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Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among men. Due to related societal limitations, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic increases physical inactivity, which decreases cancer survivors' functional capacity. As a result, golf might be a good way for prostate cancer survivors who have been fully vaccinated against coronavirus disease to improve their musculoskeletal function, cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological function, and general quality of life. Aerobic activity's ability to adjust hormone levels, prevent obesity, increase immunological function, and lower oxidative stress have all been identified as reasons for its benefit for prostate cancer survivors. Prostate cancer survivors must first complete a fitness evaluation supervised and recommended by a certified clinical exercise physiologist after consultations with a urologic oncologist before enrolling in a cancer-specific community golf program. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is currently the gold standard technique for the evaluation of cardiopulmonary fitness. Prostate cancer survivors should be placed in a group with regard to their fitness level if they pass this fitness test. Prostate cancer survivors can be grouped into four to five groups at a time. Golfing activities should include warm-up, driving range, and course activities (on-course golf play twice a week for a duration of 90 min per day or 180 min per week at moderate-intensity). From the uro-oncologists' point of view, prostate cancer survivors can benefit from group-based community golf programs that can be recommended and designed for them through the collaboration of their physician and a certified exercise professional.

Exercise oncology is a growing field in cancer care that deals with the use of various types of exercise (eg, aerobic exercise, resistance training and mind body exercise) in the management of patients with cancer.1 The progress of research in the field of exercise oncology has resulted to a broad and substantial evidence on the role of physical activity (PA) in cancer prevention and management. The growing field of exercise oncology is divided into three major areas (1) cellular and molecular exercise oncology, (2) clinical exercise oncology and (3) behavioural exercise oncology.1 Advancements and discoveries in cellular and molecular exercise oncology assist in the design and personalisation of exercise prescriptions for certain cancers in diverse populations, which have been successfully incorporated into clinical practice. Evidence showed that certain amount of aerobic exercise, resistance training and combined aerobic and resistance exercise can mitigate cancer-related health burdens (eg, anxiety, depressive symptoms and fatigue) and adverse effects associated with cancer treatment (such as cardiovascular toxicity and cognitive impairment).2 However, there is a need to improve the knowledge of medical oncologists on exercise prescription and tailoring exercise regimen according to patient’s health status and functional capacity. Currently, the 11th edition of the American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (ACSM) is the most recommended handbook for developing expertise in exercise testing, safety, prescription and monitoring, which can be applied in clinical exercise oncology. The handbook covers technically established standards on clinical exercise testing and prescription, interpretation of clinical exercise test results and reviews of recommended methods for exercise testing and exercise prescription in healthy and diseased patients. Moreover, the handbook also contains important evidence on …