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The article enumerates and specifies various visual disorders including asteroid hyalosis, Benson's disease and vitreous cyst. It is the main concern of physicians to help people with visual disorders understand their diseases and eventually help them gain their vision back. Asteroid hyalosis is an acquired degeneration of the vitreous gel characterized by the development of small aggregates of calcium salts. It is advised that people with visual disorder should consult their optometrists.

The article provides information about retinoschisis, which is a splitting within the sensory retina, and may occur in age-related degenerative and X-linked recessive forms. Degenerative retinoschisis is an acquired condition involving a splitting of the sensory retina, usually within the plexiform layers. Regenerative retinoschisis is most commonly observed in the inferior temporal quadrant of the fundus.

The article focuses on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A retinal detachment occurs when the sensory retina lifts and separates from the pigment layer. RRD refers to a detachment arising from a full thickness retinal break, which allows vitreous fluid beneath the retina. Acute RRD in which the macula is not yet involved is an ocular emergency that requires immediate assessment and possible surgery. If the RRD is chronic then it should be treated within days.

The article offers information on pattern dystrophies of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Some examples of RPE include butterfly dystrophy, Sjögren's reticular dystrophy, fundus pulverulentus and adult vitelliform dystrophy or degeneration. These conditions tend to share the same features, such as an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, a minimal effect on visual function, certainly in the early stages, and a good prognosis for vision.

The article offers information on Optic neuritis (ON), which produces acute, and usually self-limiting, visual impairment most often in association with demyelination disease affecting the optic nerve. Demyelination disease affecting the central nervous system, also known as multiple sclerosis (MS), is the most common association with retrobulbar optic neuritis in adults. In retrobulbar neuritis the optic disc appears normal during the acute episode.

The article offers clinical information on myopic degeneration. Myopic degeneration is a condition characterized with axial elongation of the globe and thinning of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid. Most patients with myopia experience physiological degeneration. Diagnosis of myopic degeneration includes laser and incisional surgery and refractive correction.

The article offers information on macular hole. It is a localised, full-thickness retinal defect involving the macula. Symptoms are blurred vision, metamorphopsia and occasionally central scotoma. Optical coherence tomography indicates the size and thickness of the hole, areas of vitreous traction and cystoid macular oedema.

The article offers information on crystalline maculopathy. It is a result of the physical accumulation of refractile crystalline deposits in the superficial retina. One possible cause of crystalline maculopathy is drug toxicity. It is also associated with systemic metabolic disorders and inherited ocular diseases.