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Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) measures in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD)., Methods: Twenty-one MOG, 21 NMOSD, and 22 controls were enrolled in our study. The retinal structure [retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL)] was imaged and assessed with the OCT; OCTA was used to image the macula microvasculature [superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP)]. Clinical information such as disease duration, visual acuity, and frequency of optic neuritis and disability was recorded for all patients., Results: Compared with NMOSD patients, MOGAD patients showed significantly reduced SVP density ( P = 0.023). No significant difference ( P > 0.05) was seen in the microvasculature and structure when NMOSD-ON was compared with MOG-ON. In NMOSD patients, EDSS, disease duration, reduced visual acuity, and frequency of ON significantly correlated ( P < 0.05) with SVP and ICP densities; in MOGAD patients, SVP correlated with EDSS, duration, reduced visual acuity, and frequency of ON ( P < 0.05), while DCP density correlated with disease duration, visual acuity, and frequency of ON., Conclusions: Distinct structural and microvascular changes were identified in MOGAD patients compared with NMOSD patients suggesting that the pathological mechanisms are different in NMOSD and MOGAD. Retinal imaging via the SS-OCT/OCTA might have the potential to be used as a clinical tool to evaluate the clinical features associated with NMOSD and MOGAD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Lang, Kwapong, Kong, Shi, Wang, Du, Wu and Zhou.)

Purpose: To evaluate the macula microvascular perfusion in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and assess the correlation with their clinical features., Methods: 35 aquaporin-4 seropositive NMOSD patients (38 NMOSD eyes without optic neuritis, NMOSD-NON, and 32 NMOSD eyes with optic neuritis) and 35 healthy controls (HC) were included in our study. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) was used to image and segment the macula microvasculature into the inner macula vascular complex (IVC), superficial vascular plexus (SVC), and deep vascular plexus (DVC). An inbuilt software within the OCTA tool was used to measure the microvascular perfusion in these two plexuses., Results: NMOSD eyes without optic neuritis showed sparser (P < 0.05) IVC and SVC compared with healthy controls; NMOSD eyes with optic neuritis showed significantly sparser (P < 0.001) IVC, SVC, and DVC when compared with healthy controls respectively. NMOSD eyes with optic neuritis showed significantly sparser IVC (P = 0.002), SVC (P = 0.001) and DVC (P = = 0.040) when compared with eyes without optic neuritis., Conclusions: Microvascular impairment in NMOSD patients occurs independently of ON. Microvascular impairment is associated with reduced visual acuity and frequency of ON., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)