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Relevance. Despite many techniques for reducing intraocular pressure, surgical treatment of glaucoma has limited effectiveness. First, due to excessive scarring of new intraocular fluid outflow pathways and second, antifibrotics medicaments are unable to effectively control wound healing. The use of drainages reduces the risk of excessive scarring in the area of the filtration pad and forms several ways of outflow of intraocular fluid. The review presents the following sections: development history, advantages, disadvantages, surgical technique and promising directions of glaucoma drainage surgery.Purpose. Summarizing data on the possibility of drainage surgery, historical aspects, causes of scarring and methods of dealing with them. Provide data on various modern drainage devices that are used not only in Russia and their effectiveness.Material and methods. To perform the review, we searched for literature sources on the abstract databases E-library, PubMed and Scopus for the period up to and including 2018, using the keywords «glaucoma drainage surgery» (in the E-library database), «anti-glaucoma drainage» and «anti-glaucoma drainage device» (in the PubMed and Scopus databases). Abstracts of conferences were excluded from the review. A total of 40 articles related to the review topic were identified. The beginning of publications on this issue in domestic sources dates back to 1970, and in foreign sources to 1987.Results. The review presents the history of development, advantages, disadvantages of surgical techniques and promising areas of glaucoma drainage surgery. Various models of drainage devices, as well as their specific and non-specific complications are described. The effectivenes of various valves were 70%, with an average decrease in the level of IOP by at least 50% from the preoperative values. At the same time, the risk of an increase in the level of IOP above the target values is about 10% per year, which leads to the fact that after 5 years only in 50% of cases drainage devices function effectively. Therefore, studies of biomaterials, forms and techniques of drainage implantation surgery, new controlled-release antifibrotic drugs can positively affect the long-term effectiveness of glaucoma surgery.Conclusion. The data presented in the literature review allow us to identify the most effective models of drainage devices, their effectiveness, implantation techniques and possible complications.

Purpose. To compare hypotensive efficiency and safety of fixed combinations of drugs treating primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. We conducted a randomized prospective clinical trial which involved 80 patients (158 eyes) divided into 4 groups) and lasted six months. The patients received timolol 0.5 % + travoprost 0.004 % (group1), timolol 0.5 % + brimonidine 0.2 % (group 2), timolol 0.5 %+brinzolamide 1 % (group 3) and timolol 0.5 % + pilocarpin 2 % (group 4). Results. All fixed drug combinations compared were found to produce a hypotensive effect in the treatment of POAG patients. Over 6 months, IOP dropped by 20.6 % to 33.1 % against the initial level. The best and the longest-lasting effect was achieved when the first combination, timolol+travoprost (jointly called duotrav), was used. Conclusion. The Duotrav combination should be prescribed for long-term treatment of POAG and ocular hypertension. Timolol + brimonidine and timolol + brinzolamide are the most effective in short-term therapy of POAG and ocular hypertension, as well as in the pre-operative period prior to surgeries of glaucoma with high IOP. After normal IOP values have been obtained, the patient should be prescribed Duotrav, which is a more stable combination. Travoprost 0.004 %/timolol with 0.5 % is more effective, stabile and safe combination and recommend for long-term therapy of. Even though the combination of timolol and pilocarpin is not generally recommended for POAG therapy, it can be used for short-term inexpensive POAG and ocular hypertension treatment // Russian Ophthalmological Journal, 2016; 4: 5-10. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2016-9-4-5-10.

Purpose: to set out morphofunctional differences in the ophthalmic status between suspected glaucoma (SG) and the initial stage of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), determine the values of interocular asymmetry of the analyzed parameters of fellow eyes and create a model able to distinguish, with high accuracy, between healthy subjects, SG patients and POAG patients relying on a few independent parameters. Material and methods. A multicenter study performed between July and November, 2016, by 34 research and clinical facilities of four countries (Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, and Moldova) involved 501 patients (824 eyes), of which 362 (72 %) were female and 139 (28 %) male. The main analyzed group consisted of 128 eyes with SG, 228 eyes with early stage POAG and 145 eyes of healthy subjects (the control group with comparable sex and age distribution and no history of glaucoma). The fellow-eye symmetry analysis group involved 190 eyes with SG, 336 eyes with early stage POAG and 220 eyes of 110 subjects with no glaucoma. Results. Differences were found in the structural and functional ophthalmologic parameters in early-stage POAG, SG, and the absence of glaucoma. The precision of SG and early POAG may be increased by cumulative consideration of several clinical parameters. Conclusions. The sensitivity and specificity of the integral index of condition prognostication increases when several parameters are analyzed simultaneously, as compared to the separate analysis of constituents. For citations: Avdeev R.V., Alexandrov A.S., Arapiev M.U., et al. Suspected glaucoma and early stage glaucoma: differential diagnostic criteria. Russian ophthalmological journal. 2017; 10 (4): 5-15. doi: 10.21516/2072-0076-2017-10-4-5-15 (In Russian).