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This paper proposes a bidirectional trifunctional splitter with a bilayer ridge structure for polarization-selective and polarization-insensitive outputs at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The configuration can realize a four-port output for both polarizations and TE-two/TM-three output. In the upper part of the bidirectional trifunctional splitter, for TE polarization, two outputs exhibit diffraction efficiencies greater than 49%, while for TM polarization, three outputs exhibit diffraction efficiencies greater than 32%. Furthermore, for the lower part of this beam splitter, under both TE and TM polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of four outputs exceed 24%. Compared to the previous beam splitter, the bidirectional trifunctional splitter exhibits superior uniformity and is capable of simultaneously achieving polarization-selective and polarization-insensitive outputs. Furthermore, the configuration is theoretically resistant to the geometric dimensions, which greatly reduces the difficulty of fabrication. This work exhibits a novel approach to the design of energy-splitting devices and optical communication systems with multiple outputs. • Novel bidirectional trifunctional splitter with a bilayer ridge on two sided microstructure. • Implementing four-port output either for two polarizations simultaneously or TE-two/TM-three output. • Exhibiting superior uniformity or achieving polarization-selective and polarization-insensitive outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the polarization sensitivity, a T-type grating with the material SiO2 is proposed on a reflective layer made of aluminum material. Based on structural parameters derived from rigorous coupled-wave analysis and simulated annealing, the described reflection beam splitter enables a nine-port separation under normal incidence. In addition, it demonstrates exceptional and uniform diffraction efficiency. For transverse electric polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd, and ±4th are 10.02%, 11.70%, 10.85%, 11.00%, and 10.03%, respectively. For transverse magnetic polarization, the diffraction efficiencies of 0th, ±1st, ±2nd, ±3rd, and ±4th are 12.54%, 10.13%, 9.51%, 10.46%, and 11.89%, respectively. The finite element technique is used to verify the diffraction efficiency values. In addition, a thorough analysis of the fabrication tolerance, wavelength bandwidth, and electromagnetic field dispersion is conducted. The outcome shows that the suggested grating structure has outstanding uniformity and efficiency, and these studies greatly enhance our knowledge of and progress toward the creation of the nine-port beam splitter. Consequently, there is a lot of room for the implementation of the suggested grating in multi-channel optical communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]