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During surveys conducted on Neotropical Vanilla, a new endemic species was found in the Brazilian campos rupestres of the Espinhaço Range. Here, this new remarkable Vanilla species, namely V. rupicola Pansarin & E.L.F. Menezes, is described and illustrated. A phylogeny for Vanilla is presented and the relationships between Neotropical species are discussed. The position of V. rupicola among Neotropical Vanilla is discussed within an evolutionary context. Vanilla rupicola is recognized by its rupicolous habit, its reptant stems, and its sessile and rounded leaves. This remarkable new taxon emerges in a clade that includes V. appendiculata Rolfe and V. hartii Rolfe. Vegetative and floral features support a close relationship between V. rupicola and sister taxa, mainly regarding the apical inflorescence (V. appendiculata), the type of appendages of the central crest of the labellum, and the labellar color pattern. Phylogenetic inference suggests that the circumscription of Neotropical Vanilla groups needs revision.

We present here the first records of Vanilla bahiana and Vanilla pompona from Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. Both species were collected in a gallery forest, in areas of Cerrado vegetation at Caxias municipality. This work contributes with knowledge on the geographical distribution of the species in northeastern Brazil.

É apresentada a relação atualizada de Orchidaceae para o Distrito Federal (DF), a unidade da federação onde se situa a capital brasileira, localizada no centro do país. São reconhecidos 72 gêneros e 254 táxons (246 espécies e oito táxons subespecíficos), dos quais 17 (6,7%) são conhecidos apenas localmente. Os gêneros mais significativos no DF são Habenaria (74 espécies e três táxons subespecíficos), Cyrtopodium (17 espécies), Cleistes (13 espécies) e a subtribo Spiranthinae (11 gêneros com 34 espécies e dois táxons subespecíficos). Gêneros como Epidendrum (oito espécies), Pleurothallis (sete espécies), Oncidium (seis espécies) e Maxillaria (três espécies) são abundantes na Mata Atlântica no sudeste brasileiro, mas pouco representados na região. Cerca de 73% das Orchidaceae do DF apresentam hábito terrestre, o que contrasta marcadamente com a Mata Atlântica e a região Amazônica, onde predominam espécies epifíticas. Dentro do Cerrado, o DF representa o local mais bem amostrado e com o maior número de espécies conhecidas, compreendendo cerca de 51% das orquídeas listadas para todo o bioma. Esta relação tem como objetivo subsidiar a monografia desta família para a flora do Distrito Federal. The survey of the Orchidaceae from the Distrito Federal (DF), the administrative region of the Brazilian capital located at the center of the country, is presented. Currently, 72 genera and 254 taxa (246 species and eight subspecific taxa) are recognized, 17 (6.7%) of which are known only locally. The most representative genera are Habenaria (74 species and three subspecific taxa), Cyrtopodium (17 species), Cleistes (13 species) and subtribe Spiranthinae (11 genera, 34 species and two subspecific taxa). Genera like Epidendrum (eight species), Pleurothallis (seven species), Oncidium (six species) and Maxillaria (three species) are abundant in the Atlantic rain forest in southeastern Brazil, but poorly represented in the region. About 73% of the Orchidaceae from the DF are terrestrials, in contrast with the Atlantic forest and Amazon region, were the epiphytes predominate. The Distrito Federal is the better-sampled region and has the higher number of Orchidaceae in the cerrado region, comprising about 51% of the orchids known from this biome. The aim of this survey is to subsidize the monograph of the family for the forthcoming "Flora of the Distrito Federal".