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The combination of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with polycaprolactone (PCL) has been considered a promising strategy for designing scaffolds for bone grafting. This study incorporated PCL with commercially available β-TCP (OsteoceraTM) to fabricate an injectable bone substitute and evaluate the effect of PCL on compressive strength and setting time of the hydraulic cement. The mechanical testing was compliant with the ASTM D695 and ASTM C191-13 standards. Results showed that PCL-TCP composite presented a well-defined architecture with uniform pore distribution and a significant increase in compressive strength compared with β-TCP alone. Eighteen rabbits, each with two surgically created bone defects, were treated using the PCL-TCP composites. The composite materials were resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone tissue. Both PCL-TCP and β-TCP demonstrated equivalent clinical effects on osteoconduction property in terms of the percentage of newly formed bone area measured by histomorphometric analysis. PCL-TCP was proven to be as effective as the commercially available β-TCP scaffold (OsteoceraTM).

Two new cerebrosides, ferocerebrosides A (1) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxydocosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine] and B (2) [(2S,3R,4E,8E,2'R)-1-O-(beta-glucopyranosyl)-N-(2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl)-4,8-sphingadienine], two new tocopherol trimers, ferotocotrimers C (5) and D (6), and two known tocopherol trimers, IVb (3) and IVa (4), were isolated from the seeds of Euryale ferox. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data, especially 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, with LC50 values of 0.17 and 0.20 mM, respectively.

Two new compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Monochoria vaginalis and characterized as: (10Z)-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)octadec-10-en-1-one (1) (20R, 24R)-campest-5-ene-3β, 4β-diol (2) together with nine known ones. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.

Two new flavonoids, kaempferol 7-O-(2-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-l-rhamnoside) (1) and kaempferol 7-O-(2,3-di-E-p-coumaroyl-alpha-l-rhamnoside) (2), together with 10 known compounds were isolated from the flowers and fruit of Tetrapanax papyriferus. Compounds 1 and 2 showed cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay with LC(50) values of 0.57 and 0.40 mM, respectively.

Two new flavonoid glycosides, takakin 8-O-β-D-glucuronide 6″methyl ester (2), takakin 8-O-β-D-glucuronide 2″-sodium sulfate (3) together with a known flavonoid glycoside, takakin 8-O-β-D-glucuronide were isolated from the root bark of Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae). The stru- ctures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectrosco- pic and chemical evidence

A new sesquiterpene lactone glucoside, 8-epicrepioside G(1) together with two known compounds, 8-epidesacylcynaropicrin glucoside (2) and ixerin D (3) were isolated from the whole plant of Ixeris chinensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectro- scopic evidence. Compounds (1),(2) and (3) taste of strong bitterness

A new withanolide as a topoisomerase II inhibitor, withangulatin A was isolated from the whole herb of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae). The structure of withangulatin A was established as (20S, 22R)-15α-acetoxy-5β,6β-epoxy-4β,14α-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,16,24-trienolide on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence

The reaction of indole with propiolic acid ia 1 : 1 mole ratio gave an adduct (I) of 2 : 1 addition with decarboxylation. The reaction of indole with propiolic acid methyl ester gave a 2 : 1 adduct (II). Hydrolysis of adduct II yield the corresponding carboxylic acid (IV). Decarboxylation of IV also gave I. The mechanism of title reaction were fully studied.

The whole herb of Hypericum subalatum Hayata contains three flavonoids, caffeic acid esters, a pyranoxanthone, and three xanthines, in addition to the previously reported xanthonolignoids. Among these compounds, 2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyxanthone has not been described in the literature before. The co-occurrence of xanthone derivatives and flavonoids in this plant is of chemotaxonomic significance.