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Silica optical fibers are employed in endoscopy and related minimally invasive medical methods thanks to their good transparency and flexibility. Although silicon oxide is a biocompatible material, its use involves a serious health risk due to its fragility and the fact that potential fiber fragments can freely move inside the body without the possibility of being detected by conventional methods such as X-ray imaging. A possible solution to this issue can be the development of optical fibers based on bioresorbable (i.e., biodegradable and biocompatible) materials, which exhibit the important benefit of not having to be explanted after their functionality has expired. The optical power transmission tests of recently developed single-mode (SM) and multi-mode (MM) bioresorbable optical fibers based on calcium-phosphate glasses (CPGs) are here reported. A continuous-wave (CW) fiber laser at 1080 nm with output power up to 13 W and picosecond laser sources at 515 and 1030 nm with MW pulse peak power were used to test the transmission capabilities of the CPG fibers. No degradation of the CPG fibers transmission under long-term illumination by CW laser was observed. A laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) at a fluence higher than 0.17 J/cm2 was assessed with the picosecond laser sources.

To fulfil the requirements for high-resolution organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, precise and high-quality micrometer-scale patterns have to be fabricated inside metal shadow masks. Invar has been selected for this application due to its unique properties, especially a low coefficient of thermal expansion. In this study, a novel cost-efficient method of multi-beam micromachining of invar will be introduced. The combination of a Meopta beam splitting, focusing and monitoring module with a galvanometer scanner and HiLASE high-energy pulse laser system emitting ultrashort pulses at 515 nm allows drilling and cutting of invar foil with 784 beams at once with high precision and almost no thermal effects and heat-affected zone, thus significantly improving the throughput and efficiency.

Multi-beam micro- and nano-machining of material surfaces has been getting more important because of its great potential to increase production speed of large size laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS). Fast and cheap production of engineered surfaces structures can bring unique properties of surfaces like tailored wettability, friction, antibacterial properties, etc., to mass-production with consequence in, for example, energy and costs savings. However, tailoring of long-term stable interference patterns from ultrashort laser pulses requires an extremely stable laser system with nearly diffraction-limited output beams. HiLASE Centre developed such a thin-disk-based Yb:YAG sub-picosecond laser platform, PERLA, providing average output power up to 0.5 kW with 2nd and 4th harmonic generation extensions and demonstrated its potential for direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). In this paper, we focus on details of the thin-disk PERLA laser.

An overview of the latest developments of kilowatt-level diode pumped solid state lasers for advanced applications at the HiLASE Centre is presented. An overview of subcontracted and in-house-developed laser beamlines is presented. The aim of development is to build kW-class beamlines delivering picosecond pulses between 1- and 100-kHz repetition rates and high-energy nanosecond pulses at 10 Hz. The picosecond beamlines are based on Yb:YAG thin-disk amplifiers and chirped pulse amplification. The current status of the beamlines’ performance is reported. The advantages of zero-phonon line and pulsed pumping are demonstrated with respect to efficiency, thin disk temperature and beam quality. New diagnostics methods supporting the high average power lasers’ development, such as the high-resolution spectroscopy of Yb-doped materials, in situ thin disk deformation measurements, single-shot M2 measurement, realization of wavefront correction by a deformable mirror and the laser performance of a new mixed garnet ceramics, are described. The energetic, thermal and fluid-mechanical numerical modeling for the optimization of the multi-slab amplifiers is also described.

We report on the generation of picosecond deep ultraviolet pulses at 257.5 nm and 206 nm produced as the fourth and fifth harmonic frequencies of the diode-pumped Yb:YAG thin-disk laser at the fundamental wavelength of 1030 nm. We present a proposal for a picosecond pulse mid-IR source tunable between 2 and 3 μm. The laser at the fundamental wavelength is based on a chirped-pulse amplification of pulses of a sub-ps laser oscillator in a regenerative amplifier with a thin-disk active medium. The diode pumping at the zero phonon line is used. The output beam is close to the fundamental spatial mode and the pulses are characterized by a 100 kHz repetition frequency, less than 4 ps pulse duration and ≤1 mJ pulse energy. The fundamental beam is split and the main part is first frequency doubled in an LBO crystal. Subsequently the fourth harmonic frequency (257.5 nm) is produced by frequency doubling of the second harmonic frequency in BBO/CLBO crystals. The remaining part of the fundamental beam is summed with the fourth harmonic beam in the 1ω+4ω quantum reaction in a further CLBO crystal for the fifth harmonic frequency (206 nm) production. The design for the generation of the mid-IR wavelengths is based on the optical parametric generation and amplification. The first stage contains a temperature tuned PPLN, the following amplification stages are based on KTA crystals tuned by angle. Picosecond output pulses tunable between 2 and 3 μm at an average power of 10 W are proposed.

High average power picosecond Yb:YAG thin-disk lasers are being developed at Hilase. A compact 1 mJ/100 kHz and 4 mJ/100 kHz zero-phonon-line-pumped regenerative amplifiers PERLA C with a CVBG compressor provide

Mid-IR wavelength range offers variety of interesting applications. Down-conversion in the optical parametric devices is promising to generate high average power mid-IR beam due to inherently low thermal load of the nonlinear crystals if a powerful and high quality pump beam is available. We developed 100 kHz pump laser of 100-W level average power. The stretched pulses of Yb-fiber laser oscillator at 1030 nm wavelength are injected into the regenerative amplifier with an Yb:YAG thin-disk. Diode pumping at zero phonon line at wavelength of 969 nm significantly reduces its thermal load and increases conversion efficiency and stability. We obtained the beam with power of 80 W and 2 ps compressed pulsewidth. We are developing a watt level mid-IR picosecond light source pumped by a beam of the thin disk regenerative amplifier. Part of the beam pumps PPLN, which is seeded by a continuous wave laser diode at 1.94 μm to decrease the generation threshold and determine the amplified spectrum. The 3 W pumping gave output of 30 mW, which is by up to two orders higher compared to unseeded operation. The gain of about 107 was achieved in the PPLN in the temporal window of the pump pulse. The spectrum and beam of the generated idler pulses in the mid-IR was measured. We obtained an amplified signal from the second stage with the KTP crystal. We expect watt level mid-IR output for initial 50-W pumping. The generation of longer wavelengths is discussed.

We report on the generation of 100 kHz 0.1mJ-level deep ultraviolet pulses based on frequency-quadrupled (257.5 nm) beam of a diode pumped Yb:YAG thin disk laser at the HiLASE Centre. The 100-kHz beamline used for the generation of the harmonic frequencies is operated at an average output power of 100 W level and 2 picosecond duration of pulses. The amplification of the oscillator beam is performed in a regenerative amplifier where the thin disk serves as an active mirror. The CPA technique is used for achieving high average output power of the whole system. The outcoming laser beam at 1030 nm wavelength is frequency-doubled in an LBO crystal and then frequency-quadrupled in BBO crystal, conversion efficiencies being 40% and 19%, resp. The basic characteristics of the harmonics generation in both crystals are given.

We report on the generation of the second (515 nm) and fourth (257.5 nm) harmonics from a 100 kHz diode-pumped solid-state laser operating at a wavelength of 1030 nm which uses one Yb:YAG thin disk in the regenerative amplifier and delivers 60 W of the average output power in pulses of 4 ps duration. Thirty-five W in green light and 6 W in deep ultraviolet (DUV) were achieved. The sensitivity of the second harmonic generation efficiency toward the lithium triborate crystal temperature is demonstrated in experiment. The overall conversion efficiency from NIR to DUV of 10% was achieved. The β-barium borate and cesium lithium borate crystals were used as green to DUV convertors and compared regarding the efficiency and spectral bandwidths. The achieved output power is unique for DUV picosecond pulses.

Amplification of femtosecond pulses using an ultra-narrowband gaseous pulse laser was demonstrated for the first time. A single-shot sub-nanosecond iodine photodissociation laser with a bandwidth of 20 pm was used as a driver in an allstage OPCPA. An externally triggerable OPO tuned to laser line of 1315.24 nm was used in the front end of the iodine laser. Frequency tripled beam at 438 nm was used to pump parametric amplifiers, LBO and KDP crystals. The signal pulses from a Ti:sapphire laser at the central wavelength of 800 nm with a bandwidth of 70 nm (FWHM) were stretched from 12.5 fs to 250 ps and amplified by a factor of 2×10 8 . The amplified pulses of typical bandwidth of 50 nm were compressed down to 27 fs. The output power of 0.5 TW was achieved. An optimized amplifier chain and addition of a third nonlinear crystal would enable to generate femtosecond pulses of several terawatts. The broadband pulses at 800 nm central wavelength were amplified in the KDP crystal for the first time, due to the suitable wavelength of the pump pulses. Availability of large aperture KDP crystals promises the generation of petawatt beam at kJ iodine laser facilities.

Radio-frequency discharge of 13.56MHz in hydrogen was used for processing single domain crystalline LiNbO3 wafers under an electrodeless capacitive coupling. At a pressure of 0.5 torr and RF input power of 250 W a surface layer of approx. 0.5 μm on the LiNbO3 wafers was created in which the niobate structure was strongly injured. The Li concentration dropped almost to zero at the very surface and only niobium oxides remained there. After the surface modification the wafers lost their insulating properties and became electrically conducting. The sheet resistance was measured and revealed a semiconducting character. We discuss possible mechanisms of the charge carriers creation in the material during the plasma processing. The nuclear method NDP (Neutron Depth Profiling) has been used for the lithium depth profiling and the four-point probe technique for the sheet resistanace measurements.

Picosecond, high average power laser is critical in the HVM EUV source technology. 100kHz, mJ, laser is realized by thin disc laser architecture for LPP, and > MHz laser is discussed for 10kW level EUV FEL.

The development of kW-class diode-pumped picosecond laser sources emitting at various wavelengths started at the HiLASE Center four years ago. A 500-W Perla C thin-disk laser with a diffraction limited beam and repetition rate of 50–100 kHz, a frequency conversion to mid-infrared (mid-IR), and second to fifth harmonic frequencies was demonstrated. We present an updated review on the progress in the development of compact picosecond and femtosecond high average power radiation sources covering the ultraviolet (UV) to mid-IR spectral range at the HiLASE Center. We also report on thin-disk manufacturing by atomic diffusion bonding, which is a crucial technology for future high-power laser development.