapplication of rice straw biochar doses of 5, 7.5 and 10 t/ha and chemical fertilizers of 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended dose. Growth parameters, yield components, yield of rice, and soil property were investigated. The results showed that the rice straw biochar had a positive effect on the growth, yield of rice, and soil properties. The coapplication of rice straw biochar of the level of 10 t/ha and chemical fertilizer of 25% of the recommended dose was optimal levels produced the highest growth and yield (63 t/ ha). The co-application of rice straw biochar and chemical fertilizers increased organic matter, improved both soil physical and chemical properties, and reduced chemical fertilizer use. As a result, the rice straw biochar may be recommended to farmers to apply for rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: By implementing small-scale and efficient fertilization techniques, it is possible to enhance the activity of microorganisms, thereby improving soil carbon sequestration and ecological value in agriculture. Methods: In this study, field experiments were conducted using various types of fertilizers: organic fertilizer, microbial fungal fertilizer, composite fertilizer, and an unfertilized control (CK). Additionally, different dosages of compound fertilizers were applied, including 0.5 times compound fertilizers, constant compound fertilizers, 1.5 times compound fertilizers and CK. Using advanced technologies such as Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing, PICRUSt2 prediction, Anosim analysis, redundancy analysis, canonical correlation analysis, and correlation matrix, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and components, bacterial diversity, metabolic functions, and interaction mechanisms were examined in different fields. Results and Discussion: The results showed pronounced effects of various fertilization modes on SOC and the bacterial community, particularly in the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). Organic fertilizer treatments increased the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the soil. However, conventional doses and excessive application of compound fertilizers reduced the diversity of soil bacterial communities and SOC content. Additionally, different fertilization treatments led to an increase in easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC) contents. Interestingly, the relationship between SOC components and soil bacteria exhibited inconsistency. EOC was positively correlated with the bacterial diversity index. Additionally, Chloroflexi exhibited a negative correlation with both SOC and its components. The influence of metabolismon primarymetabolic functions on the content of SOC components in the soil was more notable. It included seven types of tertiary functional metabolic pathways significantly correlated with SOC components (p < 0.05). Purpose and Significance: These findings enhance the understanding of the relative abundance of bacterial communities, particularly those related to the carbon cycle, by adjusting agricultural fertilization patterns. This adjustment serves as a reference for enhancing carbon sinks and reducing emissions in agricultural soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Integrated farming is an efficient and environmentally friendly agricultural activity that uses low-input resources, including abundant local materials, such as waste. According to previous studies, this program has been adopted by the Indonesian government to facilitate the achievement of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of sustainability of low-input integrated agricultural farming by determining and analyzing the sustainability index. METHODS: Experts and business operators engaged in the integrated production of organic fertilizer, corn, and laying hen farming conducted scientific assessments to gather primary and secondary data. This was carried out through Focus Group Discussions and the completion of a questionnaire containing 34 attributes linked to environmental, economical, social, technological, and institutional aspects. The data obtained were then analyzed using a multidimensional scale technique. Monte Carlo analysis and alternating least-squares algorithm were used to examine sustainability status and significant characteristics. FINDINGS: The degree of agricultural integration's sustainability from organic fertilizer, corn, and layer hen farming was 86.10 percent. The results showed that techniques in several stages of the organic fertilizer production process, corn cultivation with the application of organic fertilizer, and laying hen farming with local feed, harvesting, and marketing, contributed to sustainable development by considering the strength aspects from each dimension. Based on the analysis results, the social dimension had a sustainable index score of 93.79 percent, followed by economic (90.57 percent), institutional (88.39 percent), environmental (83.45 percent), and technology (74.29 percent). Based on the findings, the factors that should be considered included 1) Efficiency in the utilization of water during egg, 2) fertilizer production and effectiveness of using fuel and electricity during the production and marketing, 3) an Industry manager level of education, 4) the ease by which raw materials can be obtained for the integration industry, 5) potential for increasing the low-input integrated agricultural farming, 6) the availability of integration industry facilities, infrastructure and level of expertise needed by managers in the people's integration sector, 7) Financial institutions' existence. CONCLUSION: Multidimensional mapping showed that the low-input integrated agricultural farming in the dry land of Pangkalan Lada District was running sustainably, with an average sustainability index of 86.10 percent. These results indicated that the integration of organic fertilizer, corn, and layer hen farming in the area had successfully optimized the available resources, created a sustainable farming model, and had the potential for adoption in various locations and future periods. The five evaluated dimensions showed good sustainability levels, with sustainability indices ranging from 74.29 percent (sustainable with a fair level) to 93.79 percent (very sustainable). Therefore, sustainability improvements in these farming activities must focus on technological aspects, with an emphasis on technological attributes that offered valuable insights for the government in formulating policies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our planet is really lovely, and there are plenty of living organisms here. Among these organisms, human beings are also contributing to the planet. However with a growing population of human beings, there is a growing need for food, which is entirely dependent on agriculture, several strategies have been employed to boost agricultural output, including inorganic fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. Inorganic fertilizers have largely enhanced productivity as well, but they also have several negative health impacts. However, continued use and reliance on these inputs has reduced crop productivity and deteriorated the quality of natural resources and the ecosystem. So, to overcome these problems and for sustainable development, long-term agricultural expansion may be achieved with organic farming while also preserving the environment. It may take time to switch from chemical to organic farming, which could reduce the farmer's profits. Advancements in organic farming, using Eisenia fetida to promote the vermicomposting of water hyacinth (wastewater weed) and employing more organic fertilizer while decreasing inorganic fertilizer usage in farming. However, the farmer will only make the changeover if he is persuaded that organic farming has long-term advantages over chemical farming. Vermicompost is a type of organic fertilizer, prepared from earthworms using various unused waste organic materials. It is an alternative source for increasing agriculture production. Many works have shown that vermicompost has beneficial effects on the environment. Various organic waste materials are used by earthworm species to form vermicompost. Water hyacinth poisons water bodies, turning pleasant water into unappealing water by emitting a foul smell. Most times, water hyacinths thrive in sewage water. Controlling this aquatic weed is a major issue, but it is easily solved through vermitechnology. Extremely, in our review study, we are going to give our concentrate on development of organic farming using vermicomposting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficiency is a problem in the production process, including in the organic farming sector. Over a long term period, this problem can disrupt the productivity of agricultural crops. This research aims to analyze the production and marketing efficiency of organic cabbage farming in the Kopeng agropolitan area, Indonesia. We utilized a Cobb–Douglas production efficiency analysis with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach. The variables in this study include organic cabbage production, land area, seedlings, organic fertilizers, organic pesticides, and labor. We conducted in-depth interviews with 60 organic cabbage farmers in Kopeng, Indonesia, from January to August 2023. The research results showed that organic cabbage cultivation was economically inefficient in production, technical, and marketing. The use of organic fertilizers, the ability to diversify products on limited land, and the use of pesticides, have not been utilized optimally yet. The results of the marketing efficiency analysis showed that it was efficient. Organic plants were believed to have their market share and to have a higher selling value than non-organic ones. The implication was that the government needed to provide training in producing organic fertilizers and pesticides to reduce production costs so that organic farming could be technically and financially efficient. This research enriched the discussion regarding the need to analyze production and marketing efficiency to find strategies to increase organic cabbage productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The integration of organic viticulture practices in grape cultivation represents a pivotal advancement towards sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the importance of environmentally friendly methods that enhance soil health, grape quality, and overall ecosystem biodiversity, thereby contributing significantly to the resilience and long-term sustainability of viticultural ecosystems. This study explored the effects of soil management practices, including chisel, disc harrow, and no tillage, as well as the impact of utilizing Antep radish, broccoli, and olive blackwater as fertilizer applications, on the biochemical composition, specifically biogenic amines (BAs), in the clusters of the 'Royal' grape cultivar within a vineyard setting. Results: Throughout the three-year study, no tillage soil management consistently emerged as the most influential soil treatment for enhancing BAs in 'Royal' grape berries, especially in combination with Antep radish and olive blackwater fertilizer applications. Among fertilizer applications, the nontreated control vines consistently had the highest concentrations of critical BAs, such as putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and dopamine, across different soil management practices. Among the soil management practices and fertilizer applications evaluated, the disc harrow soil management and olive blackwater fertilizer application generally yielded the lowest concentrations of BAs across several metrics.The PCA biplots indicated that experimental years have a similar effect on BA content in grape berries, with specific amines such as serotonin and dopamine being more affected in 2020, while cadaverine, histamine, spermidine, trimethylamine, and norepinephrine were more influenced in 2021, and putrescine, spermine, agmatine, and tryptamine in 2022. Conclusion: These findings hold significant implications for organic agriculture, emphasizing the nuanced influence of soil management practices and organic fertilizers on the BA composition of grape berries. Our results indicate the potential of tailored agricultural strategies to enhance plant health and quality, aligning with the principles of sustainability and environmental stewardship inherent to organic farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the stoichiometry of extracellular enzymes in soil, particularly in relation to nutrient acquisition (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus), provides valuable insights into microorganisms' resource requirements. This study investigates the metabolic constraints of soil microorganisms in response to different growth stages of apple trees under various soil management practices. A 14-year long-term experiment with a split-plot design was conducted, where the main plots received different cover crop treatments (bare vs. cover crop), and subplots were subjected to four fertilizer treatments (CK, M, NPK, MNPK). The significant main and interactive effects of cover crops, fertilizer treatment, and growth period on soil nutrients were observed (p < 0.001). Both cover crop and fertilizer treatments significantly increased the soil organic matter content, with implications for orchard resilience to drought. However, the cover factor alone did not notably influence soil carbon–nitrogen ratios or microbial communities. Microbial carbon limitations were driven by soil water dynamics and microbial biomass, while microbial phosphorus limitations were closely linked to total nitrogen levels. The results underscore the combination of cover crops and MNPK fertilizer-enhanced soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities, mitigating microbial carbon and phosphorus limitations. These findings suggest practical strategies for optimizing fertilization practices to improve soil fertility and address nutrient constraints in orchard ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic fertilization is very important to maintain sustainable land and environmental productivity. Organic fertilizer from Azolla has the advantage of increasing soil fertility by increasing nutrient availability. This study aimed to determine the effect of Azolla application on the availability and uptake of N, P, and K of Inpari 32 variety rice plants. This research used 9 treatments: (T0= control, T1= 90 kg/h NPK, T2= 45 kg/h NPK, T3= 10 t/h Manure, T4= 2 t/h Manure + 90 kg/h NPK, T5= 10 t/h Rice straw compost, T6= 2 t/h Rice straw compost + 90 kg/h NPK, T7= 10 t/h Azolla, T8= 2 t/h Azolla + 90 kg/h NPK) with as control and 3 replications, so there were 27 experimental plots. This research was located in the paddy field of Madiun Regency, East Java. The results showed that Azolla, manure, and straw compost at a dose of 10 t/ha increased soil C-organic, soil Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and soil pH, which was still in the neutral range. Azolla fertilizer increased the highest soil total N compared to cow manure and straw compost and increased the efficiency of NPK fertilizer use. Azolla (T7) increased soil available P (27.02 ppm) and exchangeable K (17.63 me/100g soil). Azolla had the highest available P effect. Azolla (T7) and manure (T4) were affected by increasing K-exchange. Azolla fertilizer, manure, and rice straw compost increased vegetative plant growth (plant height, number of tillers, shoot and root biomass). Among the three, Azolla fertilizer had the highest effect. Organic fertilization affected N, P, and K uptake, which was highest in Azola fertilizer (T7). For manure, varied NPK fertilizer (T4) just showed an increase in P uptake, and compost fertilizer varied NPK fertilizer (T6) showed a rise in K uptake. A positive relationship existed between the availability and uptake of nutrients N, P, and K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important and commercial vegetable crop. Organic farming is increasingly popular in Vietnam. Vermicompost, an organic fertilizer processed from red earthworm and cow manure, has a positive effect on plant growth, yield and quality of plant, and improved the soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vermicompost named BioGrow01 on the growth, yield, quality of lettuce plants and soil property under organic cultivation. A field experiment was conducted in the spring season from January to May 2022 at an organic farm at Huong An commune, Huong Tra town, Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam (N16047’2660”; E107052’6904”) with five application levels (e.g. 5, 8, 10, 12 and 15 tons per one hectare) of the vermicompost of BioGrow01. Growth parameters, yield components, yield of lettuce and soil property were investigated. The results showed that the vermicompost produced from cow manure and red worm had a positive effect on the growth and yield of lettuce. Application at the level of 12 and 15 t/ha was optimal levels produced highest yield of 20.3 and 22.7 t/ha, respectively. The soils decomposed with the vermicompost were increased organic matter and improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties. As results, farmers are recommended to use the vermicompost as an organic fertilizer for organic lettuce production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic farming, which is deeply rooted in traditional agricultural practices, has witnessed a profound evolution over the last century. Transitioning from a grassroots initiative resisting the industrialization of agriculture to a global industry, organic farming now plays a pivotal role in addressing contemporary challenges related to environmental health, sustainability, and food safety. Despite the growing consumer demand for organic products and market access, organic farming has its challenges. This paper discusses the origin and evolution of organic farming with an emphasis on different types of organic fertilizers, benefits, and challenges. Nutrient variability and the slow-release nature of organic fertilizer often do not meet crop demands and can substantially reduce yield. Some organic fertilizers, like manure and biosolids, can provide a higher yield benefit, but there are environmental and health risks associated with them. Weed and pest management in organic farming can be labor-intensive and increase costs. Inefficient planning of organic farming and rapid transition can also create food insecurity. This paper also gives a brief account of the current certification process for organic fertilizers and their technicalities. It showcases how the holistic approach of organic farming extends beyond production, including strategies like reducing food waste and building self-sufficient farming communities. These practices contribute to a more sustainable agricultural system, reducing environmental impacts and supporting local economies. Future technological innovations, especially in precision agriculture and bio-physicochemical models, can help in formulating targeted organic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic fertilization to the sustainability of agricultural systems by recycling nutrients and improving the physical properties of the soil; two important types of organic fertilizers, namely vermicompost and compost were tested to study their effect on soil and growth of common bean 'Sybaris'. They were mixed in different proportions of with soil by varying ratio: (100% soil, 100% compost, 100% vermicompost, 75% soil + 25% compost, 50% soil + 50% compost, 25% soil + 75% compost, 75% soil + 25% vermicompost, 50% soil + 50% vermicompost, 25% soil + 75% vermicompost, soil 33% + compost 33% + vermicompost 33%). The study findings showed ability of these two types of organic fertilizers to enrich plant growth, development and yield characteristics compared to the control treatment, with superiority of vermicompost, and there was also a clear discrepancy related to the rate of addition. Most of the results referred to superiority of the higher application rates of these two fertilizers, especially in the case of vermicompost (VC100%). The later treatment recorded the highest values in terms of vegetative, root and yield components. The study concluded that cultivation of bean and addition of vermicompost with soil replacement rates ranging from 50% to 100% has a significant impact on the development, growth, and productivity of the common bean plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to give an opportunity, value creation and innovation to the agropreneur's model farm in the emerging markets in implementing the new cost reduction practices in their farms using organic fertilizer. The performance of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is the dependent variable, while the dimensions of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) namely, i) proactiveness, ii) opportunity focus, iii) innovativeness, iv) resource leveraging and, v) value creation act as the independent variables. While government support programs (GSPs) measured as a mediator in this study. The model of structure for agropreneurs practices is conceptualized based on the Research Advantage Theory (RA). This research will employ a mixed-method design through explanatory sequential approach. The data collection started with quantitative and followed by qualitative approach in order to achieve the study objectives. This study anticipated findings which could elucidate the importance of entrepreneurial marketing dimensions on the performance of the agropreneur businesses as well as the moderating role of the government support program in affecting the relationship between the aforementioned constructs. The impact could be seen in the agricultural sector, especially agropreneurs in emerging markets. From the societal and economic perspective, the new intervention of several agencies and the innovation used of fertilizer are expected to improve the farmers and their products. Other farmers could implement the result and also help them increase their income. This research could theoretically contribute to both marketing and entrepreneurship literature on the significance of entrepreneurial marketing practices particularly among agropreneurs. As a practical implication, this study offers useful insight for the government agencies to effectively strategies and formulate its' efforts in the government support programs designed. This will help particularly the SME agropreneurs to sustain in the market eventually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of sustainable agriculture, the application of organic fertilizers to crops instead of chemical fertilizers has become an inevitable trend. However, little is known about the proportion of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers and how it affects the underlying microbial mechanisms of continuous pineapple soil. In this study, we used the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform to study the rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped pineapples to study the diversity and community structure of pineapple rhizosphere microorganisms. The results showed that, with 97% similarity, the number of OTUs of all samples obtained using hierarchical clustering analysis is 3645. Both conventional fertilization (CF) and optimal fertilization (YF) increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, and Sclericutes, and decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Blastomonas, and Verrucobacteria. The replacement of organic fertilizers increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, among which the relative abundance of chlorocurvus treated with the replacement of organic fertilizers of 80% was the highest. Different fertilization methods also changed the diversity and abundance of bacteria in the soil of the pineapple rhizosphere; the diversity of the species was E > D > C > CK > B > YF > CF. Based on the analysis of the PCoA and NMDS of soil bacterial communities, treatment E was similar to treatment D, treatment CK was similar to treatment YF, and treatment C and treatment D had little structural difference. On the basis of an analysis of the composition and function of the flora, it can be found that different fertilization methods have significant differences in the bacterial groups of the rhizosphere bacterial community of pineapple soil. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria was increased. When organic fertilizer replaces chemical fertilizer, it promotes the role of bacteria related to the carbon cycle in the rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to establish long-term dynamics and ways to increase the yield and quality of grain products in the conditions of unstable moistening in Ukraine based on the use of modern cost-effective and ecologically safe technologies, which include: scientifically based crop rotations with the effective use of highly productive and competitive varieties and hybrids of grain and leguminous crops, optimal combination of mineral and organic fertilizers with the use of by-products of the predecessors - straw of winter wheat, spring barley and peas, as well as stalks of corn. It was found that during 2016-2022, when applying the organo-mineral fertilization system, there was a rapid increase in yield compared to the control option without fertilizer application: winter wheat and corn for grain - by 17%, peas - by 30%, spring barley - by 32%; increase of all productivity indicators of short crop rotation - by 20-24%. When using an organic fertilization system, an increase in quality indicators is noted: in the grain of winter wheat and peas - protein, in the grain of corn and spring barley -digestible protein and starch. It was determined that the cultivation of highly productive and competitive corn for grain and winter wheat in a short crop rotation, as well as the reduction of costs when applying an organic fertilization system with the introduction of by-products of the predecessors, ensured the highest conditionally net profit - 12.8 thousand UAH/ha, as well as a high level of profitability - 121%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical fertilizers are crucial for increasing agricultural growth and productivity, but inorganic fertilizers can negatively impact agricultural systems. To address this issue, sustainable techniques like organic farming are being developed, which improve soil quality and nutritional status while preserving human safety. In the Botanical Garden, of Department of Botany at the University of Delhi, India, experiments on Brassica juncea were carried out over a three-year period in six micro plots, each measuring 10 square meters. Vermicompost (V), Sargassum johnstoni (S), NPK (N), Trichoderma viride (T), and Sargassum + Trichoderma viride were five distinct organic combinations that were used to replenish the garden soil (ST). The aim of the study was to assess the effects of organic fertilizers and compare the results with commercially available chemical fertilizers (NPK) on Brassica growth and yield. The study found that soil modified with seaweed fertilizers significantly improved the morphological, reproductive, and biochemical properties of plants. Sargassum + Trichoderma soil amendment led to early flowering and fruiting, better-quality produce, and a low incidence of fungal infection and aphid infestation. This study reveals a new cost-effective method for crop development and production sustainability, benefiting both farmers and environmentalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn gluten meal (CGM) and soybean meal (SBM) have demonstrated value as bioherbicides and organic fertilizers, but suggested application rates usually target either weed suppression or crop nutrition, not both. The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of integrating weed and nitrogen management by evaluating effects of increasing seed meal rates within planting holes of plastic mulch film on weed density, soil nitrogen availability, and crop yield in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea). CGM (10% N) or SBM (7% N) were applied at rates of 0.5, 1, 2, 3.5, or 5 g planting hole−1 N (depending on crop and year) after crops were transplanted, and 40 weed seeds per planting hole were seeded. Weed density decreased with increasing seed meal rate, regardless of type, and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) was more susceptible than the grass weeds tested. Velvetleaf suppression at the 5 g planting hole−1 N rate ranged from 66% to 97%, relative to the weedy control. Soil nitrogen availability increased with the application rate, but ammonium mineralized from seed meals applied at the highest rates were likely phytotoxic to weeds and crops. Seed meals never increased the crop yield and reduced the tomato yield in 2018 by 39% to 64%, relative to the weed-free control. The results suggest that integrating the management of weeds and nitrogen with seed meals in plastic mulch planting holes is not feasible because application rates required for consistent weed suppression are also toxic to crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four particular bread wheat assortments were included within the display to examine their yield and the physiological and biochemical properties underneath the effects of different organic and inorganic fertilization as well as biostimulator applications. The study was conducted at the Field Crop Research Center-Sulaimani \ KRG - IRAQ. In addition to mineral fertilizer, farmyard manure, poultry manure, and biofertilizer were utilized in a field experiment. The treatments were repeated in another field experiment with a biostimulator application. The biostimulator application in three diverse development stages of the studied wheat varieties was arranged to diminish the insufficiency coming about from the impact of organic fertilizers compared to the impact of synthesized fertilizer. The criteria related to the yield and yield components and some physiological and biochemical properties (Soluble Sugar, Phenols, Flavonoids, and Carotenoids Content) of wheat grains were assessed. The influence of organic sources increased the flag leaf area and chlorophyll content, although it declined with growth advantages. The impact of farmyard manure exceeded significantly other nutrient sources in the number of spikes m-2, Spike Partitioning Coefficient %, 1000-grain weight, and total grain yield displaying (253.542 spikes m-2, 40.429%, 36.89 g, and 2122.9 kg ha-1). Significant differences were found in Phytobiochemicals among the effects of nutrition sources and the biostimulator. The outcomes of soil analysis revealed a few enhancements, such as the decline in soil pH as well as an increase in soil organic matter due to organic fertilization and biostimulant application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the impact paths on soil organic carbon and crop yield of completely or partially substituting chemical N fertilizer with organic fertilizers. A four-year field experiment was conducted and included four treatments: (i) N0, no N fertilization application; (ii) NF, only synthetic N fertilizer application; (iii) 1/2OF, organic fertilizer substituted for 100% of the synthetic N fertilizer, with the total N application amount being equivalent to half that of NF; and (iv) 1/3OF + 2/3NF, organic fertilizer substituted for 1/3 of the synthetic N fertilizer with the total N application amount from organic and synthetic fertilizer being equivalent to that of NF. Soil total organic carbon (TOC), labile organic-carbon fractions (microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and easily oxidized organic carbon (EOC)), the carbon pool management index (CPMI), soil aggregated distribution, and water-stable aggregate-associated organic carbon were determined. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to clarify the impact paths of TOC and garlic yield changes under different N fertilizer treatments. Results showed that compared with N0 and NF, 1/2OF and 1/3OF + 2/3NF significantly increased TOC contents by 14.1–20.6%. Soil MBC, DOC, and EOC under 1/2OF were significantly higher than under N0, whereas the 1/3OF + 2/3NF treatment had significantly greater POC. The CPMI was improved by organic fertilizer treatment, with 1/2OF treatment being significantly higher than N0 and NF. The proportion of soil aggregate mass with particle sizes >2 mm was significantly greater under N0, while 1/3OF + 2/3NF significantly increased the proportion of particle sizes of 0.5–2 mm. Soil water-stable aggregate-associated organic carbon showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with the largest particle sizes being 1–2 mm. Moreover, organic fertilizer significantly increased soil water-stable aggregate organic carbon compared with N0 and NF. Similarly, the garlic yield increased with organic fertilizer treatment, while 1/3OF + 2/3NF significantly increased the yield by 37.2% and 15.3%, respectively, compared with N0 and NF. Furthermore, SEM analysis indicated that fertilizer regimes could directly affect TOC and labile organic carbon components by affecting aggregate-associated organic carbon. In particular, aggregates with particle sizes of 0.5–2 mm played an important role, indirectly affecting garlic yield and CPMI. These results indicate that organic fertilizer application has the potential to improve soil organic-carbon content and garlic yield; moreover, fully applying organic fertilizer can reduce N fertilizer input while still maintaining an increase in soil organic carbon and crop yield in the short term. However, caution is still needed regarding of the type and quantity of organic fertilizer added in different cropping systems, and with different soil textures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a warm season leguminous cover crop, is commonly used in rotation with organic strawberry production in Florida's subtropical environment. This study was conducted to explore the impacts of sunn hemp on growth and yield performance of the subsequent organic strawberry crop in sandy soils, taking into consideration the nutrient contribution from soil incorporation of sunn hemp biomass. Sunn hemp was seeded during the summer off-season and terminated before flowering, three weeks prior to the fall planting of two strawberry cultivars ('Strawberry Festival' and 'Camino Real'). With sunn hemp residues incorporated into the soil, two application rates of nitrogen (N) through pre-plant organic fertilization for the strawberry season were used, including N at a rate of 84 kg/ha, without consideration of the N credit from sunn hemp, and N at a rate of 19.8 kg/ha, with consideration of the estimated N credit from sunn hemp. A summer fallow without cover crop and with a pre-plant organic fertilizer application at the N rate of 84 kg/ha was included as the control. Overall, the sunn hemp incorporation at three weeks after termination did not benefit the strawberry plant growth or fruit yield in this study, with rather low levels of soilborne pathogen and nematode infestations. Both sunn hemp treatments exhibited a significantly lower level of total soil N compared to the summer fallow plots at the end of the strawberry season. The reduction in the pre-plant N fertilization resulted in lower above-ground plant dry weight and accumulation of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) at the end of the strawberry season, along with fewer leaves and smaller crowns of the strawberry plants during the early season. Both sunn hemp treatments decreased early fruit yields, while the sunn hemp treatment with the reduced N fertilization also led to a significant reduction in the total fruit number and weight, although no significant differences in the whole-season marketable fruit yield were observed among the nutrient management treatments. Overall, 'Strawberry Festival' yielded higher than 'Camino Real', but the effects of nutrient management did not vary with the strawberry cultivars. Further studies are needed to enhance organic strawberry nutrient management involving rotational cover crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of radish in an organic system has potential for production to such a degree that alternatives of cultivation have been used to improve productivity in relation to fertilization. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of organomineral fertilization on gas exchange, growth, and production of radish. The experiment was carried in nonclimatized greenhouse crop, with a metallic structure in form of arc, covered with 150 mm lowdensity polyethylene, in greater length-oriented East-Oste direction of Science and Technology Center of Federal University of Campina Grande, using the Crimson Gigante variety. The soil used experiment was fluvic neosol. The experimental design used was the completely randomized with three replications, using the Crimson Gigante variety. Seven treatments were used, which consisted of three doses of cattle manure (37.5; 75.0, and 150g per pot), three concentrations of biofertilizer (5; 10 and 15%), and mineral fertilization. This work analyzed the characteristics of growth, production, and gas exchange. The treatment (5% biofertilizer) provided greater height of the radish plants, however, the (75.0g manure per pot) resulted in a higher number of leaves. The concentration of 10% of the biofertilizer, obtained the largest diameter, fresh and dry matter of the tuberous root. The treatment presented higher fresh and dry matter of the leaves when compared with the other treatments. The use of organic fertilizers promoted greater production in the radish crop and can be used as an alternative to conventional fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major issue in modern agriculture is long-term sustainability. Nutrient management by integrating organic manures and inorganic fertilizers may play a vital role in improving and sustaining crop productivity. A long-term field experiment (since 1984) comprising 11 treatments with different combinations of inorganic and organic fertilizers such as farm yard manure (FYM), wheat cut straw (WCS) and Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata L.) as green manure (GM) was conducted to evaluate their effects on crop yield, nutrient accumulation and soil fertility status under a rice – wheat cropping system. The maximum grain yield of wheat was recorded in T6, i.e. 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 50% nitrogen through FYM in rice and 100% RDF in wheat (4291 kg ha−1) as compared to chemically fertilized plots T5, i.e. 100% RDF in both rice and wheat (3441 kg ha−1). The application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers reduced soil pH and bulk density from 7.40 to 7.23 and 1.49 to 1.37 g cm−3, respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), available soil nutrients and nutrient accumulation by crop were higher in integrated nutrient management-treated plots as compared to control. A positive and significant correlation was observed between SOC and available soil nitrogen (r = 0.987), phosphorus (r = 0.913) and potassium (r = 0.921). The results clearly suggest that integrated use of chemical fertilizers and organic manures on a long-term basis improves soil fertility and crop productivity with the potential to enhance soil sustainability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, there is an increasing pressure to reduce the chemical load in plant-based foods, a situation especially driven by European consumers, so it is urgent to develop clean production practices such as the use of organic fertilizers in crop production. The present study aimed to determine the effect of the edaphic dose of earthworm humus and water hyacinth in bell pepper production used as organic fertilizers. The research was carried out at the Experimental Center "La Playita", Technical University of Cotopaxi, La Maná Extension, located at 120 m above sea level. Two organic fertilizers were evaluated in doses of 1.0; 2.5; 3.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.5 and 8.0 kg-m-² established in a randomized block design. The variables evaluated were: plant height (cm), number of fruits and fruit biomass (g), recorded during six years. The result of the 5 and 8 kg-m-² dosages allowed a better development and production of the pimento crop with organic fertilizer, water hyacinth. In conclusion, it is necessary to nourish a soil based on the soil and compost analysis where the exact dosage of organic matter required by a soil can be rescued. in urban-marginal and rural areas of the province of Guayas (Ecuador). By means of an applied study with a qualitative, quantitative, field, descriptive-prospective-analytical-transversal approach, fecal samples of humans and their domestic dogs from the indicated areas will be analyzed, in order to know: The relationship between the environment-helminths-and hosts, prevalence of neglected intestinal helminthiases, zoonotic association, characterization of environmental variables, specification of social determinants of health and generate scientific production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correct cultivation technique supported by scientific evidence that leads to high-quality standards can promote sustainable floriculture. It is urgent to find alternative solutions to the widely used chemical fertilizers and evaluate the effectiveness of other fertilizers. The liquid organic ones, already in use in organic vegetable farming, could be a good substitute if supplied together with growth-promoting products such as microbial biostimulants. In the hope of replacing the traditional chemicals with a more sustainable organic-based fertilization, the present investigation aimed to evaluate the effects of a microbial biostimulant and various combinations of organic and mineral fertilization on morphological characteristics and physiological parameters of Tagetes patula L. and Ageratum houstonianum Mill. The plants were grown in pots with a substrate inoculated or not with the microbial biostimulant and were fertigated with nutrient solutions at different concentrations of elements from mineral and/or organic sources. Six fertilization formulas were adopted: control (only water without fertilizer), 100% mineral fertilization, 50% mineral fertilization, 100% organic fertilization, 50% organic fertilization, and 50% mineral + 50% organic fertilization. For the organic fertilization, a commercial liquid fertilizer admitted in organic farming with 3-2-5.5 NPK with 3% organic nitrogen was used. Mineral fertilization was formulated to match the organic solution as closely as possible. We observed an improvement in ornamental value (stem diameter and shoot number) with the biostimulant inoculum. Generally, the 50% mineral and 50% organic fertilization did not negatively influence the morphological characteristics. The reduction by 50% in the mineral nutrients and the integration of this reduction with an organic fertilizer was feasible to produce potted plants of these species during spring in the Mediterranean area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a tropical fruit appreciated for its attractiveness and nutritional value. The yellow variety (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and the purple variety (Passiflora edulis f. edulis) are the best-known species, both rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and bioactive compounds. Despite their potential, passion fruit by-products, such as seeds and peel, are underutilized, despite being sources of phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The leaves are considered insignificant, yet they contain nutrients and medicinal effects beneficial to health. Nevertheless, these by-products have diverse uses and applications. In this sense, this work seeks to document research on passion fruit and its by-products, emphasizing their composition and possible uses in agroindustrial products. In addition to propose pest biocontrol strategies to preserve the quality of the crop and the implementation of organic fertilizers in crops, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. In this sense, it is urgent not only to diversify the agroindustry and develop new products, but also to contribute to the reduction of environmental impact and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The integrated use of passion fruit emerges as a key strategy for moving towards more efficient and sustainable production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the purpose to define the appropriate doses in the production of mint cultivation, this research was conducted in three locations (Gibraltar, Arboleda and Aguacatal) of the municipality of Jardín, Antioquia. The soils of these localities are andisols, with medium contents of organic matter, low in interchangeable bases, low in phosphorus and boron, with characteristics of low fertility. For this research, Mentha spicata L. (mint) was seeded at a distance of 0.3x0.3 m, in an experimental design of randomized complete blocks with four repetitions, with five increasing doses of compound fertilizer (10-30-10) (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1), in combination of five increasing doses of organic fertilizer (0, 1.8, 3.6, 5.4, and 7 t ha-1), and one control with a biological fertilizer. In five foliage harvests, the highest dry matter (DM) yields were achieved with the application of 180 and 120 kg ha-1 of 10-30-10, with yields of 156 and 158 g of DM per square meter, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic wheat production systems have lower yields compared with intensive conventional production and often do not achieve the grain protein content and quality thresholds set by millers and bakers. In contrast, organic production methods were reported to result in higher concentrations of nutritionally desirable micronutrients and lower concentrations of the toxic metal Cd in wheat grain and wholegrain flour. However, although N-availability and variety characteristics are known to affect both gain yields and bread-making quality, the exact reasons for the yield gap and differences in grain processing and nutritional quality between organic and conventional spring wheat production in the UK are poorly understood. The overall aim of this study was therefore to determine to what extent changes in variety choice and fertilization regimes may reduce the yield gap and improve processing quality without affecting nutritional quality in organic spring wheat production. To achieve this aim, we compared crop health, yield, grain processing, and nutritional quality parameters in spring wheat produced using (i) six contrasting spring wheat varieties grown with a standard fertilization regime and (ii) one variety widely used by organic farmers (Paragon) with nine different fertilization regimes in (iii) three UK sites/farms with contrasting pedoclimatic conditions. Significant differences in foliar disease severity, grain yield, and quality parameters were detected between six contrasting spring wheat varieties when grown under organic management regimes. Specifically, the varieties Paragon and Tybalt were identified as the best-performing varieties with respect to foliar disease resistance and grain yield under organic farming conditions and also produced high processing and nutritional quality across the three UK sites. However, the highest grain yields were obtained by Paragon at the Gilchester site and Tybalt at the Sheepdrove and Courtyard sites, while the highest protein contents were produced by Tybalt at the Gilchester site and Paragon at the Sheepdrove and Courtyard sites, which suggests that there is a need for site-specific wheat variety selection in the UK organic sector. Although organic fertilizer input type and level also affected wheat performance, differences between fertilization regimes were smaller than those observed between the five contrasting varieties, which suggests that improvements in spring wheat breeding/selection have a greater potential for increasing crop yield and quality in the organic sector compared with changes to fertilization practices. Overall, results suggest it is feasible to breed/select spring wheat varieties that combine high protein, vitamin E, and micronutrients with low toxic metal (Cd, Pb) concentrations when produced under organic farming conditions. These findings also support the hypothesis that differences in variety choice by organic and conventional farmers have contributed to the differences in nutritional quality between organic and conventional wheat products reported in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To provide an ecological alternative for sugarcane producers in northern Belize evaluating the response of the crop to organic fertilizer (bovine biol and bokashi). Design/Methodology/Approach: Ten treatments with different doses and combinations of bokashi and bovine manure-based biol were applied in a crop of the sugarcane variety B79-474 in the northern region of Belize. Results: The combination of 3 t ha-1 of bokashi applied to the soil and 2% biol applied to the leaves recorded the best sugarcane yields, with an average weight of 2.0 kg per processable stalk. Study Limitations/Implications: Bokashi production involves the use of large amounts of manure, which are difficult to transport and handle with simple tools. Findings/Conclusions: The sugarcane variety B79-474 had a positive response to organic fertilizer (average yield: 2.0 kg per stalk and 330 t ha-1 of cane), applying 3 t ha-1 of bokashi to the soil and 2% biol to the leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The era of using synthetic chemical fertilizers in agriculture is slowly being abandoned and is now entering the era of organic fertilizers. Against this background, this study aims to: (1) Analyze the implementation of environmental social responsibility programs at PT. Pertamina EP Subang Field, Jatibarang Field, Tambun Field (2) Analyzing the process of implementing environmental social responsibility at PT. Pertamina EP Subang Field, Jatibarang Field, Tambun Field (3) Analyze the implications of behavior related to the implementation of environmental social responsibility at PT. Pertamina EP Subang Field, Jatibarang Field, and Tambun Field in terms of sustainable development responsibilities and social empowerment. This research method uses qualitative methods. The data analysis technique uses the four strategic principles of Carroll's pyramid. The results of the research show that PT Pertamina EP Subang Field, Jatibarang Field, and Tambun Field have and are implementing the four strategic principles of the Carroll pyramid in principle, including economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic principles. Meanwhile, the managerial implication of this research is the management of PT. Pertamina EP Subang Field, Jatibarang Field, and Tambun Field must continue their responsibilities in these four dimensions. Companies must also continue to provide concrete support for the development of new, renewable energy and energy conservation (EBTKE) through the establishment of Subholding Power & NRE. Companies must continue to strive to change HR behavior, internally and externally, so that social and environmental responsibilities can be carried out together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peach branches is a by-product of peach industry. Making peach branch waste into peach branch organic fertilizer (PBOF) is a promising strategy of ecological utilization. In this study, the effects of PBOF on the yield and quality of peach fruit, chemical properties of bulk soil, and soil bacterial communities were investigated in a peach orchard. The results showed that the yield and sugar/acid ratio of two high-level PBOF treatments (SDH.4 and SKR.4) was higher than no fertilization treatment (CK), but there was no significant difference compared to the commercial organic fertilizer treatment (SYT.4). Moreover, the three fertilizer treatments increased soil nutrients such as soil organic matter (SOM) and available potassium (AK), compared to CK. Furthermore, PBOF increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, and enhanced the soil bacterial co-occurrence pattern and the potential function of bacterial communities to degrade exogenous compounds. In addition, thanks to the local policy of encouraging the use of PBOF, the use cost of PBOF is lower than commercial organic fertilizer, which is conducive to the development of ecological agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Farm to Fork strategy promotes the development of organic farming and discourages the use of artificial fertilizers. The sustainable agricultural system increases the reduction of waste, allows the reuse of by-products and prefers renewable resources for the production of fertilizers. The European Union (EU) Regulation 2019/1009, called the Regulation on Fertilizer Products (FPR), enhances biomass conversion in organic fertilizers through the exploitation of certain animal by-products. High- and medium-risk animal by-products (Category 1 and 2 materials) must not be recycled in the food chain and therefore must be traceable and permanently marked with glyceroltriheptanoate (GTH) to discriminate them from low-risk materials [processed animal proteins (PAPs) and category 3 fat]. The EU regulates the use of category 2 meat and bone meal (MBM) and PAPs for fertilizers' production which can ensure a proper supply of macro, micronutrients and organic matter. This study aimed to improve fat extraction and to quantify with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS) the detectable amount of GTH in organic fertilizer containing MBM, PAPs, and dry manure in different percentages. The following performance parameters were evaluated: fat recovery (%), GTH recovery (%), matrix effect (ME%), linearity range, coefficient of variation (CV%), and repeatability limit (r). This research represents a first evaluation of organic fertilizers produced from MBM, PAPs, and dry manure and its willing to be a starting point for a deeper investigation of a higher number of organic fertilizers produced from different kind of animal by-products' raw materials according to FPR regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association of conventional fertilizers with fertilizers of organic origin is a well-known practice in agriculture for achieving high productivity and also with the adoption of inoculants, composed of bacteria for promoting better plant development of crops. Thus, the objective of the work was to investigate the growth and productivity of radish with organic fertilization and the influence of the use of nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Azospirillum spp. radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Hybrid Margaret Queen. The treatments were the use of different doses of organic fertilizer and the application of Azospirillum brasilense, besides the control. At the end of the cycle, plant height, tuber diameter, tuber fresh mass, tuber dry mass, and total tuber fresh mass were evaluated. With and without application of A. brasilense, increases of 16.5% and 6.40% in tuber diameter were obtained, respectively. Without application of A. brasilense, there was an increase of 0.37% in leaf dry mass when the maximum concentration of 8 kg m² of organic fertilizer was used. For root fresh mass and root dry mass, with foliar application of A. brasilense, there was an increase of 9.57% and 0.67%, while without A. brasilense there was an increase of 2.43% and 0.22%. There were increases of 12.83% for total fresh mass with the management of A. brasilense and 3.4% without A. brasilense, using the maximum concentration of 8 kg m² of organic fertilizer. For height, there was an increase of 5.12% without A. brasilense. It was concluded that organic fertilization alone or combined with A. brasilense is an alternative in radish production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]