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In COVID-19 pandemic, cancer patients may be vulnerable for their immunological status and need of immunosuppressive anti-neoplastic treatments Choosing the best treatment option in COVID-19 positive cancer patients is still a challenging issue We report the case of a 62-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple myeloma and affected by COVID-19 After the diagnosis of multiple myeloma in January 2019, the patient underwent first line therapy followed by bone marrow autologous stem cell transplantation, achieving a complete response in September 2019 In March 2020, the patient showed intrathoracic progression of the disease, resulting in a severe dysphagia and concomitant positivity to SARS-CoV-2 swab test, cough, fever, and dyspnea related to the involvement of the lung parenchyma as shown by CT-scan After her admittance to a COVID-19 dedicated inward, she was administered oral hydroxychloroquine and darunavir-cobicistat for 7 days with stabilization of her general clinical conditions For the worsening of dysphagia, after multidisciplinary discussion, it was decided to deliver radiotherapy to the mediastinal and paravertebral mass with 8 Gy single fraction After 5 days, her clinical conditions improved, with reduction of dysphagia The CT confirmed a partial response with reduction of the mass of about 50% Viral clearance was confirmed by triple negative search for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swabs, one month after first documentation of positivity Unfortunately, the patient died three months later due to a pulmonary mycotic infection causing respiratory failure To our knowledge, this case report describes the first experience of mediastinal radiotherapy in a COVID-19 patient affected by myeloma reported in the literature In case of clinical indication, even in presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, radiotherapy can be safely delivered and might be considered a treatment option as shown by our experience in this challenging case of intrathoracic myeloma © Translational Cancer Research All rights reserved

Aims: To assess whether CT-based radiomics and blood-derived biomarkers could improve the prediction of overall survival (OS) and locoregional progression-free survival (LRPFS) in patients with oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) treated with curative-intent RT. Methods: Consecutive OPC patients with primary tumors treated between 2005 and 2021 were included. Analyzed clinical variables included gender, age, smoking history, staging, subsite, HPV status, and blood parameters (baseline hemoglobin levels, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets, and derived measurements). Radiomic features were extracted from the gross tumor volumes (GTVs) of the primary tumor using pyradiomics. Outcomes of interest were LRPFS and OS. Following feature selection, a radiomic score (RS) was calculated for each patient. Significant variables, along with age and gender, were included in multivariable analysis, and models were retained if statistically significant. The models’ performance was compared by the C-index. Results: One hundred and five patients, predominately male (71%), were included in the analysis. The median age was 59 (IQR: 52–66) years, and stage IVA was the most represented (70%). HPV status was positive in 63 patients, negative in 7, and missing in 35 patients. The median OS follow-up was 6.3 (IQR: 5.5–7.9) years. A statistically significant association between low Hb levels and poorer LRPFS in the HPV-positive subgroup (p = 0.038) was identified. The calculation of the RS successfully stratified patients according to both OS (log-rank p < 0.0001) and LRPFS (log-rank p = 0.0002). The C-index of the clinical and radiomic model resulted in 0.82 [CI: 0.80–0.84] for OS and 0.77 [CI: 0.75–0.79] for LRPFS. Conclusions: Our results show that radiomics could provide clinically significant informative content in this scenario. The best performances were obtained by combining clinical and quantitative imaging variables, thus suggesting the potential of integrative modeling for outcome predictions in this setting of patients.

Objective To analyze the pattern of failure in relation to pre-treatment [18F] FDG-PET/CT uptake in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients treated with definitive radio-chemotherapy (RT-CHT). Methods and materials From 2012 to 2016, 87 HNSCC patients treated with definitive RT-CHT, with intensity modulated radiation therapy with simultaneous integrated boost, underwent pre-treatment [18F] FDG-PET/CT (PETpre), and MRI/CT for radiotherapy (RT) planning purposes. Patients with local recurrence, received [18F] FDG-PET/CT, (PETrec) at the time of the discovery of recurrence. In these patients, the metabolic target volume (MTV), MTVpre and MTVrec were segmented on PET images by means of an adaptive thresholding algorithm. The overlapping volume between MTVpre and MTVrec (MTVpre&rec) was generated and the dose coverage of MTVrec and MTVpre&rec was checked on the planning CT using the D99 and D95 dose metrics. The recurrent volume was defined as: ‘‘In-Field (IF)’’, “Marginal recurrence” or ‘‘Out-of-Field (OF)’’ if D95 was respectively equal or higher than 95%, D95 was between 95 and 20% or the D95 was less than 20% of prescribed dose. Results We found 10/87 patients (11.5%) who had recurrence at primary site. Mean MTVpre was 12.2 cc (4.6–28.9 cc), while the mean MTVrec was 4.3 cc (1.1–12.7 cc). Two recurrences resulted 100% inside MTVpre, 4 recurrences were mostly inside (61–91%) and 4 recurrences were marginal to MTVpre (1–33%). At dosimetric analysis, five recurrences (50%) were IF, 4 (40%) marginal and one (10%) OF. The mean D99 of the overlapping volumes MTVpre&rec was 68.1 Gy (66.5–69.2 Gy), considering a prescription dose of 70 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV). Conclusion Our study shows that the recurrence may originate from the volume with the highest FDG-signal. Tumor relapse in the high-dose volume support the hypothesis that an intensification of the dose on these volumes could be further assessed to prevent local relapse.

Starting from Wuhan, China, SARS-CoV-2 has been a catastrophic epidemic involving many countries worldwide. After China, Italy has been heavily affected, and severe measures to limit the spread of the virus have been taken in the last weeks. Radiation oncology departments must guarantee optimal cancer treatments even in such a challenging scenario of an ongoing aggressive epidemic. Adopted preventive measures and recommendations are highlighted for patients, professionals, and clinical operations to minimize the risk of infection while safely treating patients with cancer.