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The general objective of this presentation is to demonstrate the great potential of III-V semiconductor -membrane photonic devices, with a special emphasis on InP and related materials in the prospect of new developments in the field of micro-nano-photonics. Various classes devices will be presented, which will have the communality of being based on the use of high index contrast structuration of semiconductor materials. The structuration is achieved vertically for the first class, by forming thin semiconductor membranes surrounded by low optical index material, or laterally for the second class via a two-dimensional (2-D) lateral structuration of the membranes (thus, resulting in 2-D photonic crystal (PC) structures); both structurations are also combined, according to a "2.5-dimensional" approach, which should broaden considerably the combinations of functionality beyond those presently contemplated with the two first classes. The general technological scheme of the membrane approach is fully compatible with planar technology which is widely in use in the world of silicon microelectronics and with heterogeneous integration of III-V active microphotonic devices with silicon microphotonics and microelectronics (e.g., molecular bonding of InP active membranes on silica on silicon substrate). A variety of devices will be presented, featuring micro-lasers based on 2-D PC micro-cavities as well as on 2-D Bloch modes (2-D distributed-feed-back micro-laser) for in plane and surface emission.

One- and two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs have numerous applications in integrated optics. Unfortunately, due to their finite height, their in-plane guided modes can suffer outcoupling losses. Although considered as detrimental in the context of the development of photonic integrated circuits, it turns that the coupling of waveguided modes to radiative modes can be usefully exploited for the manipulation of photons in free space. It is shown in this paper that interaction of radiative and guided modes through a photonic crystal, especially under conditions where the latter correspond to extrema of the dispersion characteristics of the photonic crystal, results in resonance phenomena, which can be used practically for the development of new classes of devices, e.g., combining photonic crystal and microoptoelectromechanical systems structures.

One dimensional and two dimensional photonic crystal slabs have numerous applications in integrated optics. Unfortunately, due to their finite height, their in plane guided modes can suffer out-coupling losses. Although considered as detrimental in the context of the development of photonic integrated circuits, it turns that the coupling of wave-guided modes to radiative modes can be usefully exploited for the manipulation of photons in free space. It is shown in this paper that interaction of radiative and guided modes through a photonic crystal, especially under conditions where the later correspond to extreme of the dispersion characteristics of the photonic crystal, results in resonance phenomena which can be used practically for the development of new classes of devices, e.g. combining photonic crystal and MOEMS (micro opto electro mechanical systems) structures: PCMOEMS.

We report the direct, room-temperature, near-field mapping and spectroscopy of the optical modes of a photonic-crystal microcavity containing quantum wells. We use a near-field optical probe to reveal the imprint of the cavity mode structure on the quantum-well emission. Furthermore, near-field spectroscopy allows us to demonstrate the strong spatial and spectral dependence of the coupling between the sources and the microcavity. This knowledge will be essential in devising future nanophotonic devices. © 2005 The American Physical Society.

The general objective of this presentation is to demonstrate the great potential of two dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystals (PC) based on InP-membranes bonded onto silica on silicon substrates, with a special emphasis on the development of various classes of 2D PC microlasers. The basic building block consists in an InP (and related material) membrane including a 2D PC formed by a lattice of holes : the membrane is bonded onto low index material, e .g. silica on silicon substrate, in the prospect of heterogeneous integration with silicon based microelectronics. Examples of devices will be presented, specifically micro-lasers based on 2D PC micro-cavities as well as on 2D in plane and surface emitting Bloch modes (2D Distributed-Feed-Back micro-laser).

New types of switching devices with spatial and spectral resolution combining photonic crystal (PC) and micro-opto-electro-mechanical structures (MOEMS) are proposed. They are based on multilayer suspended high refractive index III–V-based semiconductor membranes, some of these membranes being laterally structured to form a bidimensional PC. We present a method for fabricating these devices implying an original approach that combines micro- and nanotechnologies. The PC is patterned by using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching. The MOEMS structure is an InP-air gaps multilayer realized by a combination of classical processing of epitaxially grown layers with a selective postprocess micromachining of sacrificial epilayers. Primary demonstrator acting as a wavelength selective and “switchable” coupler including a triangular lattice of PC holes on top of a InP–air gap pair-based Bragg reflector has been realized. We present the preliminary results on the technological fabrication and optical ch...

Graphite-lattice photonic crystal structures in InP-based heterostructures transferred onto silicon, including a multi-quantum well active layer, have been designed and fabricated. 1.5 /spl mu/m vertical emission laser operation was observed at room temperature, with very low threshold (below 50 /spl mu/W).