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The cyclization of N-polynitroalkyl-N-nitrosoaminoacetic acids to sydnones occurs only under the influence of trifluoroacetic anhydride. Closing to a sydnonimine ring does not occur in the case of N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-N-nitrosoaminoacetonitrile, but N-(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)-N-nitrosoiminoacetic acid imino ester is formed. Removal of the nitro groups in the γ position relative to the nitrosoamino group leads to normal occurrence of the reaction to give polynitroalkylsydnonimines.

1. The reaction of the potassium salts of polynitroalkanes, their functional derivatives, nitroamines, and imides of carboxylic acids with ICI in a medium of inert solvents or in water results in the formation of the corresponding α-iodonitro derivatives, N-iodo-N-nitroamines, and N-iodoimides of the carboxylic acids. 2. The possibility of the replacement of a mobile hydrogen by iodine when nitroform is reacted with iodine monochloride has been demonstrated.

Methods of preparation of α-halogenonitroalkanes and their functional derivatives are surveyed, together with the chief results obtained for the geometric parameters, electronic structure, and ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic and quadrupole resonance spectroscopy, as well as acid–base properties. Reactions involving reduction, addition at multiple bonds, substitution of halogen atoms and the nitro-group, and interaction with diazoalkanes are analysed, and the most important mechanisms are discussed. Data are given on the toxicity, physiological activity, and practical use of these compounds. A list of 316 references is included.

1-(2-Furyl)-2-nitropropen-3-ones were synthesized by reaction of nitrogen tetroxide with a number of α, β-unsaturated furylcarbonyl compounds. The 5-nitrofuryl derivative was obtained from 1-(2-furyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propen-3-one when the excess amount of N2O4 was increased. Replacement of bromine by a nitro group in the furan ring is observed in the case of the 5-bromofuryl derivative.

The review gives for the first time a systematic account of the extensive literature data on the chemistry of aliphatic nitrosamines. A separate chapter summarises the work on the physical properties, structure, and spectra of N-nitroso-derivatives. The chemical behaviour of the nitrosamines is determined largely by the characteristics of the p–π-conjugation in the fragment. The principal chemical reactions of nitrosamines are treated from this standpoint: the denitrosation reaction, the formation of complexes, the cyclisation to sydnones and sydnoneimines, and the synthesis of lactams. In conclusion, certain aspects of the practical applications of nitrosamines are considered. The bibliography includes 272 references.

Methods of making primary aliphatic nitroamines are considered. In addition to the well-known traditional methods for the preparation of nitroamines, little known methods for making them are examined and prospects for their further development are discussed. This review is the first attempt in the world's literature to systematise the wealth of published material on primary aliphatic nitroamines. The literature is covered up to the end of 1967 or beginning of 1968. There is a bibliography of 207 references.

The review deals with the methods of synthesis of aliphatic diazoketones and gives a systematic account of the extensive literature data on their chemistry. The work on the physical properties, structures, and ultraviolet, infrared, and NMR spectra of diazoketones is summarised in a separate section where problems of p–π conjugation and rotational isomerism are also discussed. The concluding section deals with the hitherto few but interesting data on the biological activity of diazoketones. The bibliography includes 295 references.

Trinitroethyl esters of pyrazolinecarboxylic acids were synthesized by the reaction of trinitroethyl sters of unsaturated carboxylic acids with diazomethane. The reaction is stereospecific. The trinitroethyl esters of pyrazolecarboxylic acids and N-acyl derivatives of pyrazolines were isolated during a study of the chemical properties of the compounds obtained.

1. A convenient method has been developed for preparation of aliphatic N-chloro-N-nitroamines. 2. The chemical stability of the N-chloro-N-nitroamine decreases with increased acidity in the original primary nitroamine. 3. 2,5-Dinitro-2,5-diazahexane-1,6-diol was obtained for the first time.

The reaction of some aliphatic diazo compounds with trans-1-phenyl-1,2-dinitroethylene gave the first representatives of 4-nitroisoxazoline N-oxides, which differ from the unknown 3-nitroisoxazoline N-oxides with respect to their individual physical and chemical properties.

Trinitromethylation reactions were realized in aqueous medium between alkyl iodides and the trinitromethane mercury salt.

The nitro-group in nitroalkanes and nitramines can serve as a ligand in the reaction of complex formation with bis(trinitromethyl)mercury.

2-Arylfuro[2,3-b]quinoxalines were obtained by cyclization of 2-phenacyl-3-quinoxalones in the presence of polyphosphoric acid or a mixture of phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride.

1. A convenient preparative method for preparingα-halogenated nitroalkanes has been suggested, by the reaction of salts of nitroalkanes with N-halogen-N-nitroamines or N-halogen acid imides. 2. A reaction of substitution of a nitro group in tetranitromethane by chlorine under the action of chloramine B in a medium of aprotonic solvents of the type of dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide has been found.