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Objetivo: Avaliar a experiência de cárie dentária e fatores relacionados em adolescentes de 15 a 19 anos de uma escola pública de Manaus-AM. Métodos: O delineamento do estudo foi do tipo transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 103 escolares. Para avaliar a cárie dentária foram realizados exames clínicos utilizando o Índice CPO-D (cariados, perdidos, obturados por dente) para avaliar presença de cárie dentária em ficha individual. Também foram aplicados dois questionários referentes aos hábitos de higiene bucal e à percepção da presença de dor dentária nos últimos seis meses e impacto das condições de saúde bucal na vida diária. O Índice Significant Caries Index (SIC) foi utilizado para avaliar a presença da doença cárie dentária em um terço da população com maior CPO-D. Para análise dos dados foram utilizados os programas Microsoft Excel® e Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), adotando o nível de significância de 0,05. Para verificar a hipótese de associação entre variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: A média do índice CPO-D encontrada foi de 1,2 considerada baixa; sendo o componente cariado (C) o responsável pela maior parte do Índice CPO-D. O Índice SIC foi de 4,4 evidenciando que um terço da amostra apresentava Índice CPO muito superior à média encontrada, mostrando desigualdade na distribuição da doença no grupo estudado. A frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia foi relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes (57,3%). No entanto, sobre a frequência de consulta dos adolescentes ao cirurgião-dentista, constatou-se que 48,6% dos estudantes nunca procuraram atendimento. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e irritabilidade causada pelos dentes (p = 0,011) e dificuldade para falar (p = 0,007). Conclusão: Este estudo apontou baixa experiência de cárie dentária, sendo a frequência de escovação por 3 vezes ao dia relatada pela maioria dos adolescentes. Houve relação estatisticamente significante entre presença de cárie dentária e as questões sobre incômodo ao escovar os dentes e dificuldade para falar.

Background/Aim. Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a commonly encountered clinical problem, characterized by short, sharp pain arising from exposed dentine. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of cervical DH in an adult population sample of city of Pancevo, Serbia, to evaluate correlation between DH and severity of cervical tooth wear, as well as to investigate the impact of certain etiological factors. Methods. The study included 394 subjects, who were clinically examined and interviewed about potential etiological factors using specially designed questionnaire. Presence of cervical DH was evaluated using cold air stimulation and Schiff ordinal scale. Severity of cervical tooth wear was evaluated using Basic Erosive Wear Examination-BEWE. Results were analyzed using chi-square tests and logistic regression at significance level of p≤0.05. Results. The presence of cervical DH was recorded in 32.9% from total number of subjects. Chi-square analysis showed significant association between clinically elicited and questionnaire declared DH (p

Objectives: The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of ECC on children’s quality of life and find out how it affects their routine, through a questionnaire applied to parents. Methods: For this assessment, the Impact Scale on Oral Health in Early Childhood (ECOIHS) have been used. The sample consisted of 150 children aged 2 to 5 years enrolled in daycare centers and public schools in the municipality of Massape-CE-Brazil. The questionnaire was answered by parents and guardians of children diagnosed with ECC. The analysis of the questionnaire was performed using SPSS software version 17.0 and R statistics 3.2. Results: In the results, with regard to toothache and difficulty in eating and drinking, a prevalence of 85.48% was found with a statistical significance of 5%. 40.7% of family members considered themselves guilty at some level of intensity by ECC in children. Correlating family income with the financial impact of a dental problem and / or treatment, a prevalence of 96.35% was observed with a 95% confidence interval, demonstrating that the lower the family income, the greater the financial impact. Conclusion: ECC interferes with the child’s quality of life, thus negatively affecting his routine, as well as that of his family. Key words: Quality of life, Dental caries, Pre-school, Early childhood caries, Oral hygiene.

Objetivou-se analisar a relação entre os níveis sanguíneos de chumbo, as condições periodontais e o impacto bucal na qualidade de vida entre trabalhadores de uma fábrica de baterias automotivas no município de Bauru - SP. A amostra foi composta por 70 trabalhadores, avaliados por examinador calibrado (Kappa ≥ 0.78), registrando-se os níveis sanguíneos de chumbo (NSPB), hábitos de vida, higiene bucal e impacto bucal na qualidade de vida (OHIP-14). Utilizou-se Índice Periodontal Comunitário (IPC) e Índice de Placa (IP). Adotou-se nível de significância 5% (p < 0.05), sendo aplicados teste t de Student, Mann-Whitney, Odds Ratio, Qui-Quadrado e correlação linear de Pearson. A idade média foi de 33.21 ± 9.43 anos, 88.57% eram do sexo masculino, 12.85% hipertensos, 10% tabagistas, 12.86% consumiam regularmente bebidas alcoólicas, 88.57% escovavam os dentes 3 ou mais vezes/dia, 97.14% uso frequente de fio dental. O nível médio de chumbo no sangue 44.01 ± 6.15 µg/dL, sendo maiores entre trabalhadores da linha de produção (p = 0.000). Observaram-se alterações periodontais em 67.14% dos indivíduos, com sangramento (25.71%), cálculo (67.14%), bolsas rasas (20.00%) e bolsas profundas (10.00%). NSPB > 40 µg/dl estiveram associados ao sangramento gengival (OR = 4.91; p = 0.006). O IP foi 2.78 ± 0.54. O impacto bucal foi baixo, 4.48 ± 1.87, havendo correlação positiva entre os NSPB e a incapacidade física (r = 0.35; p = 0.003), e dos escores totais OHIP-14 com IP (r = 0.24; p = 0.044). Embora nenhum dos trabalhadores tenha apresentado NSPB acima do Índice Máximo Biológico Permitido, a prevalência de alterações periodontais encontrada foi alta, sendo relacionadas à pobre higiene bucal e evidenciando a necessidade de adoção de medidas terapêuticas, preventivas e educativas.

Relevance.The high prevalence of tooth decay requires investigation of its risk factors. The aim was to study tooth decay risk factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health (based on parents’ assessment).Materials and methods.The research evaluated the dental health of six-year-olds and factors defining their oral health; The study surveyed 515 parents of six-year-old children from 7 kindergartens in Arkhangelsk. Pearson chi-square test assessed the differences in the frequency of tooth decay factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health. The accepted significance level was 0.05.Results.The Arkhangelsk parents evaluated the dental health of their six-year-olds as relatively favourable: good (41.2%) and satisfactory (46.6%). Only 9.5% of children had poor health. Children generally had good oral hygiene skills: 86.8% liked brushing their teeth; 60.2% squeezed the optimal amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush; 56.7% brushed their teeth twice a day. The dental literacy of parents was satisfactory: 67.0% purchased toothpaste for children; 90.8% considered necessary to treat primary teeth; 69.2% replaced toothbrush every three months; 59.7% visited a pediatric dentist twice a year. The children with poor dental health had insufficient oral hygiene skills: 46.9% did not like teeth cleaning; 51.1% brushed their teeth once a day. Their diet was not healthy: 100.0% did not eat hard food; 65.3% frequently consumed sweets. The parents of children with poor dental health had low medical literacy and poor oral hygiene: 46.9% did not know that treatment of primary teeth was necessary; 42.9% considered the treatment of primary teeth as unnecessary; 32.6% purchased whatever toothpaste. The general negative trend is to use toothpaste without fluoride (68.1%).Conclusions.The results of the study demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of cariogenic factors in children with poor dental health.

Introduction: The oral health needs of intellectually disabled are complex and may be related to underlying congenital or developmental anomalies as well as the inability to receive adequate personal and professional care to maintain. This research suggests that people with Intellectually Disability such as Mental retardation, are more likely to have poor oral hygiene, periodontal diseases and high incidence of trauma and possibly more likely to have caries than people without Intellectual disability. Aim: The study aims to assess the oral hygiene status and prevalence of malocclusion among special children in tribal population of Southern India. Materials and Methods: Mouth mirror, periodontal probe, straight explorer were used to examine the children. Results: The obtained data are subjected to chi-square test to compare between demographical variables. Statistical significance was fixed at p-value

Objective The current study aimed to assess the caries experience and associated factors and its impact on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 6-year-old Libyan children. Methods A cross-sectional survey including 706 six-year-old children was conducted in 2017 in Benghazi, Libya. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire assessing socioeconomic status and oral health behaviours, and the Arabic version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (A-ECOHIS) to assess the OHRQoL. Clinical examination assessed caries experience at tooth level (dmft) and the number of decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (dt, mt and ft). Poisson regression analysis was performed to determine the association between dmft scores and the independent predictors. Linear regression analysis was conducted for ECOHIS scores with the children’s gender, SES and OHB. The statistical significance was set to ≤ 0.05. Results Data were available for 706 children. Caries prevalence (dt) and dmft of ≥ 1 were 69.1% and 71% respectively. The mean ± SD dmft score was 3.23 ± 3.32. There was a significant and direct association between dmft scores and daily consumption of sugary snacks (B = 1.27, P = 0.011) and a significant inverse association with teethbrushing twice daily (B = 0.80, P = 0.041). There was a significant and direct association between A-ECOHIS and dmft (B = 1.14, P ≤ 0.001) and a significant and inverse association between A- ECOHIS and high and intermediate family income compared to low income (B = −3.82, P = 0.0001 and B = −2.06, P = 0.028). Conclusions 6-year-old Libyan children had a relatively high caries experience an untreated decay with impact on OHRQoL. Social disparities, sugar consumption patterns and oral hygiene practices were associated with high caries experience.

This clinical investigation examined the effects of brushing with a test toothpaste containing natural ingredients, that is, clove (Syzgium Aromaticum), aloe vera (Aloe Barbadensis), amla (Emblica Officinalis), neem (Azadirachta Indica), tulsi (Ocimum Basillicum) and honey (from Apis Mellifera) along with zinc salts and fluoride in comparison with a dentifrice formulated with fluoride alone on dental plaque and gingivitis over a 6-month period.One hundred and eighty (180) subjects with mean plaque index scores greater than 1.5 (Turesky Modified Quigley Hein Plaque Index) and gingival index scores1.0 (Loe and Silness gingival index) in good general health and who met other study criteria were enrolled in the clinical study. Subjects were evaluated for plaque and gingival index scores and were randomly assigned to perform twice-daily oral hygiene with either the test or the control toothpaste for the next 6 months. One hundred and fifty (150) subjects [test toothpaste (n = 72) and control toothpaste (n = 78)] completed the 6-month clinical study with evaluable data. Post-treatment assessments identical to baseline were conducted after 3-month and 6-month use of an assigned product after subjects refrained from oral hygiene for 12 h prior to each evaluation. Comparisons of the treatment groups with respect to baseline-adjusted gingival, plaque, and bleeding index scores at the follow-up examinations were performed using analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). All statistical tests of hypotheses were two-sided and employed a level of significance of p 0.05.No significant intergroup differences were noted between treatment groups for age and gender by two-sample t-test and chi-square analyses, respectively (p 0.05). Furthermore, the treatment groups demonstrated no differences at baseline for plaque, gingival and bleeding index scores by a two-sample t-test (p 0.05). At 3-month and 6-month examination, the test toothpaste exhibited progressive reductions in plaque, gingival and bleeding scores as compared to control toothpaste as showed by ANCOVA (p 0.001). In comparison with the control, the test demonstrated reductions in 23.5%, 25.6%, and 73.3% for dental plaque, gingival index and bleeding index outcomes, respectively, at the final visit. Reductions in the frequencies of sites with higher clinical scores were noted over the study with more sites registering improvements in the test group than in the control group.Routine oral hygiene with the test toothpaste formulated with herbal ingredients and zinc demonstrated a clinical adjunctive improvement in oral hygiene and parameters of gingival health as compared to brushing with a fluoride toothpaste.

Introduction: Objective: to determine the association between vegan diet and self-perceived periodontal status in a vegan population of Metropolitan Lima, Peru. Materials and methods: a total of 240 people (120 vegans and 120 non-vegans) were surveyed in this study during the months of August to December 2020 in a virtual way. To evaluate self-perception of periodontal status and oral hygiene habits, the self-report of periodontal disease was used, which is validated with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.77. In addition, other variables such as age, sex, socioeconomic level, educational level, and tobacco consumption were registered. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimator was used both for the association of variables, and prevalence ratios were reported in a crude and adjusted model. The confidence level was 95 % and the significance level was p < 0.05. Results and conclusions: a statistically significant association was found between the appearance of reddish and/or swollen gums (PR = 0.67; 95 % CI: 0.25-0.54) and poor perception of the state of the gums (PR = 0.43; 95 % CI: 0.33-0.56) with the vegan diet. Finally, for the gum bleeding dimension during brushing, no statistically significant differences were observed between vegans and non-vegans. Introducción: Objetivo: determinar la asociación entre la dieta vegana y la autopercepción del estado periodontal en una población vegana de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Materiales y métodos: un total de 240 personas (120 veganas y 120 no veganas) fueron encuestadas en este estudio durante los meses de agosto a diciembre del año 2020 de manera virtual. Para evaluar la autopercepción del estado periodontal y los hábitos de higiene oral se utilizó el autorreporte de enfermedad periodontal, que se encuentra validado con una alfa de Cronbach de 0,77. Además se registraron otras variables como la edad, el sexo, el nivel socioeconómico, el grado de estudio y el consumo de tabaco. Se utilizó la regresión de Poisson con estimador robusto de la varianza para la asociación de las variables y se reportaron razones de prevalencia en un modelo crudo y ajustado. El nivel de confianza fue del 95 % y el de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados y conclusiones: se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la apariencia de encías rojizas y/o hinchadas (RP = 0,67; IC 95 %: 0,25-0,54) y la mala percepción del estado de las encías (RP = 0,43; IC 95 %: 0,33-0,56) con la dieta vegana. Por último, para la dimensión del sangrado de encías durante el cepillado no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las personas veganas y las no veganas. Revisión por pares

A paradigm shift in dental caries treatment in paediatric dentistry is viewed towards a wide using of composite resins. This prospective clinical trial are evaluated and compared during 18 months of clinical performance of a microhybrid composite with a nanoceramic resin composite placed in сlass I and II cavities in permanent teeth in children. Thirty one children aged between 7 and 15 years were investigated during this study. About 40 restorations were performed, 50% for each material: a nanoceramic resin composite “Ceram. X Sphere TEC one” and a microhybrid resin composite “Charisma”. The restorations have been estimated by investigators immediately after complete polishing a filling. Clinical evaluation was performed 18 months after replacement by two other investigators using modified USPHS criteria. In addition to hand instruments, a magnifier was used for investigation of the restoration margins. Eighteen fillings with “Ceram. X Sphere TEC one” and 17 fillings with “Charisma” were available. The USPHS parameters were analyzed with the Chi-square test in18 months. The level of significance was p0.5) regarding the clinical performance. Green-Vermillion hygienic index was 1.48. Thirteen children (43.42%) showed satisfactory level of oral hygiene, 10 children (35.71%) demonstrated good level and 7 children (20.87%) – unsatisfactory level. According to the marginal discoloration and surface roughness criteria, there were no significant differences among the restorative materials (p>0.5). Marginal discoloration was seen in children with unsatisfactory oral hygiene that corresponds to the data of recent study. Marginal adaptation rate was 94.95% for nanoceramic, and 82.35% for the microhybrid restorations. The marginal defects recorded had small detectable defects at the enamel margin of the restorations. According to the anatomic form criterion, there were no significant differences among the restorative materials (p>0.5). Postoperative sensitivity of one nanoceramic and two microhybrid restorations was scored as Bravo at baseline examination, but it disappeared by the 18-months evaluation. For color match criterion, the slight differences were observed in microhybrid restoration in 18 months. This shade mismatch was clinically acceptable (Bravo), with no significant differences noted between the materials studied (p>0.5). The nanoceramic and microhybrid composites have provided acceptable clinical performance over 18-months period. The research pertaining to bigger size of a studied sample and longer observation period is considered advisable to ensure the higher clinical success rate of nanoceramic than microhybrid composite in restoration of permanent teeth in children.

Objective: To compare personal oral hygiene practices between first and final year dental students of Foundation University College of Dentistry (FUCD). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad, from Mar to May 2019. Methodology: A pre-structured questionnaire was distributed to students of first and final year BDS classes with questions related to seven basic oral hygiene practices. These included frequency of teeth cleaning, time spent in cleaning teeth, tools used for cleaning teeth, frequency of changing toothbrushes, use of secondary plaque control methods, whether or not students cleaned their tongue, and how often they visited a dentist. Results: Only 2 out of 7 practices, (i.e. more frequency of brushing, 45/52 (86.5% in final year vs 25/47 (53.1% infirst year and usage of floss 22/52 (42.3%) in final year vs 9/47 (19.1%) in first year) were found to be significantly better in final year students when compared to first year BDS students with a p-value of 0.012 and 0.04 respectively. The remaining differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: When compared with first year BDS students, only 2 out of 7recommended oral hygiene practiceswere found to be better in final year students. Therefore, there is a need for greater emphasis on oral hygienepractices at undergraduate educational years.

Background. Dental caries are a common infectious disease of childhood. It is a highly prevalent disease among children. Aim. The goal of this study was to assess the different brushing techniques used by school children and to identify if there is an association between brushing techniques and dental caries. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 396 school children (9–12 years old) chosen by convenience sampling technique from schools located in Omdurman locality, Sudan. After consent was taken, students were asked in an interview-based questionnaire about their brushing habits. Consequently, they were examined in an upright position using a sterile mouth mirror and a probe. The examination was carried out by a single examiner to investigate the presence of dental caries. The diagnosis was done based on the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria 2013. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and comparison between values using the chi-square test with aPvalue Pvalue ≤0.330). There was a statistical significance between the periodic change of the toothbrush and dental caries (Pvalue ≤0.001). There was statistical significance between the level of education of the mother (Pvalue ≤0.001) and father (Pvalue ≤0.012) to the brushing technique used by the child as well. Conclusion. Due to a lack of awareness consequent of lower socioeconomic status, only a few percentage of the Sudanese population knows how to implement the correct oral hygiene practices to combat dental caries. It is important to design a specific public health program that particularly targets families of low socioeconomic status, which represents the majority. Dental caries persist as a widespread condition in Sudan as a result of a deficit in these kinds of programs.

Objectives To investigate plaque inhibition of 0.1% octenidine mouthwash (OCT) vs. placebo over 5 days in the absence of mechanical plaque control. Materials and methods For this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel group, multi-center phase 3 study, 201 healthy adults were recruited. After baseline recording of plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI), collection of salivary samples, and dental prophylaxis, subjects were randomly assigned to OCT or placebo mouthwash in a 3:1 ratio. Rinsing was performed twice daily for 30 s. Colony forming units in saliva were determined before and after the first rinse. At day 5, PI, GI, and tooth discoloration index (DI) were assessed. Non-parametric van Elteren tests were applied with a significance level of p Results Treatment with OCT inhibited plaque formation more than treatment with placebo (PI: 0.36 vs. 1.29; p p = 0.003) and salivary bacterial counts (2.73 vs. placebo 0.24 lgCFU/ml; p p = 0.0011). Mild tongue staining and dysgeusia occurred. Conclusions OCT 0.1% mouthwash inhibits plaque formation over 5 days. It therefore can be recommended when regular oral hygiene is temporarily compromised. Clinical relevance When individual plaque control is compromised, rinsing with octenidine mouthwash is recommended to maintain healthy oral conditions while side effects are limited.

Introduction: The exact origin of mechanical device for cleaning teeth is not known. In past, plants with high aromatic properties were chewed by people in twigs form. These twigs freshened breath and spread out fibres at their tips as they were used for cleaning teeth and gum surfaces. China was the first country to invent toothbrush. Widely used oral hygiene aids are toothbrush and toothpaste. Objective: To assess the factors influencing selection of oral hygiene aids among an urban population of Kathmandu district. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted during July-October 2019 among the adult population from outreach programs and outpatient department of Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital after receiving ethical approval from Institutional Review Committee. Convenience sampling was done. A predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection purpose. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using SPSS v.20 software. Chi-square test was done at ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: Among 301 participants, 133 (44.2%) were male and 168 (55.8%) were female. The factors that influenced selection of toothpaste were: taste 169 (56.1%), fluoride content 160 (53.2%), previous experience 209 (69.4%), dentist’s advice 180 (59.8%). Factors that influenced selection of toothbrush were: texture of bristle 274 (91%), cost of toothbrush 169 (56%), brand 211 (70%), previous experience, 200 (66.4%), 184 (61%) by size of head of toothbrush, and 184 (61.1%) by dentist’s advice. Conclusion: Previous experience, cost, and dentist’s advice seemed influential factors in the choice of oral hygiene aids among the urban population of Kathmandu district.

Fixed functional appliances correct class II malocclusion by bringing the mandible forward into a new position. Patients using Fixed Functional Appliances complain of difficulty in oral hygiene, soft-tissue irritation, appliance breakage, and difficulty in mastication. Hence, the aim of this study was to conduct a survey evaluating patients’ acceptance of various fixed functional appliances in a university set up. This questionnaire-based study was a university-based setting which consisted of 10 closed-ended and open-ended questions out of which 2 were open-ended questions and 8 were close-ended. It covered discomfort, difficulty in speech, brushing, mastication, oral hygiene and fracture of the appliance. Descriptive statistics were performed. Chi-square test was used to determine the discomfort experienced due to the duration of wear. The significance level for the p-value was set at 0.05. Chi-square test reported that statistically, the insignificant association observed between duration of wear and level of discomfort (p>0.31). All functional appliances have their own disadvantages and discomfort, which is dependent on the intricate fabrication as well as their implementation. Within the limits of the study, it was observed that discomfort was more in the initial few days but reduced over a period of time as the patients got adapted to the appliance.

Background: Young children’s oral health maintenance and outcomes are influenced by their parent’s knowledge and beliefs, which affect oral hygiene and healthy eating habits. This study aims at assessing caries risk in children aged 6 months to 6 years attending the Specialized Center of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry Center at Al-Resafa sector in Baghdad. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 15 May – 15 June 2018, all children attended the center (80 children) were assessed by using the standard caries risk assessment tool of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). Results: The highest percentage of children was as follows: no fluoride exposure 44(55%), did not brush 46(57.5%), had no special health care needs 77(96.25%), had no missed teeth due to caries 51(63.75%), had no-visible plaque 52(65%), frequent or prolonged between-meal exposure/day 55(68.75%), their mothers had carious lesions in last 7-23 months 34(42.5%); in visual caries: had carious lesions or restorations in last 24 months 67(83.75%), while the incipient carious lesions in last 24 months were 50(62.50%). Most of risk assessment score for the participants was moderate 57(71.3%), followed by low risk 16(20%), while the participants with high risk were 7(8.8%), with a statistically significant association between the risk assessment score and fluoride exposure (p=0.043), sugary foods or drinks(p=0.038), caries experience of the mothers (p=0.001), brushing (p=0.020) visual caries (p=0.000), incipient caries (p= 0.000), missing teeth due to caries (p= 0.001), but no statistical significance with special health care needs (p=0.533) and visible plaque (p=0.259). Conclusion: Moderate-risk of developing dental caries was predominant among the participants, followed by low-risk and less high-risk categories.

Objectives The present study aims to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's mental and physical balance, oral hygiene habits, type of diet, perceived safety of returning to the dentist, and aesthetics with the use of masks. Materials and Methods An online questionnaire was submitted to the Italian population between December 2020 and January 2021. It was sent via online platforms and included 21 questions. Statistical Analysis Differences in rates were calculated by using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p Results A total of 1,008 individuals completed the questionnaire. About 72% of participants were not concerned about returning to the dentist. Approximately 45% of the individuals intensified their oral hygiene and preventive rules. About 38% of participants increased their carbohydrate intake, while 28% increased their fat consumption. Furthermore, 75% of the participants felt that the mask did not diminish the beauty of their smile. Conclusions Most participants felt comfortable returning to the dentist but only for more urgent treatment. However, most people reported that they had not stepped up their home oral hygiene measures. The biggest changes in the population's eating habits involved increased carbohydrate and fat consumption. Finally, most participants responded that mask use did not compromise their aesthetics.

Objective To determine if an adjunct proteolytic pre-rinse along with contemporary methods of dental cleaning may more effectively remove visual plaque in subjects with fixed orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods Forty-three orthodontic subjects, ages 10 to 25, completed this single site, double-blind, crossover clinical trial. Subjects randomly received bromelain enzyme or a powdered-sugar placebo pre-rinse, followed by manual tooth brushing and use of a Waterpik. Subjects received the alternate pre-rinse during the subsequent visit. Baseline and residual plaque accumulation were recorded via disclosing tablet and digital photography. A single, blinded examiner scored visual plaque scores from randomized photographs. Treatment effects on composite plaque score were evaluated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. A 5% significance level was used for all tests. Results No significant differences in plaque scores were noted at baseline or post-rinse between the enzyme and placebo. The changes from baseline to post-rinse (P = .190), post-brushing (P = .764), and post-Waterpik (P = .882) were not significantly different between interventions. Significant reduction in plaque scores were observed in both arms of the study after brushing (P < .01) and waterjet use (P < .01). Neither age (P = .220) nor gender (P = .449) impacted plaque scores. Conclusions Use of a bromelain enzyme pre-rinse alone did not significantly enhance plaque removal. A significant reduction in retained plaque was observed with the application of brushing and or Waterpik.

Objective: The objective was to assess plaque removal potential of a newly designed oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations compared to a manual toothbrush. Methods: This was a randomized single-brushing, two-treatment, examiner-blind, replicate-use, four-period crossover design study, conducted with three cohorts of nine subjects each, with all subjects using each toothbrush twice. Test toothbrushes included a new O-R rechargeable electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations (Oral-B iO prototype) and a manual American Dental Association (ADA) reference toothbrush. On each of the four study visits, subjects refrained from oral hygiene for 12 hours prior. At each visit, subjects received a pre-brushing plaque examination, brushed with their assigned toothbrush and a marketed fluoride dentifrice and then received a post-brushing plaque examination. Plaque was assessed using the expanded Turesky Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index. Treatment comparison analyses were two-sided and carried out at the 5% significance level. Results: All 27 randomized subjects (mean age = 42.0 years) completed the trial. Both brushes produced significant plaque reductions versus baseline (P < 0.001). The O-R electric brush provided statistically significantly greater plaque reductions in all regions compared to the regular manual toothbrush, with a between-treatment difference of 0.929 for whole mouth plaque, 0.965 for proximal plaque, 1.029 for lingual plaque and 0.815 for facial plaque (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Additionally, use of the novel O-R brush yielded greater brushing evenness/consistency when comparing the facial and lingual mean plaque removal differences relative to manual brushing (P = 0.001). Both brushes were well-tolerated. Conclusion: The novel O-R toothbrush with micro-vibrations produced significantly greater plaque reductions compared to the manual toothbrush.

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is associated with reduced oral health and impaired oro-facial function, but besides recommendations of dental visits and drooling treatment, there are little documented odontological treatment options. Objectives To evaluate the effect of standardised home exercise jaw opening and chewing programmes, as well as home oral hygiene measures instructed and controlled by a trained dentist. Methods Twenty-nine patients (median 65 years) with moderate to advanced PD participated in the project after informed consent. They were followed at a Neurology Department, were able to cooperate, and had stable medical treatment and nine also deep brain stimulation. The interventions were individual dental hygiene instruction, training of jaw opening (JawTrainer), and lip and chewing exercises (Ulmer Oral Screen and Proxident Fluoride Gum). The study was performed as a randomised controlled study. The treatment effect was evaluated after 2 and 4 months. The primary outcome was maximum unassisted jaw opening capacity, chewing time of a standardised apple slice, and the Simplified Debris Index. Results were analysed with Wilcoxon matched pairs test and Mann-Whitney U test (significance level P Results Jaw opening, chewing time and hygiene were significantly improved 2 months from the start of the invention, respectively, 6%, 49%, and 25%, and the improvement was still significant after 4 months. No significant changes were found after the 2-month control period without intervention. Conclusion The simple measures had a substantial and significant clinical effect which is promising despite the progressive nature of the PD.

Aim Parental behavior is known to influence the well-being and disease outcomes in children. The environment which they create for the child can influence oral health behaviors and status. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the association of parental behavior with oral health status among 3-5-year-old children in Bengaluru city. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children aged 3-5 years. The child's demographic profile including socioeconomic status, dental history, oral habits, and oral hygiene practices was recorded. A 21-item prevalidated Parenting Style and Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to assess parental behavior. WHO oral health pro forma (2013) was used to assess the oral health status of children. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-test and binary logistic regression were applied. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results The majority of parents were authoritative (64.0%). The mean age of children was 4.15 ± 0.74 years. Sixty-one percent of the children had caries experience. The permissive group had a higher mean dmft (4.25 ± 3.43) than the authoritarian (2.1 ± 1.67) and authoritative group (1.51 ± 1.94) (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between authoritative and permissive (p < 0.001) and authoritarian and permissive (p < 0.001) groups for dt and dmft. Parenting style was significantly associated with dental caries and trauma. Conclusion There is an association between parental behavior and oral health status among 3-5-year-old children. Hence, a prior appraisal of parental behavior is suggested for better oral health outcomes in children. Clinical significance A prior appraisal of parenting style aids the clinician in the more efficient management of children through proper choice of behavior guidance technique. How to cite this article Sabbarwal B, Puranik MP, SR Uma. Association between Parental Behavior and Child's Oral Health among 3-5-year-old Children in Bengaluru City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(6):677-681.

Objective: To compare prevalence of dental caries, oral hygiene status and associated risk factors of children in suburban and rural communities in the Southwest region of Nigeria . Material and Methods: Secondary data was extracted from cross-sectional researches conducted in two study locations involving 8 to 12 year olds. Data retrieved included age, gender, family structure, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene and dental caries. Caries assessment was done using WHO Oral Health Survey methods. Oral hygiene data was collected using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) by Greene and Vermillion. Statistical significance was established at p

Fundamento: O estado de saúde bucal pode ter influência física e psicológica sobre a vida dos indivíduos. Pode afetar simultaneamente o prazer na vida devido a interferência nas condições bucais, na fala, mastigação, sabor e deglutição, nos domínios sociais, sobre a aparência e autoconfiança dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Verificar se o tratamento protético odontológico é capaz de gerar melhoria na qualidade de vida e na autoestima de pacientes idosos submetidos a hemodiálise. Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo intervencional com 26 pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise na cidade de Diamantina, Brasil. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a realização do tratamento; com e sem tratamento. O grupo tratamento recebeu ajustes ou confecção de uma nova prótese odontológica, já o grupo sem tratamento recebeu apenas avaliação clínica e orientações sobre higiene bucal. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através do instrumento Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Questionnaire (SF-36) e Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) na sua versão 14. Já para a autoestima utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Resultados: A média de idade foi 69,08 anos (±05,90) e o índice CPO-D médio foi de 29,65 (±01,35). Houve significância estatística na dimensão aspecto emocional do SF-36 nos dois grupos. O grupo que recebeu tratamento apresentou significância na incapacidade física do OHIP-14 e melhora da autoestima. Conclusão: O tratamento protético odontológico gerou melhoria na qualidade de vida e impactou na autoestima de pacientes idosos submetidos à hemodiálise, sendo o impacto maior nos pacientes que realizaram tratamento protético.

Background Fluctuations in pH of saliva during a prolonged treatment course influences the enamel demineralization progress, which is one of the complications of fixed orthodontic treatment. This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate and compare the short-term effects of stainless steel (SS) versus elastomeric (EM) ligatures on salivary pH in patients scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods Seventy participants were enrolled in the study (54 female, 16 male) aged 19–36 years who met specific inclusion criteria. They were randomly selected and allocated into two equal groups through computer-generated randomization. All patients received fixed orthodontic treatment using conventional orthodontic brackets. Two commonly used archwire ligature methods were used: SS and EMs. An unstimulated (resting) salivary sample was collected before tying of the ligatures at T0 (baseline), 2 weeks, 6 (weeks), and 12 (weeks). Salivary pH was measured using a digital pH meter. The level of significance was set at p value Results The salivary pH level was stable between T0 and T1 (6.72 ± 0.14), then significantly and progressively increased from T1 to T2 (6.78 ± 0.13) and from T2 to T3 (6.81 ± 0.14) with (p Conclusion The EM ligatures showed a significant decrease in salivary pH to an unfavorable level, which increased the risk of enamel demineralization. Therefore, EMs as ligature material is preferably should not be recommended in patients with high caries index or inadequate oral hygiene. Trial registration ANZCTR.org. (ACTRN12618001647224) http://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12618001647224.aspx. Registration Date: 5/10/2018, “Retrospectively registered”.

Background The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of dental faculties students regarding the complete transition to distance-based education (DE) and the adaptation of this educational strategy, due to Covid-19 pandemic. A questionnaire to be completed anonymously was submitted online to students attending the faculties of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene at Sapienza, University of Rome, after the end of distance lessons. The collected data were processed statistically, providing descriptive data and analysis of correlation of the most significant parameters, using Chi-squared test, Cramér V and Pearson φ2, Goodman and Kruskal’s γ and λ and Kendall’s τb. The level of statistical significance was p Results A total of 314 students participated in the survey. The overall level of satisfaction on a ten- point scale was 5.39 ± 2.59 for Oral Hygiene students and 6.15 ± 2.98 for Dentistry students. The most common complaints were the lack of a structured online curriculum, less interaction with professors and a lower level of attention. On the basis of the responses, scored using Likert-type Scale, oral Hygiene students reported statistically higher level of physical fatigue(p = 0.0189), a lower level of attention (p = 0.0136) and of the quality and quantity of acquired knowledge during distance education (p = 0.0392), compared to Dentistry students. Level of perceived stress and quality and quantity of acquired knowledge (γ = 0.81 and τb =0.56) and quality and quantity of acquired knowledge and fear of a decrease in knowledge (γ = 0.76 and τb =0.54) are associated variables. Conclusion Students’ feedback is essential to solve the key issues emerged from the questionnaire. New educational models should be define in order to ensure that distance education could be effective, meeting the learning needs of the students, and could not be a merely “online shift” of traditional methods, used as an alternative of live education.