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AIM: To compare two different anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment regimens’-a priori pro re nata (PRN) and PRN regimen following the loading phase-anatomical and functional results in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. METHODS: Totally 544 nAMD patients followed and treated with aflibercept (n=135) and ranibizumab (n=409) at 9 different centers between 2013 and 2015 were enrolled into this retrospective multicenter study. Patients with initial best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) interval of 1.3-0.3 (logMAR) and a minimum follow-up of 12mo were included. Patients under two different regimens-a priori pro re nata (1+PRN) or 3 consecutive intravitreal injections followed by a PRN regimen (3+PRN)-were compared in BCVA at 3th, 6th and 12th months, and in central macular thickness (CMT) at 6th and 12th months. The total study group, intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) groups were evaluated separately. RESULTS: The mean CMT decreased in the 1+PRN (n=101) regimen from 407 to 358 and 340 µm and in the 3+PRN (n=443) group from 398 to 318 and finally to 310 µm at months 6 and 12, respectively. Anatomically, the CMT reduction at 6th month (48.5 vs 76.4; P

INTRODUCTION[|]Corneal biomechanical changes were also suspected and investigated after some scleral procedures but not after strabismus surgery. In this study we aimed to evaluate corneal biomechanical changes following strabismus procedures.with ocular responce analyser. [¤]METHODS[|]Methods: This study a retrospective case series. Corneal biomechanical properties were assessed using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert Inc., Depew, New York, USA) before, and 6 months after the surgery in 67 eyes of 67 patients performing strabismus surgery. Preoperative and postoperative changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) outcomes were examined. [¤]RESULTS[|]Results: In the study group were divided Group1 and Group2 for the performed surgery. Preoperative and postoperative CRF were showed statistically significant differences in Group 1 and Group 2. In Group 1 at preoperative the mean CH was 11.7 +- 2.4 mmHg and 12.3 +- 2.5 mmHg at postoperative. The differences were not statistically significant in Group1. [¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]This is the first study aimed at evaluating the corneal biomechanical changes after strabismus surgery. and CRF were found to statistically significance at 6 month after strabismus surgery. [¤]

Purpose: To assess the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) using the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) as indicators of inflammation and to compare these parameter levels between iERM and control subjects. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 36 patients who underwent vitrectomy-ERM peeling and 39 patients who had cataract surgery. We obtained blood samples from all individuals who participated in the study to investigate these parameters. Results: Seventy-five subjects were included in this study: 36 in the iERM group and 39 in the control group. The mean neutrophil and MPV levels were significantly higher in iERM subjects than in control subjects. The mean lymphocyte level was lower in the iERM group. The mean NLR, PLR, and MPV levels were higher in iERM subjects than in control subjects. Conclusion: The higher NLR, PLR, and MPV levels found in patients with iERM may indicate that subclinical systemic inflammation may associate with iERM.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between macular hole closure types assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the preoperative prognostic factors. Materials and methods: In total, 183 patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling for idiopathic macular hole between August 2014 and August 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative measurements of the macular hole including minimum linear diameter (MLD), basal hole diameter (BHD) and hole height (HH) were measured on OCT images. The patients were divided into two closure types on the basis of postoperative OCT findings (type 1 closure: retinal edges were flat and there was no defect of the neurosensory retina on the fovea; type 2 closure: retinal edges were flat and there was a defect of the neurosensory retina on the fovea). The difference of prognostic factors such as age; duration of symptoms; preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); preoperative macular hole measurements, including MLD, BHD and HH; and rate of reopening between two types were statistically analysed. Results: The mean age of patients was 66.33 ± 8.09 years (range: 48–88 years). According to OCT imaging, 117 eyes (63.9%) were classified into the type 1 closure group, and 66 eyes (36.1%) were classified into the type 2 closure group. There were no significant differences between two groups in age, duration of symptoms and preoperative BCVA ( p = 0.694, p = 0.092 and p = 0.15). MLD and BHD were significantly larger, and reopening was significantly more common in type 2 group ( p

Objectives: To evaluate the real-world outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. Materials and Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, non-comparative study. The records of nAMD patients treated with an anti-VEGF agent on a pro re nata treatment regimen basis between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. The patients who completed a follow-up period of 12 months were included. Primary outcome measures of this study were the visit and injection numbers during the first year. Results: Eight hundred eighty eyes of 783 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study. Mean number of visits at month 12 was 6.9±2.5 (range: 1-15). Mean number of injections at month 12 was 4.1±1.9 (range: 1-11). Mean visual acuity at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12 was 0.90±0.63 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.79±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), 0.76±0.57 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), and 0.79±0.59 LogMAR (range: 0.0-3.0), respectively. Mean central retinal thickness at baseline and months 6 and 12 was 395±153 μm (range: 91-1582), 330±115 μm (range: 99-975), and 332±114 μm (range: 106-1191), respectively. Conclusion: The numbers of visits and injections were much lower than ideal and were insufficient with the pro re nata treatment regimen.

Abstract Background The prognostic value of the ocular trauma score (OTS) in patients who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (23-G PPV) for surgical removal of posterior segment metallic intaocular foreign bodies (IOFB) was evaluated. Methods Patients who underwent 23-G PPV for surgical removal of retained metallic IOFBs were retrospectively analyzed. OTS score for each patient was calculated and raw scores were converted to their corresponding OTS categories. The final VAs in study patients were compared with their respective OTS categories. Results Twenty-five eyes from 25 patients were examined. Twenty-four (96%) of the patients were male, and the mean age was 34 ± 12 years. The time from injury to 23-G PPV was 9 ± 4 days. Fourteen (56%) patients had zone 1 trauma, eight (32%) patients had zone 2 trauma, and three (12%) patients had zone 3 trauma. Postoperative visual acuity was ≥ 20/200 in 14 (56%) of the patients and ≥ 20/40 in seven (28%) eyes. At the final visit, anatomical success was achieved in 86% of patients with retinal detachment at presentation. No statistically significant differences were found between our final VAs and OTS scores. Conclusion OTS, which provides prognostic information after general ocular trauma, may also provide valuable prognostic information for patients who undergo 23-G PPV for the surgical removal of metallic posterior segment IOFBs.

Tractional forces in epiretinal membrane (ERM) may antagonize the effects of anti-VEGF treatments and cause pharmacological resistance in patients with neovascular age related macular degeneration. Here we present a case with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in conjunction with ERM who showed partial response to intravitreal aflibercept injections. He underwent pars plana vitrectomy with ERM peeling. After surgery, optical coherence tomography showed an improvement in macular morphology and complete resolution of subretinal fluid. His visual acuity remained stable after surgery. Vitrectomy may be beneficial to improve anti vascular epithelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) response in some of the patients with ERM who do not respond to anti-VEGF therapy for PCV.

Purpose. We report the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and surgical outcomes for 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (23-G PPV) in pediatric cases of traumatic retinal detachment (RD). Methods. Medical records of pediatric patients who underwent 23-G PPV to treat traumatic retinal detachment were retrospectively reviewed. These patients underwent a follow-up examination at least 1 year following surgery. Associations between various preoperative factors and anatomical and visual outcomes were analyzed. An Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) and a Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS) were calculated for each patient. Raw scores were converted to their corresponding OTS and POTS categories. Final visual acuities by categories were compared with those in the OTS and POTS studies. Results. The mean age of the patients was 9 ± 4 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.7 : 1. The mean follow-up time was 23 ± 14 months. Anatomical success was achieved in 72% of the eyes, and functional success (>5/200) was achieved in 37% of the eyes. Functional success was less common among patients with visual acuities less than hand motion, macula-off retinal detachment, proliferative vitreoretinopathy at presentation, and recurrent retinal detachment during follow-up. When we compared the categorical distribution of final visual acuities in all categories, our results were significantly different than those suggested by OTS and POTS. Conclusions. Visual outcomes are poorer compared to anatomical outcomes. OTS and POTS do not provide reliable prognostic information if the patient has RD. Presenting visual acuity, the presence of macula-off RD, and PVR are all important predictors of final visual acuity.

Pur po se: The purpose of this study was to compare the tear properties between the eyes with chronic blepharitis and normal eyes. Ma te ri al and Met hod: We prospectively examined 20 eyes of 20 consecutive patients who had symptoms and findings associated with chronic blepharitis and 16 eyes of 16 healthy persons as a control group. Patients with dry eye disease and allergic conjunctivitis or using any topical/systemic drug or wearing contact lens were not included in the study. Tear osmolarity measurement via Tearlab osmolarity system, tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer’s test without anesthesia were applied to all cases, and the measurements of the two groups were compared. Re sults: The mean age of all patients was 30.7±5.5 years (18 male, 18 female). The mean tear osmolarity value was 315.3±18.1 in the chronic blepharitis group, whereas it was 300.0±18.4 mOsm in the control group (P=0.02). The mean BUT was 7.2±4.5 seconds in the chronic blepharitis group and 13.2±3.6 seconds in the control group (P=0.001). The mean Schirmer’s value for the patients with chronic blepharitis was 20.5±7.4 mm and 19.9±8.1 mm in the control group (P=0.84). Dis cus si on: Tear osmolarity was higher and BUT was lower in chronic blepharitis patients, while Schirmer’s test was within normal limits. These findings imply that in chronic blepharitis, lipid and mucin layers get abnormal without any decrease in the tear production. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2012; 42: 346-8)

Purpose. To report a case report of one patient suffering from retinal artery occlusion secondary to Buerger’s disease, in order to raise awareness to this etiology in the differential diagnosis of retinal artery occlusion. Methods. A retrospective case report of a patient with retinal artery occlusion secondary to Buerger’s disease. Data retrieved from the medical records included exposure, complaints, visual acuity, clinical findings and imaging, laboratory assessment, treatment, disease course, and visual outcome. Results. Diagnosis of retinal artery occlusion secondary to Buerger’s disease was established based on ruling out other causes of retinal artery occlusion. Inflammatory retinal vascular disease, permanent vision loss, and macular atrophy were shown in this case. Conclusion. The very first case of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in a 64-year-old male patient with Buerger’s disease. Although diagnosing CRAO based on both fundoscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings is not difficult, revealing underlying condition of CRAO occasionally could be challenging.

Objectives: To evaluate ocular biometric parameters including anterior chamber depth (ACD), corneal curvature (CC), central corneal thickness (CCT), horizontal corneal diameter, and corneal biomechanical properties using ocular response analyzer (ORA) in eyes with hypermetropic anisometropia and to compare the results with those obtained for the healthy eyes of the patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four eyes of 32 patients followed with the diagnosis of hypermetropic anisometropia-related ambliyopia were included in the study. Group 1 (n=32) consisted of eyes with hypermetropic anisometropia, and group 2 (n=32) consisted of healthy eyes of the same patients. Cycloplegic refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography, axial length (AL) measurement, biomicroscopy, and fundus examinations were performed. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure (IOPg) measurements were recorded. Results: Mean age of the patients was 9.5±2.4; 13 were male and 19 were female. Mean spherical equivalent was +5.42±1.8 D and +1.9±1.28 D in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p

INTRODUCTION[|]Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is the second most common type of retinal vascular disorder. Both inflammation and increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels play important roles in the pathogenesis of macular edema (ME) secondary to BRVO. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of 0.7-mg intravitreal dexamethasone implants with continued anti-VEGF treatment in patients with ME secondary to BRVO who were poor responders to at least 6 previous anti-VEGF injections.[¤]METHODS[|]Patients exhibiting an insufficient response to at least 6 ranibizumab treatments and who subsequently underwent a dexamethasone implant were included Group 1. Patients who were at risk for cataract or glaucoma continued treatment with the same drug and were defined as Group 2. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) changes at month 2, 4, and 6 were measured.[¤]RESULTS[|] Ninety eyes were evaluated. In Group 1, the mean baseline BCVA of 0.71+-0.75 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) improved to 0.53+-0.62 logMAR at month 2 (p

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of this study was to evaluate the 2-year outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) therapy in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).[¤]METHODS[|]Patients with PCV who presented at the clinic between January 2013 and January 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Twenty-three eyes of 23 patients were included in this study. Indocyanine green angiography was performed to confirm the diagnosis of PCV in all patients. IVR was administered within a week following PDT, then followed by additional IVR as needed. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, biomicroscopic examination, and central macular thickness (CMT) measurement via optical coherence tomography at baseline and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months were performed. The mean change in BCVA and CMT at follow-up was compared with the baseline.[¤]RESULTS[|]A total of 23 eyes of 23 patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 65.8+-7.4 years (range: 55-82 years). The mean BCVA (logMAR, or logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was 0.68+-0.45 at baseline, 0.67+-0.45 at 3 months (p=0.24), 0.66+-0.45 at 6 months (p=0.43), 0.69+-0.43 at 12 months (p=0.95), 0.69+-0.42 at 18 months (p=0.54), and 0.70+-0.42 at 24 months (p=0.56). The mean CMT was 334.5+-99.4 μm at baseline, 313.4+-96.1 μm at 3 months (p=0.27), 319.1+-106.5 μm at 6 months (p=0.44), 303.52+-128.33 μm (p=0.17) at 12 months, 246.6+-80.8μm at 18 months (p=0.0001), and 226.9+-71.7 μm at 24 months (p=0.0001).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Verteporfin PDT administered in combination with IVR was an effective treatment for preserving VA in PCV for a 2-year period. Our results need to be confirmed in further studies in a real-life setting.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of this study was to present the anatomical and functional results of scleral buckling (SB) surgery performed in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).[¤]METHODS[|]Retrospectively, 101 eyes of 101 patients who underwent SB surgery were included in the study. Anatomical success or failure was assessed by slit-lamp microscopy fundus examination. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements were performed on all patients at baseline and at control visits. Preliminary and posterior segment examinations were performed with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and intraocular pressure measurements were performed with Goldman applanation tonometry. The general characteristics of the patients and etiological factors were also examined.[¤]RESULTS[|]The mean age of the patients was 33+-16 years. The most common risk factors were idiopathic causes and myopia, each found in 34.7% of eyes, and trauma in 18.8%. The mean length of disease history was 20.2+-20 days. There was no correlation between length of disease history and anatomical and functional success. In all, 94% of the eyes were phakic, 5% were pseudophakic and 1% was aphakic. Macular involvement was present in 37 (36.6%) of eyes. While there was a positive correlation between macular involvement and functional success, there was no significant difference in terms of anatomical success. At the final control, anatomical success was achieved in 67 eyes (66.7%) and functional success in 66 eyes (65%). Pars plana vitrectomy surgery was performed as a second operation in 33.3% of the patients. Before the SB operation, the mean BCVA was 1.2+-0.9 logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution); afterwards, it increased to 0.6+-0.5 logMAR (p

INTRODUCTION[|] This is a report of 12-month real-life outcomes of ranibizumab treatment in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients who had a baseline visual acuity (VA) ≥0.6 in decimals.[¤]METHODS[|]Newly diagnosed treatment-naïve DME patients with a VA ≥0.6 who completed a follow-up of 12 months after treatment with ranibizumab were included retrospectively. The patients were evaluated in terms of change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT), and the total number of visits and injections.[¤]RESULTS[|]A total of 27 eyes of 24 patients were included. Mean BCVA at baseline, month 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 0.77+-0.11 in decimals, 0.72+-0.23, 0.72+-0.18, 0.70+-0.21, and 0.71+-0.19, respectively. Mean CRT at baseline, month 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 420+-79, 394+-97, 341+-54, 360+-102, and 350+-106 microns, respectively. The mean number of visits and injections was 4.8+-1.0 and 3.5+-1.5, respectively.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Ranibizumab seems to be effective in maintaining VA and improving anatomy in DME patients with a good baseline VA. However, adherence to the needed treatment regimen seems to be insufficient in real life and probably limits the visual success in this group of patients.[¤]

Abstract Background To compare the multimodal imaging findings of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients who are good or poor responders to low-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Retrospective, interventional comparative study. The CSC patients who were admitted to our clinic for the first time between January 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Patients were treated with PDT only if they did not show any sign of resolution after at least 6 months from the initial signs of the disease. The patients who showed full or partial response to PDT after 3 months of treatment were accepted as good responders, those who did not show any sign of resolution were accepted as poor responders. The optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) findings were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 101 eyes of 101 patients were included: 76 eyes (75.2%) were considered as good responders and 25 eyes (24.8%) as poor responders. In regards to OCT and FA findings there was not a significant difference between the two groups for all of the evaluated findings (p > 0.05 for all). In regards to ICGA findings, there was a statistically difference in the percentage of intense midphase hypercyanescence (p

INTRODUCTION[|]The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes of intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and to assess mean number of visits and injections during 12 months of treatment.[¤]METHODS[|]Records of newly diagnosed RVO patients who were treatment-naïve and had follow-up of at least 12 months were included in this retrospective case series. All patients received initial, single dose of IDI, which was repeated in monthly or bimonthly follow-up when visual acuity decreased by 1 or more lines compared with most recent visit, or an increase in central retinal thickness (CRT) >150 μm was observed in optical coherence tomography images. Primary outcome measures of this study were change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and CRT. Secondary outcome measures were number of visits and number of injections.[¤]RESULTS[|]Forty-five eyes of 45 patients were included. Mean BCVA at baseline and month 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 0.15+-0.15 decimals, 0.23+-0.24 decimals, 0.20+-0.20 decimals, 0.18+-0.17 decimals, and 0.19+-0.20 decimals, respectively. Mean CRT at baseline, and months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 599+-111 μm, 388+-137 μm, 421+-142 μm, 409+-130 μm, and 420+-169 μm, respectively. Mean number of planned visits at month 12 was 4.8+-1.0, and number of completed visits was 4.2+-1.0 (89.0% completion). Mean number of planned injections at month 12 was 1.78+-0.7, and number of injections performed was 1.76+-0.7 (98.8% completion).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]IDI did not appear to be effective agent in real-life conditions of treatment of ME secondary to RVO with respect to visual outcomes. Fact that the study consisted of heterogeneous group of patients, as well as small number of cataract operations and injections were likely main reasons for poor visual outcomes. However, IDI did demonstrate significant effect on anatomical outcomes. Number of both visits and injections was lower than observed in prospective multicenter studies, as expected.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The present study is comparison of efficacy of ranibizumab and aflibercept in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in real life.[¤]METHODS[|]Design was retrospective, case-control study. Treatment naïve RVO patients with ME who were treated with ranibizumab or aflibercept and had minimum follow-up time of 6 months were included. Primary outcome measures were changes in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Secondary outcome measure was number of injections administered.[¤]RESULTS[|]Mean baseline, month 3, and month 6 BCVA in ranibizumab group was 0.95+-0.61-, 0.50+-0.30-, and 0.66+-0.58 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR), respectively. Mean baseline, month 3, and month 6 BCVA in aflibercept group was 0.85+-0.65-, 0.61+-0.58-, and 0.65+-0.55 LogMAR, respectively. Mean baseline, month 3, and month 6 CRT in ranibizumab group was 598+-189-, 473+-162-, and 359+-134 μm, respectively. Mean baseline, month 3, and month 6 CRT in aflibercept group was 512+-141-, 345+-154-, and 374+-172 μm, respectively. Mean number of injections was 2.7+-0.8 for ranibizumab group, and 2.2+-1.0 for aflibercept group (p=0.08).[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]Ranibizumab and aflibercept are both effective agents in the treatment of ME secondary to RVO. Visit and injection figures were lower than those reported in prospective, multicenter studies, as expected, but functional and anatomical outcomes were comparable.[¤]

INTRODUCTION[|]The present study is an evaluation of outcomes of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) performed to ex- tract dislocated lens fragments without phacofragmentation after complicated cataract surgery.[¤]METHODS[|]In a consecutive case series, 50 eyes that underwent 23-gauge PPV without use of phacofragmatome were retrospectively reviewed.[¤]RESULTS[|]Visual acuity (VA) improved from preoperative 20/250 to 20/57 final VA (p

INTRODUCTION[|]The present study evaluated treatment outcomes of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) use in patients with macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO), and mean number of visits and injections of first year of treatment.[¤]METHODS[|]The study was a retrospective case series. Newly diagnosed RVO patients who had macular edema for

INTRODUCTION[|]The present study is an evaluation of outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with intravitreal injections of bevacizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) that was nonresponding to ranibizumab injections.[¤]METHODS[|]This retrospective study included 37 eyes of 37 patients with PCV. Principal outcome measurements used were mean change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT), and regression rate of polypoidal lesions.[¤]RESULTS[|]Mean follow-up time was 11.8+-7.2 months. Mean BCVA decreased significantly from 0.69+-0.42 logMAR at base- line to 0.78+-0.42 logMAR at final visit (p=0.01). BCVA improved in 9 (24.3%) eyes, decreased in 11 (29.7%), and remained stable in 17 (45.9%) eyes. Mean CMT decreased from 352.2 μm (range: 139-573 μm) at baseline to 318+-117.1 μm (range: 136–585 μm) at final visit (p=0.26). Seventeen (45.9%) eyes achieved dry macula, defined as absence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography at 6 months. In addition, 25 eyes (67.5%) showed complete regression of polypoidal lesions.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]PDT combined with bevacizumab may be beneficial in resolution of exudation in eyes refractory to ranibi- zumab injections. VA improvement may be obtained in limited number of eyes.[¤]

Macular holes can develop as result of intraocular inflammatory disease, trauma, or vitreous detachment, among other reasons. Presently described is case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) repair after successful surgery for traumatic submacular hemorrhage. FTMH may have developed due to injection of small air bubble into the subretinal space during surgery to remove subretinal hemorrhage. FTMH was successfully treated with pars plana vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal using gas tamponade, as in cases of traumatic/idiopathic macular hole.

Purpose. To compare the visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) who switched from ranibizumab to aflibercept with those who continued with previous ranibizumab therapy. Methods. In this retrospective comparative study, medical records of consecutive patients with center-involved DME ≥ 350 μm who had at least three recent consecutive monthly ranibizumab injections followed by as-needed therapy with either aflibercept or ranibizumab were reviewed. Data were collected at presentation (preinjection), at the intermediary visit, and at the last visit (at the end of the follow-up period). Results. Forty-three eyes of 43 patients were divided into two groups: the switch group (n=20) and the ranibizumab group (n=23). Though no significant improvement was found in the mean BCVA from the intermediary visit to the last visit, there was a difference in the mean CMT in the switch group and the ranibizumab group (p

INTRODUCTION[|]This study was a comparison of the results achieved in patients with age-related macular degeneration and retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) diagnosis receiving intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) monotherapy and receiving photodynamic treatment (PDT) combined with anti-VEGF treatment.[¤]METHODS[|]A retrospective chart review of patients with RAP who were treated in the retina clinic of Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital was conducted. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who received anti-VEGF monotherapy formed Group I, and Group II comprised those who underwent combined therapy with PDT. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness values at baseline and at months 6 and 12, and the number of anti-VEGF injections and PDT sessions were recorded.[¤]RESULTS[|]Fifteen eyes of 14 patients were included. Six of the patients were female and 8 were male; the mean age was 73.2+-9.7 years. The mean baseline BCVA was 0.70+-0.52 log of the minimum angle of resolution. Visual acuity increased in 1 of 15 eyes (6.6%), remained stable in 10 eyes (66.6%), and decreased in 4 eyes (26.6%). A total of 7 eyes received anti-VEGF monotherapy, and 8 eyes received combined PDT and anti-VEGF treatment. The mean number of injections was 10.7+-7.8. Five eyes received 1 PDT session and 3 eyes received 2 sessions.[¤]DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION[|]In this study, visual acuity was preserved in the majority of patients receiving anti-VEGF monotherapy and combined PDT and anti-VEGF treatment for RAP lesions.[¤]

Purpose. To evaluate and compare corneal backscatter from anterior stroma between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (femto-LASIK). Methods. A cohort of 60 eyes of 30 patients was randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and femto-LASIK in the fellow eye. In vivo confocal microscopy was performed at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. The main outcome measurements were maximum backscattered intensity and the depth from which it was measured, the backscattered light intensity 30 μm below Bowman’s membrane at the flap interface and 150 μm below the superficial epithelium, and the number of refractive particles at the flap interface. Results. The mean backscattered light intensity (LI) at all measured depths and the maximum backscattered LI were higher in the SMILE group than the femto-LASIK group at all postoperative visits. LI differences at 1 week and 1- and 3-month visits were statistically significant (P

Purpose. To analyse the diurnal variation of central choroidal thickness (CCT) in healthy emetropic patients during working hours. Methods. Fifty healthy young emmetrpic volunteers were included in this study. CCT was measured at 9 AM and 4 PM with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering) with enhanced depth imaging. Diurnal variation of CCT, the correlation between rigth and left eyes and the demographic factors affecting this variation were assessed. Findings. The mean CCT at 9 AM and 4 PM was 308.7 ± 64.5 μm and 308.7 ± 62 μm, respectively, with a mean diurnal amplitude of −0.03 ± 14.7 μm, ranging between −55 μm and 47 μm, the difference was statistically insignificant (P: 0.9). There were positive correlations between right and left eyes among CCT measurements at 9 AM, 4 PM and the mean amplitude of diurnal change (r: 0.65, P

Purpose. To evaluate the ability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to detect subtle amounts of retinal fluid when the choroidal neovascularization is detected as inactive via time-domain optical coherence tomography and clinical examination in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. Methods. Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients with nAMD after ranibizumab treatment were included in this cross-sectional, prospective study. All patients were imaged with TD-OCT and SD-OCT at the same visit one month after a ranibizumab injection. The presence of subretinal, intraretinal, and subretinal pigment epithelium fluid (subRPE) in SD-OCT was evaluated; also mean central retinal thickness (CRT) and the rate of vitreoretinal surface disorders detected via the two devices were evaluated. Results. The mean CRT via TD-OCT and SD-OCT was 218.1±51.3 and 325.7±78.8 microns. Sixteen patients (32.6%) showed any kind of retinal fluid via SD-OCT. In detail, 8 patients (16.3%) showed subretinal fluid, 10 patients (20.4%) showed intraretinal fluid, and 3 patients (6.1%) showed SubRPE fluid. The ability of detecting vitreoretinal surface disorders was comparable between the two devices, except vitreomacular traction. Conclusion. SD-OCT is essential for the nAMD patients who are on an as-needed treatment regimen with ranibizumab. Only TD-OCT and clinical examination may cause insufficient treatment in this group of patients.