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Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal meshes play an indispensable role in many optoelectronic devices due to their excellent mechanical stability and environmental adaptability. However, low-cost, simple, efficient, and environmental friendly integrated manufacturing of high-performance embedded metal meshes remains a huge challenge. Here, a facile and novel fabrication method is proposed for FTEs with an embedded metal mesh via liquid substrateelectric-field-driven microscale 3D printing process. This direct printing strategy avoids tedious processes and offers low-cost and high-volume production, enabling the fabrication of high-resolution, high-aspect ratio embedded metal meshes without sacrificing transparency. The final manufactured FTEs with 80 mm × 80 mm embedded metal mesh offers excellent optoelectronic performance with a sheet resistance (Rs) of 6 𝛀 sq-1 and a transmittance (T) of 85.79%. The embedded metal structure still has excellent mechanical stability and good environmental suitability under different harsh working conditions. The practical feasibility of the FTEs is successfully demonstrated with a thermally driven 4D printing structure and a resistive transparent strain sensor. This method can be used to manufacture large areas with facile, high-efficiency, low-cost, and high-performance FTEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible transparent electrodes are widely used in flexible displays, optoelectronic devices, flexible heating/electromagnetic shielding devices, and flexible sensors. However, significant challenges remain to obtain stable service under harsh environments, owing to the limitations of flexible transparent substrates and conductive materials. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective fabrication approach for harsh‐environment flexible transparent electrodes (HFTEs) is demonstrated via the electric field‐driven microscale 3D printing of a silver mesh on a colorless polyimide (CPI) substrate. Vertical jet orientation on the CPI substrate is realized by controlling the printing parameters, which effectively reduce the instability of the cone jet and is conducive to the preparation of the high‐precision silver mesh on the CPI substrate. The HFTE exhibits good optoelectronic properties (resistance of 4.82 Ω sq−1 and transmittance of 92.26%), and excellent extreme environmental stability with a negligible increase in sheet resistance under various cyclic tests (200 000 bending cycles, 100 adhesion tests, high temperature heating capacity of 360 °C, 80 h of chemical attack, and 120 days of atmospheric environment attack). Baking of quail eggs and deicing experiments are also conducted, which successfully demonstrate the practical viability of the HFTE. Thus, the proposed technique offers a simple and efficient solution for the manufacturing of HFTEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]