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A new, efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of BMS-337197, a novel IMPDH inhibitor. The new method uses the readily available 2-bromo-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanone as a starting reagent and provides BMS-337197 in 9 steps in 55% overall yield on a multigram scale.

LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1), is a member of the beta(2)-integrin family and is expressed on all leukocytes. The LFA-1/ICAM interaction promotes tight adhesion between activated leukocytes and the endothelium, as well as between T cells and antigen-presenting cells. Evidence from both animal models and clinical trials provides support for LFA-1 as a target in several different inflammatory diseases. This paper describes the de novo design, synthesis and in vitro activity of LFA-1 antagonists based on a bicyclic[5.5]hydantoin scaffold.

A series of novel small molecule inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH), based upon a 3-cyanoindole core, were explored. IMPDH catalyzes the rate determining step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis and is a target for anticancer, immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SAR), derived from in vitro studies, for this new series of inhibitors is given.

The first reported structure-activity relationships (SARs) about the N-[3-methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl moiety for a series of recently disclosed inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitors are described. The syntheses and in vitro inhibitory values for IMPDH II, and T-cell proliferation (for select analogues) are given.

Screening of our in-house compound collection led to the discovery of 5-bromo-6-amino-2-isoquinoline 1 as a weak inhibitor of IMPDH. Subsequent optimization of 1 afforded a series of novel 2-isoquinolinoaminooxazole-based inhibitors, represented by 17, with single-digit nanomolar potency against the enzyme.

A series of novel quinolone-based small molecule inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was explored. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) derived from in vitro studies are described.

A series of retro-binding inhibitors of human α-thrombin was prepared to elucidate structure–activity relationships (SAR) and optimize in vivo performance. Compounds 9 and 11, orally active inhibitors of thrombin catalytic activity, were identified to be efficacious in a thrombin-induced lethality model in mice.

A series of heterocyclic replacements for the central diamide moiety of 1, a potent small molecule inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) were explored The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs), derived from in vitro studies, for these new series of inhibitors is given.

A series of novel guanidine-based small molecule inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was explored. IMPDH catalyzes the rate determining step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis and is a target for anticancer, immunosuppressive and antiviral therapy. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs), derived from in vitro studies, for this new series of inhibitors is given.

We have identified a novel series of 1,5-imidazoquinoxalines as inhibitors of Lck with excellent potency (IC50s5 nM) as well as good cellular activity against T-cell proliferation (IC50s1 microM). Structure-activity studies demonstrate the requirement for the core heterocycle in addition to an optimal 2,6-disubstituted aniline group.

The preparation of 2,4-disubstituted oxazolidine-functionalized glycine ester 3a derived from phenylglycinol is described. MgSO4, CH2Cl2, diphenylacetaldehyde, rt.

Substituted 5-amidine indoles were constructed based upon a computational analysis of putative modes of binding to thrombin utilizing coordinates from the crystal structure of BMS-183,507-α-thrombin complex. These analogs display competitive kinetics for the inhibition of human α-thrombin. The most potent member of this series 17, shows marked potency for thrombin with an inhibition constant, Ki of 260 nM.

A mild and efficient method for the preparation of guanidines by reaction of an acylated thiourea with an amine followed by removal of the acyl group(s) from the intermediate acylguanidine is reported.

The preparation of 2,4-disubstituted oxazolidine-functionalized glycine ester 3a derived from phenylglycinol is described. MgSO4, CH2Cl2, diphenylacetaldehyde, rt.

α-Hydroxy- and α-ketoester functionalized D-Phe-Pro-Lys tripeptides were found to be potent thrombin active site inhibitors. The ketoester derivatives were characterized by slow binding kinetics. The most potent of the series was 9 (BMS 181, 412) with an overall inhibition constant Ki* of 0.0017 μM.

A mild and efficient method for the preparation of guanidines by reaction of an acylated thiourea with an amine followed by removal of the acyl group(s) from the intermediate acylguanidine is reported.

1,2,4-Triazole-3,5-diamine derivatives were synthesized in moderate to high yields in one-pot reaction from the corresponding isothiocyanates, mono-substituted hydrazines, and sodium hydrogencyanamide, in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. Typically, two target compounds were obtained, but high regioselectivities to one isomer were observed when aromatic and sterically bulky hydrazines were used. A number of examples with a detailed representative procedure are given.

The development of a series of novel indole-based inhibitors of 5'-inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is described. Various hydrogen bond acceptors at C-3 of the indole were explored. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) derived from in vitro studies are outlined.

The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of analogues derived from the introduction of basic residues on ring D of quinolone-based inhibitors of IMPDH are described. This led to the identification of compound 27 as a potent inhibitor of IMPDH with significantly improved aqueous solubility over the lead compound 1.

A modified approach to the synthesis of 3-(oxazolyl-5-yl) indoles is reported. This method was applied to the synthesis of series of novel indole based inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH). The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs), derived from in vitro studies, for this new series of inhibitors is given.

A series of anilino(imidazoquinoxaline) analogues bearing solubilizing side chains at the 6- and 7-positions of the fused phenyl ring has been prepared and evaluated for inhibition against Lck enzyme and of T-cell proliferation. Significant improvement of the cellular activity was achieved over the initial lead, compound 2.

A series of novel triazine-based small molecule inhibitors (IV) of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase was prepared. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SAR) derived from in vitro studies are described.

[structure: see text] A modified approach to the synthesis of 2-(N-aryl)-1,3-oxazoles, employing an optimized iminophosphorane/heterocumulene-mediated methodology, and its application to the synthesis of BMS-337197, a potent inhibitor of IMPDH, are described.

A series of novel amide-based small molecule inhibitors of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase is described. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) derived from in vitro studies are presented.

A series of structurally novel small molecule inhibitors of human α-thrombin was prepared to elucidate their structure–activity relationships (SARs), selectivity and activity in vivo. BMS-189664 ( 3 ) is identified as a potent, selective, and orally active reversible inhibitor of human α-thrombin which is efficacious in vivo in a mouse lethality model, and at inhibiting both arterial and venous thrombosis in cynomolgus monkey models.

A novel series of retro-binding tripeptide thrombin active-site inhibitors was recently developed (Iwanowicz, E. I. et al. J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 21111). It was hypothesized that the binding mode for these inhibitors is similar to that of the first three N-terminal residues of hirudin. This binding hypothesis was subsequently verified when the crystal structure of a member of this series, BMS-183,507 ( N-[N-[N-[ 4-(Aminoiminomethyl)aminol-l-oxobutyl]- l -phenylalanyl]- l -allo-threonyl]- l -phenylalanine , methyl ester), was determined (Taberno, L. J. Mol. Biol. 1995, 246, 142) The methodology for developing the binding models of these inhibitors, the structure-activity relationships (SAR) and modeling studies that led to the elucidation of the proposed binding mode is described. The crystal structure of BMS-183,507/human α-thrombin is compared with the crystal structure of hirudin/human α-thrombin (Rydel, T. J. et al. Science 1990, 249, 227;3 Rydel, T. J. et al. J. Mol Biol. 1991, 221, 583;4 Grutter, M. G. et al. EMBO J. 1990, 9, 23615) and with the computational binding model of BMS-183,507.