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Introduction: Epilepsy is a network disorder that can cause alterations in retinal morphology due to microstructural changes in the brain. The aim of our study was to use spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the possible effects of neuronal degeneration on the intraretinal layers and macular structures of people with epilepsy and epilepsy subgroups. Methods: We enrolled 52 consecutive people with epilepsy (37 females, 15 males; mean age 29.8±9.9 years; range, 17-48 years) and 40 healthy volunteers (27 females, 13 males; mean age 33.3±10.2 years; range, 19-49 years) in this study. Both eyes of all participants were assessed by using spectral-domain OCT. Optical coherence tomography was used to assess the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCC-IPL), central macula, and central macular volume. Results: In comparison to healthy controls, people with epilepsy showed a thinner GCC-IPL in the superior and superior-nasal quadrants, as well as reduced macular thickness and macular volume (p<0.05). The thickness of the GCC-IPL layer in the superior and inferior subquadrants was negatively affected by frequent seizures (>5 seizures/year), polytherapy, and long-duration of epilepsy (≥10 years) (p<0.05). However, we did not find any other statistically significant associations between OCT measurements, age, sex, and epilepsy type (focal and generalized onset epilepsy). Conclusion: Individuals with epilepsy exhibited microstructural alterations in the retinal layers, primarily in the superior and inferior quadrants. Frequent seizures, polytherapy, and long-duration of epilepsy may result in neuronal damage in the afferent visual system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Vitreomacular traction(VMT) is a clinical syndrome that can cause decreased vision. • VMT may affect the treatment response in cases of age-related macular degeneration(AMD). • Factors affecting the course of VMT in AMD cases will guide the clinician in terms of patient management. Vitreomacular traction(VMT) is a clinical syndrome that can cause decreased vision and may affect the treatment response in cases of age-related macular degeneration(AMD). Factors affecting the course of VMT in AMD cases will guide the clinician in terms of patient management. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VMT in patients with AMD, to evaluate the natural course of VMT, and to investigate factors associated with the prognosis of VMT in eyes with AMD. This retrospective case series was conducted with 55 eyes of 46 patients who were diagnosed as having AMD accompanying with VMT. Demographic data, complete ophthalmologic examination findings, type of AMD, receiving an intravitreal injection(IVI), number of IVIs, and the presence of complete spontaneous release were obtained from the medical records of the patients. The horizontal length of VMT(HLVMT), central macular thickness(CMT), the horizontal length of choroidal neovascularization(HLCNV) were evaluated from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT) images. Spontaneous release was observed in 7(28%) eyes of the exudative AMD group and 10(33.3%) eyes of the nonexudative AMD group. On the last visit, the HLVMT was increased in 22(40%) of the eyes and a decrease in HLVMT was observed in 8(14.5%) of the eyes. In the remaining 12(21.8%) eyes had unchanged HLVMT. In all eyes with CNV, the area of VMT corresponded in 100% with localization of the CNV complex. No significant difference was found between the eyes with spontaneous release and persistent traction in terms of the type of AMD, IVI, HLVMT, age, gender, and crystalline lens status. In this study, VMT was observed at higher rates in eyes with exudative AMD compared to the eyes with nonexudative AMD. However, spontaneous release rates were found close to those with idiopathic VMT independently of the type of AMD, HLVMT, and IVI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate macular thickness (MT), ganglion cell complex (GCC), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness changes in preperimetric glaucoma patients. Materials and Methods: In the present study 105 eyes of 75 patients were investigated. Of these patients, 56 eyes of 45 patients who were diagnosed as preperimetric glaucoma are taken as a study group and 49 eyes of 30 cases without any ocular pathology are taken as the control group. The mean values of central MT, parafoveal MT, perifoveal MT, parafoveal GCC thickness, and perifoveal GCC thickness evaluations using optical coherence tomography (OCT) were compared between the two groups. Peripapillary RNFL measurements; the mean values of the total, superior hemi-central, inferior hemi-central, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants, and twelve sectors were compared between the two groups. Results: In the study group, perifoveal GCC thickness was significantly thinner in the superonasal, superotemporal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal quadrants compared to the control group. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly thinner in the study group in total, superior hemi-central, inferior hemi-central, superior, inferior, nasal, temporal, and hour 1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9 quadrants. No significant difference was detected between the two groups in other measurements (p>0.05). Conclusion: However both macular and peripapillary cellular losses have been initiated in cases with preperimetric glaucoma, this loss can not be detected by standard automated perimetry. As a result, perifoveal GCC and peripapillary RNFL measurements by OCT in patients with preperimetric glaucoma are very helpful for diagnosing suspicious cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after a follow-up time of 24 months. Materials and Methods: The treatment-naive exudative AMD patients who initially received 3 consecutive monthly injections, and then were treated on an as-needed treatment regimen depending on clinical examination and optical coherence tomography findings were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were evaluated in regards of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), injection numbers, and complications. Results: A hundred and one eyes of 94 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 73.6±8.2 years (ranging between 53 and 89 years). Forty-five patients (47.9%) were male, and 49 patients (52.1%) were female. The mean pretreatment BCVA, the mean BVCA at month 12, and 24 was 0.90±0.51 LogMAR, 0.73±0.46 LogMAR (p<0.001) and 0.75±0.49 LogMAR (p<0.001), respectively. The mean pretreatment CMT, and the mean CMT at month 12, and month 24 was 331±98 microns, 259±66 microns (p<0.0001) and 262±70 microns (p<0.0001). The mean number of injections at month 12, and 24 was 5.3±1.5, and 8.0±3.0 injections, respectively. Conclusion: The intravitreal ranibizumab with an as needed treatment regimen seems to be effective in the treatment of exudative AMD over 24 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]