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The research was conducted to assess the impact of various organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Calcuttia Single using a randomized complete block design with eight treatments including vermicompost, farmyard manure, poultry manure, charcoal, NPK fertilizer, and their combinations in triplicates. Measurements of vegetative and reproductive parameters were recorded at 35, 55 and 85 DAT. Results revealed that compared to the control, poultry manure and vermicompost, singly or combined with NPK, significantly enhanced both vegetative and reproductive traits. Poultry manure resulted in the tallest plants (126.21 cm), the highest number of branches (29.93), and the largest flowers (14.11 cm diameter), with the earliest flowering (51.33 days). Vermicompost showed effectiveness in plant height (117.37 cm), number of branches (28.80), plant spread (81.43 cm) and flower number (40.47) The control plot exhibited the least effectiveness in all parameters. These findings highlight the significant role of organic fertilizers in enhancing the growth and yield of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) var. Calcuttia Single.

Organic–inorganic composites have important applications, especially in the area of bonded abrasives. They exhibit mechanical performances that cannot be achieved with organic materials alone and present an extremely stable performance, even at elevated temperatures. In this summary of our studies, we focus on the exceptional mechanical properties achieved by incorporating inorganic particles into a crosslinked matrix consisting of phenolic resin. A crosslinker such as hexamethylenetetramine reacts with the phenolic resins to form a stable 3‐dimensional matrix to "glue" the inorganic particles together. In order to achieve such uniform dispersion of the seemingly incompatible reacting components, a plasticizer, or wetting liquid, is usually employed. We have developed several environmentally appropriate wetting liquids that have proved to be superior to the traditionally used toxic substances. Some of the reactive wetting liquids used even enhanced the mechanical properties of the resulting composites by contributing additional crosslinks to the final reacted systems. A combination of techniques including the use of low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance has been used to characterize the curing process and assess the changes in mechanical properties at the molecular level. Detailed studies characterized the effects of moisture on the curing process and changes in mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron (Fe) is a crucial mineral for the health of fish. The investigation explored the effects of two different sources of iron (organic and inorganic) and two levels (60 and 85 mg/kg) of Fe on the innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and hematological responses of Nile tilapia. Fish with an average weight of 16.57 ± 2.25 g were fed three times a day for a duration of seven weeks. A total of 400 fish were distributed among 20 tanks, each with a capacity of 240 L and housing 20 fish. The experiment comprised five treatments, and the experimental design employed was a completely randomized design, which included the following treatments: a basal diet (BD) with no addition of Fe in the premix, 60 mg/kg Inorganic Fe, 60 mg/kg Organic Fe, 85 mg/kg Inorganic Fe, and 85 mg/kg Organic Fe. The results indicated that the use of organic Fe significantly improved the hematocrit levels and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Conversely, the values of lysozyme decreased in fish that were fed with the organic Fe source. However, the hemolytic activity of the complement system and the production of the superoxide anion test exhibited an increase with the use of organic Fe. Furthermore, the fish that were fed with the 85 mg/kg organic diet demonstrated superior antioxidant responses. In conclusion, the inclusion of organic Fe at a concentration of 85 mg/kg was found to be more efficient for the growth of juvenile Nile tilapia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

1. This study determined the effect of dietary Zn concentration and source in phytase-supplemented diets on bone mineralisation, gastrointestinal phytate breakdown, mRNA-level gene expression (in jejunum, liver and Pectoralis major muscle) and growth performance in broiler chickens. 2. Male Cobb 500 broilers were housed in floor pens (d 0-d 21) to test seven treatments with six replicate pens (12 birds per pen). Diets were arranged in a 2 × 3 + 1-factorial arrangement. The experimental factors were Zn source (Zn-oxide (ZnO) or Zn-glycinate (ZnGly) and Zn supplementation level (10, 30 or 50 mg/kg of diet). A maize-soybean meal-based diet without supplementation and formulated to contain 28 mg Zn/kg (analysed to be 35 mg Zn/kg), served as a control. 3. Zinc source and level did not influence (p > 0.05) bone ash concentration and quantity or mineral concentrations in bone ash. Tibia thickness was greater in the treatment ZnO10 than in the treatments ZnO30 and ZnGly50 (Zn level × Zn source: p = 0.036), but width and breaking strength were not affected. 4. Pre-caecal P digestibility and concentrations of phytate breakdown products in the ileum, except for InsP5, were not affected by Zn source or level. Only the expression of EIF4EBP1 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1) and FBXO32 (F-box only protein 32) in Pectoralis major muscle was affected by source, where expression was increased in ZnO compared to ZnGly diets (p < 0.05). 5. In conclusion, Zn level and source did not affect gastrointestinal phytate degradation and bone mineralisation in phytase-supplemented diets. The intrinsic Zn concentration appeared to be sufficient for maximum bone Zn deposition under the conditions of the present study but requires validation in longer-term trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Xinjiang, China, a female corpse dating back to the Han Dynasty was discovered adorned in splendid attire crafted from wool fibers dyed in vibrant shades of red, blue, and light yellow. This study utilized fabric fragments as research specimens to analyze the dyes present, primarily employing time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), in conjunction with optical microscopy, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) and a mercury vapor analyzer for precise characterization. The TOF-SIMS analysis revealed the presence of mercury isotopic ions (202Hg+ and 199Hg+), mercury-sulfur ions (HgS+, m/z 234), sulfur isotopic ions (32S− and 34S−) on the surface of the red fiber samples. These findings suggest the utilization of cinnabar (HgS), a naturally occurring inorganic mineral dye, in the red fibers. Moreover, mercury content measurements indicated a significant enrichment of mercury in the red fibers, with the Hg content of 84 ng/g, markedly higher than the average Hg content of other fibers, which stood at 31 ng/g. Analysis of the blue fiber samples detected the quasi-molecular ion m/z 263 ([M+H]+) and a series of reasonable fragment ions, such as m/z 235 (C15H11N2O+) and m/z 247 (C16H11N2O+), indicative of the presence of indigo, a natural plant-based organic dye. UPLC-HRMS analysis further confirmed the presence of indigo in the blue fabric samples, providing cross-validation of the dye used. The light yellow fiber samples did not yield detections of common organic dyes like turmeric or inorganic pigments such as iron-yellow (Fe2O3H2O). The yellow hue observed in these fibers may be attributed to the natural aging of the original white wool, remaining undyed. Additionally, granular water-soluble inorganic ions such as NaCl, carbonate, and sulfate were detected within the yellow fabric samples. This study underscores the efficacy of the TOF-SIMS method for in-situ microanalysis and ultra-high sensitivity detection, rendering it is suitable for the analysis of both organic dye and inorganic dye. Moreover, TOF-SIMS will be widely used in archaeological and museum collections related research.

In Xinjiang, China, a female corpse dating back to the Han Dynasty was discovered adorned in splendid attire crafted from wool fibers dyed in vibrant shades of red, blue, and light yellow. This study utilized fabric fragments as research specimens to analyze the dyes present, primarily employing time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), in conjunction with optical microscopy, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS) and a mercury vapor analyzer for precise characterization. The TOF-SIMS analysis revealed the presence of mercury isotopic ions (202Hg+ and 199Hg+), mercury-sulfur ions (HgS+, m/z 234), sulfur isotopic ions (32S− and 34S−) on the surface of the red fiber samples. These findings suggest the utilization of cinnabar (HgS), a naturally occurring inorganic mineral dye, in the red fibers. Moreover, mercury content measurements indicated a significant enrichment of mercury in the red fibers, with the Hg content of 84 ng/g, markedly higher than the average Hg content of other fibers, which stood at 31 ng/g. Analysis of the blue fiber samples detected the quasi-molecular ion m/z 263 ([M+H]+) and a series of reasonable fragment ions, such as m/z 235 (C15H11N2O+) and m/z 247 (C16H11N2O+), indicative of the presence of indigo, a natural plant-based organic dye. UPLC-HRMS analysis further confirmed the presence of indigo in the blue fabric samples, providing cross-validation of the dye used. The light yellow fiber samples did not yield detections of common organic dyes like turmeric or inorganic pigments such as iron-yellow (Fe2O3H2O). The yellow hue observed in these fibers may be attributed to the natural aging of the original white wool, remaining undyed. Additionally, granular water-soluble inorganic ions such as NaCl, carbonate, and sulfate were detected within the yellow fabric samples. This study underscores the efficacy of the TOF-SIMS method for in-situ microanalysis and ultra-high sensitivity detection, rendering it is suitable for the analysis of both organic dye and inorganic dye. Moreover, TOF-SIMS will be widely used in archaeological and museum collections related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi to evaluate the effect of bed types and fertilizer types on the growth and yield of onion seedlings/bulbs (Allium cepa L.). The study was a 2x4 factorial experiment {2 types (bed and ridge) and four fertilizer types (NPK20:10:10, poultry manure, cattle dung, and no application served as control)} laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated thrice. Data were collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's least significant difference (FLSD) was used to separate means. Results of the study revealed that onions raised on beds had statistically higher growth and yield parameters than the ridge bed system. Therefore, the onion planted on bed type system recorded the highest yields with bulb weight (13.45t/ha) and (23.35 t/ha) in both years. On the fertilizer types, NPK 20:10:10 application recorded the highest bulb weight of 14.57t/ha and 35.75t/ha in both years, followed by poultry manure with bulb weight of 11.29t/ha and 11.61t/ha and cattle dung with bulb weight of 10.70t/ha and 12.94t/ha while untreated (control) gave the lowest yields with bulb weight/plot 9.21t/ha and 7.40t/ha respectively. It is recommended that the application of NPK 20:10:10 fertilizers on bed type system be adopted for optimum yield of Onions in Makurdi, Nigeria. Furthermore, in the scarcity or high cost of NPK fertilizers, smallholder farmers in the study location can adopt either poultry manure or cattle dung as a substitute to boost yields of onions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garbage is currently still a problem for the community where there is a lack of knowledge of waste management properly. The waste bank is present as a solution to assist the government in reducing the accumulation of waste and helping to improve the economy of housewives, especially residents affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Bank Sampah Teratai (BST) is one of the social group organizations engaged in environmental economics, especially in managing household waste for residents of RW. 05 Pinang Griya Permai, Pinang - Tangerang. Bank Sampah Teratai located in Pinang Griya Permai Tangerang is a partner in this activity. Observation results show that Bank Sampah Teratai does not yet have adequate knowledge in waste management, both organic and inorganic. Based on the above problems, a community partnership program was formed with the academic community (lecturers and students) of Universitas Budi Luhur to help solve problems at the Bank Sampah Teratai. Based on these conditions, training on organic and inorganic waste management was carried out for residents of the Pinang Griya Permai housing. This training provides understanding, and appropriate skills, which help residents to carry out organic and inorganic waste management. Based on the results of the questionnaire after the training was carried out, 100% of participants stated that the material presented was in accordance with their needs, and the material presented was also considered good by 100% of the participants. The long-term result of this training is an increase in the understanding and skills of the residents to manage organic and inorganic waste. This training has been a useful contribution to improving skills for members of the Bank Sampah Teratai in particular, and skills for residents of Pinang Griya Permai housing in general.

L-glutaminase has attracted much attention due its wide range of applications in several fields. The L-glutaminase widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. L-glutaminase is generally regarded as a key enzyme that controls the delicious taste of fermented foods such as soy sauce. L-glutaminase production was carried out by using supplementation of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, malt extract, peptone and urea at concentration ranging from 0.25% to 1.25% with increments of 0.25% and also different inorganic nitrogen sources like ammonium sulphate and ammonium chloride at concentration ranging from 0.025% to 0.125% with increments of 0.025%. The malt extract (1%) produced 399.9 IU, were best organic nitrogen source and ammonium sulphate (0.1%) appear to be good inorganic nitrogen source under submerged fermentation process and showed 546 IU. Current study is an exploring step to industrial sector to upscale their L-glutaminase production and it will useful strategy to commercial sector and alternative to old methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles have shown marked promise as both antineoplastic agents and drug carriers. Despite strides made in immunomodulation, low success rates and toxicity remain limitations within the clinical oncology setting. In the present review, we assess advances in drug delivery nanoparticles, for systemic and topical use, in skin cancer treatment. A systematic review of controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane review articles was conducted. Eligibility criteria included: (1) a primary focus on nanoparticle utility for skin cancer; (2) available metrics on prevention and treatment outcomes; (3) detailed subject population; (4) English language; (5) archived as full-text journal articles. A total of 43 articles were selected for review. Qualitative analysis revealed that nanoscale systems demonstrate significant antineoplastic and anti-metastasis properties: increased drug bioavailability, reduced toxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as tumor growth inhibition, among others. Nanoformulations for skin cancers have largely lagged behind those tested in other cancers–several of which have commercialized formulae. However, emerging evidence has indicated a powerful role for these carriers in targeting primary and metastatic skin cancers.

Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to the landscape have serious consequences for inland and coastal waters. Reservoirs are effective at mitigating downstream N fluxes but measurements have generally focused on large reservoirs and have not considered seasonal variability or all N forms. In this study, we conducted an N mass balance in eight small reservoirs (surface area <0.55 km2) in coastal New England over annual time periods, including both inorganic and organic forms of N. We found that small reservoirs have high capacity for dissolved inorganic N (DIN) retention during low and moderate discharge, but are roughly in balance for DIN at higher discharge. Because proportional DIN retention occurred when N inputs were at their lowest, their effect on downstream N fluxes is small over annual time frames. Further, dissolved organic N (DON) was also evident during low flow late in the warm season. Accounting for DON production, the net effect of reservoirs on total dissolved N (TDN) fluxes was limited. These transformations between inorganic and organic N should be considered when evaluating the effect of small reservoirs on TDN fluxes over seasonal and annual timescales. With dam removal becoming a common solution to aging, unsafe dams, their ability to retain or produce N must be scrutinized at longer time scales while accounting for the complete N pool to better comprehend the effect their reservoirs have on downstream waters. Plain Language Summary: Excess nitrogen in the environment can negatively impact both freshwater and coastal ecosystems. However, water bodies such as reservoirs have been shown to reduce the amount of nitrogen flowing downstream. This has led to the idea that if reservoirs are removed, there will be more nitrogen exported downstream. Many studies on reservoir influence on nitrogen flowing downstream have not explicitly included small reservoirs, transformations between forms of nitrogen, or seasonal variability of nitrogen processing. We found that while small reservoirs do decrease inorganic nitrogen during the warm season, organic nitrogen is also produced, leading to a lesser impact on total nitrogen. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen retention is highest during low flows. When flows are higher and nitrogen transport is greater, small reservoirs are not as biologically active, leading to very little nitrogen being transformed. We conclude that small reservoirs are not a nitrogen sink when accounting for transformations between nitrogen forms and accounting for nitrogen processing across all seasons. Removal of small reservoirs will likely not lead to increased annual nitrogen exports to coastal areas. Key Points: Small reservoirs were not a significant nitrogen sink over annual timescales when considering both inorganic and organic forms of NSeasonal variability in nitrogen processing led to small reservoirs acting as temporary sinks or sources for different forms of nitrogenIn contrast to previous predictions, small dam removals do not always lead to greater nitrogen exports to coastal ecosystems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited Nitrogen availability in most Nigerian soils is why poor rice yields are observed. The cost of inorganic fertilizers, especially in the post-COVID-19 era, tends to increase. Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI) principles utilize integrated nutrient management systems for growing lowland rice in order to reduce the negative effects of climate change. This study focused on evaluating the effects of six different nutrient source combinations on the development of NERICA (New Rice for Africa) L-34 and ARICA (Advanced Rice Varieties for Africa) 3 in Abeokuta Nigeria, between the years of 2017 and 2019. The treatment arrangements were split-plot, randomized complete block design, and triple replication. The nutrient sources and varieties were allocated a subplot and the main plot. The data pertaining to rice yield and its constituent parts were subjected to a two-way Analysis of Variance. In 2017, NERICA L-34 outperformed ARICA 3 in terms of grain yield. The longest panicle, heaviest panicle, and largest grain yield in 2018 were generated by combining 25 kg N per hectare (inorganic) and 75 kg N per hectare (organic). The most grains per panicle were observed by combining 25 kg N per hectare (inorganic) and 75 kg N per hectare (organic). The study concluded that enhancing the 1000 grain-weight and grain yield of ARICA 3 and NERICA L-34 by combining 25 kg N per hectare (inorganic) and 75 kg N per hectare (organic) is advantageous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earthworms are soil macrofauna that play a role in maintaining the sustainability of soil use through increasing organic matter and soil fertility. Soil fertility assessment is important to suggest management to create an optimum conditions for plant growth, so it can be maintained the quality and quantity of rice productivity. The purpose of this research was to identify soil fertility index (SFI), the density of earthworms and the relationship between the two under different rice field systems, namely organic, semi-organic, and inorganic. This research also identifies indicators that determine SFI to be able to provide appropriate and efficient strategies in subsequent land management. This method used an exploratory descriptive with a survey approach. Sampling points was taken based on the farming systems (organic, semi-organic, and inorganic rice fields) on flat (0-8%) and sloping (8-15%) slopes. The SFI was determined used the Minimum Soil Fertility Indicator (MSFI). The results showed that differences of rice field farming systems is significantly effects on SFI. The index of soil fertility in the research area is moderate, with the highest SFI in the organic farming system. Soil fertility and earthworms density had a significant positive correlation, that the higher earthworms density, the higher soil fertility. Key indicators were found including organic C, available P, Al saturation, and exchangeable bases which determine SFI. The organic rice field system has the best SFI as well as the highest earthworm population, so we recommend increasing the use of organic materials in the tillages process and expanding the organic rice field system to maintain fertility and the sustainability of soil used for rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Mustansiriyah Journal for Pharmaceutical Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ever-growing demand for food has led to the depletion of natural resources. Water scarcity, land degradation, and climate change are the main factors contributing to declining crop productivity. To address this issue, there is a need to adopt suitable agronomic strategies. Mulching is one way this practice addresses this issue. Since time immemorial, people have been using organic residues as mulching material. Nowadays, people find it cumbersome to utilise crop residues. The development of plastic mulching material overcame this issue due to its easy and plentiful availability. Plastic mulch has its own advantages and disadvantages. In today’s world, the haphazard use of this material has led to the threat of micro plastics. Micro plastics are small in size and escape waste management practices. They contaminate ecosystems, clog the soil pores, enter the food chain, and take a very long time to degrade. So, balanced use of both organic and inorganic materials is the need of the day. This article reviews the benefits of mulching as an agronomic strategy to boost present-day agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers favor polymeric membranes for water treatment because of their excellent separation selectivity, high membrane performance, unique interconnected structure and inexpensive cost. Electrospinning, phase inversion, track-etching, slip casting, and film-stretching are some of the methods for fabricating polymeric membranes. Among them, electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) are the most actively explored which address the fouling issues during wastewater treatment. It has a lot of advantages for wastewater treatment application. ENMs can be classified into inorganic and organic, and it is important to determine the type of membrane or polymer that is the most suitable for the application. The choice of membrane depends on many factors, including the composition of the operation parameters, application area and separation goals. Nevertheless, membrane fouling that results in poor rejection efficiency and membrane flux behavior remain as challenges. Therefore, membrane surface modification has been widely embraced to improve the membrane process. Therefore, this review paper aims to provide a detailed analysis of most common used inorganic and organic ENMs in wastewater treatment applications. It also provided insights into the future perspectives for ENMs in water treatment. We hope that this article can provide some guidance for a wide range of application in the membrane industry. This chapter discusses various kinds of vapor deposition processes used to deposit functional coatings onto various substrates and introduces some industrially important wet processes.

The nutritional value of the roots of Iraqi Beta vulgaris plant that have been prepared using several conventional techniques will be evaluated in the current research. One of the best and most important nutritional sources of iron, nitrate of nitrogen, magnesium, potassium, ascorbic acid, and folic acid is the juice of beta vulgaris roots. Spectrophotometric techniques like UV-Visible, HPLC, and AAS have been used to estimate the levels of some organic and inorganic nutritional constituents and determine the level of the nitrate ion using an ion selective electrode technique in the prepared beta vulgaris root juice. The concentration of these organic and inorganic components varies depending on how the Beta vulgaris juice is prepared. The roots of Beta vulgaris have been processed in four different ways. Ascorbic acid content is greatest in the prepared sample with sodium chloride (4.124 mg in 200 mL), while the sample treated with acetic acid has a high concentration of Betalains (10.96 mg in 200 mL) and folic acid (5.736 mg in 200 mL). The potassium (552 mg in 200 mL) and magnesium (54 mg in 200 mL) concentrations in juice from the acetic acid-treated sample were relatively higher than those obtained from other methods, whereas the prepared sample with NaCl has a high concentration of NO3- (616 mg in 200 mL) and the prepared sample with cool water has a high concentration of iron (0.75 mg in 200 mL).

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are regarded as promising next-generation rechargeable batteries owing to the high theoretical specific capacity and the lowest potential of the Li metal anode (LMA). Nevertheless, the practical applications of LMA have been restricted by uncontrollable Li dendrite growth, enormous volume change and unstable interfaces between LMA and electrolyte. Among all the available strategies, the rational designs of artificial interphase layers (AILs) are the promising methods to solve these problems at the interfaces between LMA and electrolyte. In this review, we generally summarize the recent typical examples of in/ex-situ formed AILs for stabilizing LMA/electrolyte interfaces. Particular considerations have been taken on the components and structure characterizations in the design principle of AILs for suppressing uncontrollable Li dendrites growth, constructing stable interfaces and addressing the huge volume variation. Finally, the remaining challenges and the research direction for high performance AILs for safe and stable LMBs are provided.

Nanoparticles have shown marked promise as both antineoplastic agents and drug carriers. Despite strides made in immunomodulation, low success rates and toxicity remain limitations within the clinical oncology setting. In the present review, we assess advances in drug delivery nanoparticles, for systemic and topical use, in skin cancer treatment. A systematic review of controlled trials, meta-analyses, and Cochrane review articles was conducted. Eligibility criteria included: (1) a primary focus on nanoparticle utility for skin cancer; (2) available metrics on prevention and treatment outcomes; (3) detailed subject population; (4) English language; (5) archived as full-text journal articles. A total of 43 articles were selected for review. Qualitative analysis revealed that nanoscale systems demonstrate significant antineoplastic and anti-metastasis properties: increased drug bioavailability, reduced toxicity, enhanced permeability and retention effect, as well as tumor growth inhibition, among others. Nanoformulations for skin cancers have largely lagged behind those tested in other cancers–several of which have commercialized formulae. However, emerging evidence has indicated a powerful role for these carriers in targeting primary and metastatic skin cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legumes such as peanut (Arachis hypogea) can fulfill most of their nitrogen requirement by symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, rhizobia. Nutrient availability is largely determined by microbial diversity and activity in the rhizosphere that influences plant health, nutrition, and crop yield, as well as soil quality and soil fertility. However, our understanding of the complex effects of microbial diversity and rhizobia inoculation on crop yields of different peanut cultivars under organic versus conventional farming systems is extremely limited. In this research, we studied the impacts of conventional vs. organic cultivation practices and inoculation with commercial vs. single strain inoculum on peanut yield and soil microbial diversity of five peanut cultivars. The experiment was set up in the field following a split-split-plot design. Our results from the 16 S microbiome sequencing showed considerable variations of microbial composition between the cultivation types and inoculum, indicating a preferential association of microbes to peanut roots with various inoculum and cropping system. Alpha diversity indices (chao1, Shannon diversity, and Simpson index) of soil microbiome were generally higher in plots with organic than conventional inorganic practices. The cultivation type and inoculum explained significant differences among bacterial communities. Taxonomic classification revealed two phyla, TM6 and Firmicutes were significantly represented in inorganic as compared to organic soil, where significant phyla were Armatimonadetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3. Yields in the organic cultivation system decreased by 10–93% of the yields in the inorganic cultivation system. Cultivar G06 and T511 consistently showed relative high yields in both organic and inorganic trials. Our results show significant two-way interactions between cultivation type and genotype for most of the trait data collected. Therefore, it is critical for farmers to choose varieties based on their cultivation practices. Our results showed that bacterial structure was more uniform in organic fields and microbial diversity in legumes was reduced in inorganic fields. This research provided guides for farmers and scientists to improve peanut yield while promoting microbial diversity and increasing sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology demonstration on rice production under organic and inorganic fertilizer application was conducted to determine which of the identified treatments would give better rice growth and yield and showcase the technology to the farmers. The study was composed of three treatments. Treatment A - Inorganic Fertilizer (120-60-60); Treatment B - ½ of 50% Inorganic + 50% Vermicast RR; Treatment C - 25 bags of vermicast as organic fertilizer. An area of 778.18 square meters was divided into three plots with a measurement of 19.30 meters in length and 12.44 meters in width (19.30m x 12.44m). Between plots was provided with a 1-meter distance for the passageway and drainage for excess water. The research made use of frequency and mean to determine the growth and yield performance of NSIC Rc 160 (Tubigan 14) as applied with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Treatment variation was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The result of the study shows that the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers gave a comparable performance in terms of growth and yield performance. However, in terms of a cost analysis of using inorganic and organic fertilizers, it is more economical to use organic fertilizer than inorganic fertilizer. It further showed that the lower the cost of production, the higher the net income of the rice production under organic fertilizer application. The researcher further concluded that the application of vermicast alone as a fertilizer source or a combination of inorganic and organic fertilizers is more cost-efficient in rice production than purely inorganic fertilizer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Grafica: Journal of Graphic Design / Documents de Disseny Gràfic is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exposures to arsenic and mercury are known to pose significant threats to human health; however, the effects specific to organic vs. inorganic forms are not fully understood. Caenorhabditis elegans' (C. elegans) transparent cuticle, along with the conservation of key genetic pathways regulating developmental and reproductive toxicology (DART)-related processes such as germ stem cell renewal and differentiation, meiosis, and embryonic tissue differentiation and growth, support this model's potential to address the need for quicker and more dependable testing methods for DART hazard identification. Organic and inorganic forms of mercury and arsenic had different effects on reproductive-related endpoints in C. elegans, with methylmercury (meHgCl) having effects at lower concentrations than mercury chloride (HgCl2), and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) having effects at lower concentrations than dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Progeny to adult ratio changes and germline apoptosis were seen at concentrations that also affected gravid adult gross morphology. For both forms of arsenic tested, germline histone regulation was altered at concentrations below those that affected progeny/adult ratios, while concentrations for these two endpoints were similar for the mercury compounds. These C. elegans findings are consistent with corresponding mammalian data, where available, suggesting that small animal model test systems may help to fill critical data gaps by contributing to weight of evidence assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the mid of the 19th-century chemical fertilizers were introduced into Bangladesh as an additional source of plant nutrients. After that the use of fertilizer in crop production increases. However, the extreme use of chemical fertilizers can create hazardous environmental degradation, which in turn can lower yields. So, the optimum level should maintain that can help in turn increase production. In this current study, 150 groundnut farmers in the research areas were taken based on their fertilizer application methods. It shows that the number of chemical fertilizer users constituted a major share of the total almost 44.67%. Among all the farmers, chemical fertilizer users incurred the highest return on investment by 1.48. Land area, cost of irrigation and chemical fertilizer affect the adoption of chemical fertilizer usage positively. The higher cost of production due to the application cost of inorganic fertilizer also increases the yield simultaneously. The study shows that farmers who avoid using fertilizer result in lower production compare to others. In that case, age and education were identified as factors that pushed the farmers towards chemical fertilizer and enjoying higher production.

Groundwater contamination is a problem in several areas around the world, notably in the industrial belts. For people all across the world, groundwater is a vital source of water. Physical, chemical, and biological aspects determine the amount and quality of groundwater for human consumption and irrigation. People in some parts of the world are experiencing true water scarcity because groundwater is used faster than it is regularly recharged. Groundwater contamination must be remediated, because people's general well-being and prosperity are inextricably linked to their ability to obtain sufficient amounts of high-quality water. This study is an attempt to have insight into the role of nanotechnology for groundwater remediation. This study shows that nano remediation has the ability to minimize time and lower pollutants concentration to near zero by cleaning contaminated areas in situ. However, there are questions about safe disposal and long-term impact on the environment. Green Nanoparticles (GNP) are an alternative that are made with environmentally friendly procedures and materials, resulting in less waste. They also have the advantage of being environmentally friendly and sustainable. HIGHLIGHTS This technology is advancing fields of research and development in the context of environmental purification.; Nano remediation has a wide application in groundwater remediation with a continual rise in related research and development.; Nano remediation has high potential to remediate huge sites in-place, cutting cleanup time and removing the requirement for contaminant removal, lowering contamination concentrations to near zero.;

Organic agriculture is a climate friendly and sustainable farming system to produce quality foods. An experiment on comparison of organic and inorganic wheat production was designed to study the field performance and quality of wheat grown under two regimes. The experiment was carried out at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 2019. Seven wheat cultivars (Atta Habib, Faisalabad, ASS, Punjab 2011, Lasani, NARC-11 and Pakistan-13) were sown using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Source of organic manure was compost, poultry manure and farm yard manure while for inorganic treatments commercial fertilizers urea and di-amonium phosphate fertilizers were applied at recommended doses. Data was recorded on various morphological, yield and quality parameters. The result revealed that organically sown wheat varieties took more days to anthesis and maturity while more tillers, biological yield, grains yield and leaf area were recorded in inorganic treatments. Quality of organic produced wheat was comparatively better than inorganic wheat as more 13.67 % more crude protein and 2.41 % more crude fiber fat were recorded in organically grown wheat. Therefore, for high quality and environment safe production of wheat, organic fertilizer may be applied at recommended rates (compost 12 t ha-1, poultry manure 6 t ha-1 and farmyard manure (12.5 t ha-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core@shell nanomaterials are a class of materials containing a core and a shell, both at the nanometer scale, as they have become a consequential research interest owing to their optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Moreover, various core@shell nanomaterials have also emerged in many other fields, such as catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical due to their less toxicity, surface area, good biocompatibility, adequate penetration power for biological tissue, and selectivity for target molecules. Hence, this review covers the optical properties of core@shell nanomaterials and biosensors based on various core@shell nanomaterials, for example, inorganic@inorganic (Au@Ag), organic@inorganic (polyurethane@Au), inorganic@organic (CeO2@polyaniline), and organic@organic (poly(vinylidene difluoride)@dopamine) for biomedical applications; along with this, it also discusses the advantage and disadvantage of core@shell nanomaterials.

Due to the finite availability of fossil fuels, enormous efforts have been made to replace gasoline automobiles with electric transportation vehicles. The recycling of dead batteries, which is a critical energy resource component of today's electric vehicles (EVs), is required for the development of more sustainable EVs sector. Despite rising return flows, less attention has been placed on the recycling of LFP batteries due to their low proportion of value aided metals. It is critical to create cost-effective lithium extraction technologies and cathode material restoration procedures to enable the long-term and stable growth of the LFP battery and EV industries. The current state of the LFP battery market along with electrochemical properties and synthetic routes is briefly discussed in this report. Moreover, recycling procedures for LIBs are examined, and their relevance for LFP batteries is evaluated. Individually customizable procedures such as mechanical pre-treatment of cells, hydrometallurgical upscaling of the active cathode material appears to be the most efficient method option for LFP battery recycling. However, these procedures can be scaled up on a pilot scale, and their profitability and environmental performance are debatable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]