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To study the effect of inflammatory markers in blood such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the Gleason score (GS) changes in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) after radical prostatectomy (RP), we conducted this study.From November 2012 to September 2021, a total of 237 patients underwent RP at our institution. Blood samples from all patients were collected within 1 week before surgery. Preoperative clinical characteristics include age, serum IL-6 and TNF-α, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) score, prostate-specific antigen, and biopsy GS were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes were used to determine the risk factors of GS changes after RP. The efficiency of this prediction model was identified with the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve.Seventy-three patients (30.8%) had GS upgraded in the overall cohort, and 55 patients (23.2%) had GS downgraded. In comparing PCa patients with and without GS upgraded, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum TNF-α (odds ratio [OR]: 2.518, p = 0.019) and IL-6 (OR: 0.478, p = 0.023) were independent factors predicting the occurrence of GS upgrade. We also compared the characteristics of patients with GS upgraded and GS downgraded; multivariate logistic regression analysis also demonstrated significant differences in serum IL-6 and TNF-α between these two groups (all p 0.05). In addition, we found that low prostate volume and biopsy GS ≥ 7 were significantly associated with higher PI-RADS sores in multivariate analysis.The high expression of serum TNF-α level is positively correlated with GS upgraded in PCa patients. High expression of serum IL-6 level is negatively correlated with GS upgraded in PCa patients and positively related with GS downgraded.

Background To investigate the effect of serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) on the risk of prostate cancer. Methods A total of 404 patients undergoing prostate biopsy from April 2016 to July 2019 were enrolled. One hundred and ninety‐four patients with prostatic cancer (PCa) were diagnosed by pathology. Two hundred and ten patients were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of AST/ALT ratio and other factors on the incidence of PCa. Result AST/ALT ratio was significantly higher in PCa than in BPH patients (OR 2.313, 95%CI 1.337‐4.003, P = .002). ROC curve indicated that the best cutoff was 1.155 in predicting the incidence risk of PCa. The age of PCa patients is higher than BPH patients (OR 1.054, 95%CI 1.027‐1.082, P, To investigate the effect of serum aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) on the risk of prostate cancer. AST/ALT ratio was an independent risk factor in predicting the incidence of PCa.

Background Currently, clinical studies on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PC) taking aspirin were developing, but the precise mechanism of aspirin on tumor cells was still unclear. In addition, the conclusion that aspirin can improve the prognosis of PC patients continues to be controversial. Therefore, we collected comprehensive literatures and performed our study to explore the prognostic effect of aspirin on PC. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in April 2019 based on PUBMED. EMBASE. Hazard Ratio (HR) as well as its 95% confidence interval (CIs) for prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM) was extracted from eligible studies. Result A total of 10 eligible articles were used in our study. The pooled results showed that PC patients who used aspirin or taking aspirin did not have lower PCSM than those who had not used (HR =0.89, 95% CI: 0.73–1.08, P>0.05). In subgroup analysis, we found that taking aspirin before diagnosis of prostate cancer and taking aspirin after diagnosis of prostate cancer did not have significant association with PCSM. (pre-diagnostic use, HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.72–1.06; post-diagnosis use, HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.67–1.17). In addition, we found no significant association between aspirin use or its duration and the risk of PCSM. Another important result demonstrated that aspirin use was not associated with risk of PSCM in either high risk (T ≥ 3 and/or Gleason score ≥ 8) or low risk PC patients(low-risk PC, HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.81–1.35; high-risk PC, HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.75–1.24). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that there was no significant association between aspirin use and the risk of PCSM. At the same time, the dosage and duration of aspirin use had no statistical influence on the risk of PCSM in high/low risk PC. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.

Background: The aim of this article was to review the association between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and the risk of stroke in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Thus, we performed this study to understand the impact of ADT on the incidence of stroke in PC patients. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in June 2019 based on PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of science databases. Pooled rate ratio (RR), hazard ratio (HR), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated with a DerSimonian and Laird random effects. Result: A total of 239,099 patients from 10 studies were included in this analysis. There was no significant association in pooled RR analysis. Pooled HR analysis showed that ADT treatment increased the risk of stroke (HR = 1.129, 95% CI: 1.019–1.251, p = 0.02). In a subgroup analysis of RR results, we found that different ADT treatments had no significant effect on increasing the risk of stroke. And in the subgroup analysis of HR results, only PC patients treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, orchiectomy, or oral antiandrogen had significantly higher risk of stroke. In addition, we observed the result from another comparison that PC patients treated with GnRH agonists combined with oral antiandrogens might have a lower risk of stroke compared with using GnRH agonists alone. Conclusion: Our results showed that GnRH agonists, orchiectomy, or oral antiandrogen might play an important role in the incidence of stroke. We still need further studies to clarify the role of ADT in the increased risk of stroke.

With the maturity of cryotherapy for prostate cancer, the complications after operation are also decreasing, which can improve the prognosis of patients. However, erectile dysfunction (ED) is still one of the main complications after cryotherapy. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the incidence of erectile dysfunction in patients after cryotherapy. A comprehensive literature search was performed in August 2018. PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched to collect studies reporting the incidence rate of ED after cryotherapy from 2002 to 2018. Two reviewers independently screened the literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Pooled ratio and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were performed by Stata 12.1. Of the 157 articles identified on August 1st 2018, 23 studies which reported ED after cold ablative therapy were identified, however, only 12 used validated outcome measures and met inclusion criteria. A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the results of this meta-analysis showed that the pooled incidence rate of ED was 0.27 (95% CI 0.26–0.28) which means that the incidence rate of ED after cryotherapy for prostate cancer was not high, but we still found that there are great heterogeneity between the 12 articles. By subgroup analysis, we found a statistically significant incidence rate of ED in primarily localized PCa which was 0.49 (95% CI 0.30–0.68), which is clearly lower than the incidence of recurrent prostate cancer after failed primary radiotherapy 0.61 (95% CI 0.43–0.79). ED is one of the major complications after cryotherapy for PCa. Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed a higher incidence rate in PCa undergoing radiotherapy. Significantly, with the development of cryotherapy technology, the incidence of ED after cryotherapy for prostate cancer is decreasing. While we still need further researches to advance knowledge in this field.

Background The relationship between male pattern baldness and incidence of testicular cancer remains inconclusive. Hence, we performed the present meta-analysis based on all eligible case–control studies. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in July 30th 2018 based on PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of science database. Pooled odds ratio(OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) was calculated with a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects. Results The pooled results were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, We have demonstrated statistically signification between baldness(any pattern) and testicular cancer was identified (OR: 0.61, 95% CI:0.50–0.74). There was no obvious heterogeneity across included studies (P = 0.22 for heterogeneity, I2 = 30%). When subgroup analysis by types of baldness, We found a statistically significant association was observed that baldness(I-VII) might become a protective factor for the risk of testicular germ cell tumor(TGCT). There was no definite connection between alopecia and the different types of TGCT. Conclusion Individuals with any pattern baldness may have a decreased risk of testicular cancer, all of analyses studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary findings. According to subgroup analysis of different hair loss grades, we found that 2 stage(II) hair loss can decrease more strongly testicular cancer risk than any other grades. Despite of our findings, We still need further researches to advance knowledge in this field.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of preoperative prognostic nutritional index(PNI) and systemic immune‐inflammation index(SII) for local tumor stage in bladder cancer(BC) after radical cystectomy(RC).METHODS: We researched our database between April 2011 and October 2019. There were 195 BC patients who underwent RC. The PNI and SII were calculated using preoperative blood sample results. The predictive value of SII and PNI was analysed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to determine the optimum PNI. Signifcant P was P

Purpose: To determine the potential role of several biochemical and clinical markers in predicting adverse pathology (AP) and ISUP GG upgrading at radical prostatectomy (RP) with low-grade (ISUP Gleason Group (ISUP GG) 1 and 2) prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy following criteria: clinical stage T2a or less,and were identified low-grade PCa (ISUP GG 1−2, prostate-specifific antigen (PSA)

Recent studies have found that metastatic castrated-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with positive androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) may have poor prognosis during endocrine or chemotherapy treatment, but the specific mechanism was still unclear. We had finished literature search in March 2019 from PubMed, Web of Science database, and Embase. The final results were presented in this research. The pooled results showed that AR-V7 status predicted pooled PSA-PFS (HR = 4.31, 95% CI: 2.57-7.24, p < .001), rPFS (HR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.28-4.48, p = .006) and OS (HR = 4.27, 95% CI: 3.22-5.66, p < .001) in mCRPC patients after endocrine or chemotherapy treatment. Subgroup analysis of different treatments revealed that mCRPC patients treated with chemotherapy had significant association between positive AR-V7 and OS (HR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.72-4.62, p < .001), and also during endocrine therapy (HR = 4.78, 95% CI: 3.33-6.86, p < .001). Our study demonstrated that AR-V7-positive mCRPC patients may have worse prognosis. AR-V7 may be an independent prognostic factor for endocrine therapy or chemotherapy in patients with mCRPC.

Until now, there is no clear conclusion on the relationship between the surgical margin status after radical prostatectomy (RP) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis based on all eligible case–control studies. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed based on PUBMED and EMBASE to identify all of the potentially relevant publications which were published before September 2019. Hazard ratio (HR) for PCSM was independently extracted by two reviewers from all eligible studies. Pooled HR estimates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were computed by Stata12.0. Total 15 eligible studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that patients with positive surgical margin (PSM) after RP may have higher PCSM than those who had a negative surgical margin (HR 1.44, P = 0.043). In the subgroup analysis, we found that no matter whether the pathological stage of the patients is T2 or T3, PSM is indicative of a high PCSM and that the PCSM of T3 is higher than T2 (Pathological stage T3, HR 1.77, P = 0.032; Pathological stage T2, HR 1.56, P = 0.003). In addition, by performing the subgroup analysis of Gleason score, we concluded that both Gleason score 8–10 and Gleason score ≤ 7 would increase the risk of PCSM, and the former was more significant than the latter (Gleason score 8–10, HR 1.88, P

The specific association between PTEN deletion or ERG rearrangement and the recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) or brachytherapy is still unelaborated. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive meta‑analysis to understand the impact of these factors on cancer recurrence.A comprehensive literature search was performed in November 2018 based on PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of science database. Hazard ratio (HR) for biochemical recurrence free (BRF) which was defined as a PSA greater than or equal to 0.4 ng/mL after RP or another therapy for any detectable PSA and recurrence-free survival (RFS) which defined the time from the beginning of treatment to the earliest occurrence of local recurrence, distant metastasis or death. Which were extracted from eligible studies. IA total of 6744 patients from 17 studies were included in this analysis Overall, The pooled results showed that PTEN loss predict pooled BRF (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.49-2.16, P0.001) and RFS (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.50-1.95, P0.001) in patients after radical prostatectomy or brachytherapy for prostate cancer. Subgroup analysis revealed that PTEN deletion significantly predicted poor BRF or RFS in heterozygous studies group (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.31-2.21, P0.001). The PTEN deletion also significantly predicted poor BRF or PFS in homozygous studies (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.89-3.17, P0.001). And we had found that there was no significant association between ERG rearrangement and cancer recurrence regardless of PTEN loss or not. In addition, we concluded that Gleason score6 significantly predicted the poor BRF or RFS in studies, especially in Gleason score = 4 + 3 (HR 3.16, 95% CI 2.08-4.80, P0.01).This study presented that PTEN deletion significantly reduce time of BRF or RFS, especially based on homozygous deletion. And we also found ERG rearrangement in tumor cell could not significantly predict BRF or RFS.