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ObjectiveFinancial toxicity is a financial burden of cancer care itself, which leads to worse quality of life and higher mortality and is considered an adverse effect. The COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST) tool is a patient-reported outcome measurement used to evaluate financial toxicity. We aimed to validate the internal consistency and reproducibility of the COST tool in patients with gynecologic cancer.MethodsIn this multicenter study covering the period April 2019 to July 2021, using the COST tool in Japan, patients diagnosed with ovarian, cervical, or endometrial cancer receiving systemic anti-cancer drug therapy for more than 2 months were eligible. Patients with no out-of-pocket costs for direct medical costs were excluded. The patients answered the initial test and a retest, which was completed from 2 to 14 days after the initial test. Internal consistency and reproducibility were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Cronbach’s alpha ≥0.8 indicates good internal consistency, and ICC ≥0.8 is highly reliable.ResultsA total of 112 patients (ovarian: 50, cervical: 26, endometrial: 36) responded to the initial test, and 89 patients answered the retest from 2 to 14 days after the initial test. The median patient age was 58 (range, 28–78) years. The median COST score was 19. Cronbach’s alpha showed good internal consistency at 0.83 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.87). The ICC at 0.850 (95% CI 0.777 to 0.900) showed high reliability.ConclusionsThe COST tool has good internal consistency and reliable reproducibility in patients with gynecologic cancer in Japan. The COST tool quantifies financial toxicity in the insurance system, where patients have limited out-of-pocket direct medical costs. The results support the use of the COST tool in patients with gynecologic cancer.

Highlights • Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) of the uterine cervix are uncommon disease. • Most of ESFT show the genetic change of translocation (11;22) (q24;q12). • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is one of the treatment methods of choice for ESFT. • We report the case of ESFT of the uterine cervix in which NAC followed by radical hysterectomy was performed., Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors of the uterine cervix are extremely rare and, thus, an optimal treatment strategy has not yet been established. To the best of our knowledge, 28 cases were reported in the English literature between 1996 and 2020, and treatments involved surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and etoposide (VDC-IE) protocol increased the survival rate of patients with non-metastatic Ewing’s sarcoma family tumors. We herein present a case of a Ewing’s sarcoma family tumor of the cervix in a one-month postpartum woman treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the VDC-IE protocol and radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, and discussed the diagnosis and treatment of this tumor through a literature review.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and toxicities of radical hysterectomy (RH) and definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB cervical cancer.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on FIGO stage IIB patients who underwent RH with adjuvant radiotherapy (surgery group) or intended to receive CRT (CRT group). The distributions of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed for the 2 groups based on age, tumor diameter, histological type, and pelvic node metastasis in pretreatment imaging tests.ResultsMedian follow-up times were 58 months in the surgery group (n = 75) and 55 months in the CRT group (n = 65). Propensity score matching identified 37 patients with similar characteristics from each group. Significant differences were observed in the ratio of the chemotherapy combination between the surgery and CRT groups before (47% vs 98%) and after PSM (51% vs 100%). Five-year DFS rates were slightly higher in the surgery group than in the CRT group before PSM (69% vs 58%, P = 0.30) but were similar after PSM (76% vs 82%, P = 0.36). Five-year OS rates were similar between the surgery and CRT groups before (70% vs 75%, P = 0.59) and after PSM (78% vs 77%, P = 0.97). The results of multivariate analyses also showed that neither DFS nor OS was associated with the treatment modalities regardless of PSM. The incidence of late toxicities grade 2 or greater was similar between the surgery and CRT groups before (17% vs 23%, P = 0.31) and after PSM (19% vs 24%, P = 0.78).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that RH with adjuvant radiotherapy and definitive CRT are equivalent treatment options for patients with FIGO stage IIB cancer. However, prospective larger studies are needed to confirm this.

Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the effect of extensive lymphadenectomy on survival of early-stage cervical cancer patients with radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on early-stage patients with high-risk factors who received radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant RT. All patients were divided into the less than or equal to 40 dissected pelvic lymph nodes (DPLN ⩽40) and greater than 40 dissected pelvic lymph nodes (DPLN >40) groups to assess the effect of extensive lymphadenectomy. Distributions of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Significance of survival was assessed by the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the effects of the factors on survival by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results After a median follow-up of 76 months for a total of 178 patients, 5-year DFS of the DPLN >40 group was significantly higher than that of the DPLN ⩽40 group (86% vs 74%, P = 0.045). Five-year OS was comparable between the 2 groups (85% vs 78%, P = 0.49). The multivariate analysis showed that the DPLN ⩽40 group was at a significantly higher risk of recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–4.8; P = 0.020), whereas OS was not affected by the DPLN group (P = 0.26). Positive pelvic lymph node, parametrial invasion, histological type, and the absence of RT-combined chemotherapy remained significant prognostic factors for lower DFS and OS by the multivariate analysis. Adjusted hazard ratio of DPLN ⩽40 for DFS was 1.2 (95% CI, 0.11–12; P = 0.91) in patients with negative pelvic lymph node (PLN) whereas it was 2.6 (95% CI, 1.1–5.8; P = 0.024) in patients with positive PLN. Conclusions These results suggest that more extensive lymphadenectomy significantly improve the outcomes of patients with positive PLN even followed by adjuvant RT.