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Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is considered an indolent cancer, but some PTC patients do present with distant metastases and treatment strategies for such patients are not well established. Recently, lenvatinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases, has been introduced to treat patients with advanced PTC but carries a risk of serious adverse events such as hemorrhage. Here, we report a PTC patient with a left adrenal metastasis and lenvatinib-induced hemorrhage who underwent successful surgical resection and was subsequently treated with a lower dose of lenvatinib. The patient has now been in a stable state with no adverse events for nearly two years. This case highlights the importance of surgical resection of metastatic PTC and subsequent lenvatinib therapy, even when the tumor is at an advanced stage.

Hematogenous path remains an important pathway of spread for ovarian cancer; the most commonly reported sites of involvement are represented by liver and lungs. The aim of this paper is to report a rare situation in which adrenal metastasis from ovarian carcinoma was encountered. Case report. The 55-year-old patient with previous history of surgically treated ovarian cancer was diagnosed at 18 months follow-up with an isolated lesion at the level of the right adrenal gland. After completing the biochemical analysis, in order to exclude an endocrine disorder, the final suspicion of diagnostic was of an adrenal metastasis and was submitted to adrenalectomy. The histopathological studies confirmed the presence of an adrenal metastasis of ovarian cancer. Conclusions. Although rare situations, adrenal metastases from ovarian cancer can be encountered and might be successfully treated by surgery with curative intent.

Simple Summary Adrenal glands are common dissemination sites for metastases of various solid tumors. The rapid development of new treatment strategies, such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy for different cancer types, has led to increased metastatic adrenalectomies. Therefore, clear communication between oncologists and adrenal gland specialists has become increasingly important to outweigh surgical risks versus oncological advantages of adrenalectomies in these patients. This study assesses trends in diagnosis, type of surgery, and short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of patients who underwent metastatic adrenalectomy. We included a total of 95 patients with an adrenal metastasis of non-adrenal primary tumors, most often colorectal or lung cancer, who underwent (minimal invasive) adrenalectomy. 37.9% of the patients experienced one or more complications after adrenalectomy. Within our patient cohort, an increased demand for metastatic adrenalectomy was observed over the past years, which might be associated with the rise of targeted- and immunotherapy. Our data aims to assist multidisciplinary teams with weighing the pros and cons of resection of the metastasized adrenal gland of cancer patients. Abstract The adrenal glands are common dissemination sites for metastasis of various solid tumors. Surgical treatment is often recommended because targeted therapies and immunotherapy are frequently ineffective for adrenal metastasis. We report the experience with short-term and long-term surgical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for adrenal metastasis in two hospitals. A retrospective, multicenter study was performed to analyze patient characteristics, tumor-related data, perioperative outcomes, and oncological outcomes. Postoperative complications that occurred within 30 days were scored according to the Clavien Dindo classification. Metastatic adrenalectomy was performed in 95 patients. We observed an increase from an average of 3 metastatic adrenalectomies per year between 2001–2005 to 10 between 2015–2019. The most frequent underlying malignancies were colorectal and lung cancer. In 55.8%, minimal invasive adrenalectomy was performed, including six conversions to open surgery. A total of 37.9% of patients had postoperative complications, of which ileus or gastroparesis, wound problems, pneumonia, and heart arrhythmias were the most occurring complications. Improved cancer care has led to an increased demand for metastatic adrenalectomy over the past years. Complication rates of 37.9% are significant and cannot be neglected. Therefore, multidisciplinary teams should weigh the decision to perform metastatic adrenalectomy for each patient individually, taking into account the drawbacks of the described morbidity versus the potential benefits.

Adrenal metastases are not uncommon in patients with widespread metastatic lung cancer. Isolated metachronous adrenal metastases in cases of surgically treated lung cancer without long-term evidence of disease are rare and may pose a diagnostic and treatment dilemma. The current literature suggests that in such cases, adrenalectomy provides better median and overall survival rates. This case presents an incidentally discovered isolated adrenal mass in a patient with a past medical history of lung adenocarcinoma that was surgically removed three years before metastasis discovery. The patient successfully underwent adrenalectomy and was disease-free with no apparent complications at her three-month follow-up visit. The case highlights the importance of long-term radiographic surveillance after surgical resection of lung adenocarcinoma for the prompt diagnosis and timely treatment of metachronous metastases.

Objective Long-term survival of patients who undergo surgical resection of isolated adrenal metastasis instead of nonsurgical treatment has shown higher values than those described for stage IVA. The primary endpoint was to evaluate overall survival (OS) of patients with single adrenal metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who underwent surgical treatment. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate and compare the OS and disease-free survival (DFS) according to: pathological lung tumour size, histology, lymph node involvement, type of metastasis at the time of diagnosis and laterality of the metastasis according to the primary lung tumour. Methods From August 2007 to March 2020, 13 patients with isolated adrenal gland metastasis were identified. We performed a descriptive observational study including patients with diagnosed single adrenal gland metastasis of resectable primary lung cancer and no history of other malignant disease. Clinical data obtained included patient demographics, metastases characteristics, laterality of the metastasis, time between surgeries, length of follow-up, survival status, pathological lung tumour size, histology and lymph node involvement. The variables analysed were OS and DFS. Results Median global OS was 31.9 months (interquartile range (IQR), 19.1–51.4). The 2- and 5-year OS estimated was 54% (95% CI: 29.5%–77.4%) and 36% (95% CI: 13.4%–68.1%), respectively. In patients with NSCLC without mediastinal lymph node involvement, we obtain a median OS of 40 months (IQR, 27.4–51.4) and a 2- and 5-year OS estimated of 75% (95% CI: 43.2%–92.2%) and 50% (95% CI: 18.7%–81.2%), respectively. Recurrence was detected in five patients with a median DFS of 11.9 months (IQR, 6–34.2). Conclusion The resection of the adrenal metastasis should be considered if the primary lung cancer is resectable. Presence of mediastinal lymph node involvement should be ruled out through invasive staging of the mediastinum before performing adrenal and lung surgery. Proper selection of patients who would benefit from surgery is essential to obtain better survival results.

Background The prognosis of adrenal metastases (AM) from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with surgical contraindication was poor. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety and treatment efficacy of percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the local treatment of AM originated from HCC. Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 22 patients (21 male and 1 female, mean age, 53.0 ± 13.0 years) who had single AM (mean diameter, 4.0 ± 1.8 cm, range, 1.7–8.0 cm) originated from HCC and received US-guided percutaneous RFA at our institution. The diagnosis was established on typical radiologic findings. The primary technical success was defined as the tumour being completely ablated in the first RFA session. The secondary technical success was defined as tumour residual left from the first ablation was completely ablated by a second ablation session. Local tumour progression (LTP) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results A total of 25 ablation sessions were performed. The primary technical success and the secondary technical success were 77.3% (17 of 22) and 86.4% (19 of 22), respectively, with the major complication rate at 4.5% (1 of 22). The median follow-up period after RFA was 10 months (3–55 months). During the follow-up period, five patients were detected LTP. The LTP at 3, 6, and 12 months were 15.8, 26.3, and 26.3%, respectively. Nine patients died of distant extra-adrenal metastases and another five of liver failure due to HCC. The OS at 6, 12, 24 months after RFA for AM were at 79.7, 52.6, and 32.9%, respectively. Conclusion Percutaneous US-guided RFA in the treatment of AM originated from HCC is feasible, safe and effective.

Despite recent advances in the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), bevacizumab plus platinum–based doublet chemotherapy remains a commonly used first-line regimen. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed–platinum with or without bevacizumab in Chinese chemo-naive advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients in a real-world setting. We retrospectively collected 100 patients who received pemetrexed–platinum with or without bevacizumab (PP, n = 46; Bev+PP, n = 54) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Clinical characteristics of patients were balanced, except for the proportion of stage IV b+c (Bev+PP and PP: 67.4 vs. 37.0%, p = 0.0066). Bev+PP significantly improved the objective response rate (ORR, 65 vs. 30%, p = 0.0004) and progression-free survival (PFS, 7.4 vs. 6.8 months, p = 0.009), but not overall survival (OS, 17.5 vs. 15.0 months, p = 0.553) compared with PP. Treatment (p = 0.001), gender (p = 0.008), adrenal metastasis (p = 0.001), and liver metastasis (p = 0.013) were independent risk factors for PFS. Patients with adrenal metastasis tended to be at the highest risk of not benefiting from bevacizumab addition (HR [95% CI]: 2.244 [0.6495–7.753]). The safety profile was acceptable, and grade ≥3 toxicity occurred similarly. This study showed that pemetrexed–platinum plus bevacizumab was effective compared to chemotherapy alone in Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC.

A 77 year-old man was referred to Urology with an enlarging left adrenal mass after treatment with androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. He underwent a robotic-assisted left radical adrenalectomy, with pathology revealing metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with a primary prostate adenocarcinoma. The patient had a durable oncological response to metastasectomy with no evidence of biochemical or radiological recurrence after 5 years of follow-up. Adrenal metastases from prostate cancer are extremely rare, representing only 1% of metastatic cases. Surgical resection of oligometastatic prostate cancer recurrences may be considered in select patients and may improve progression-free survival.

Aim Our aim was to confirm the utility of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for intraoperative detection of adrenal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. Case report An 83-year-old man with a right adrenal HCC metastasis was admitted after complete remission of primary HCC and a metachronous left adrenal metastasis. He was treated with ICG fluorescence-guided limited resection to preserve adrenal function. ICG was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 6 days before the operation. After removal of the entire suspicious metastatic HCC, ICG fluorescence imaging clearly demonstrated two illuminated lesions. The lesions were separately resected using an energy device. Finally, there were no ICG fluorescent lesions which meant residual tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed adrenal metastasis of moderately differentiated HCC in the initial specimen and the additional resected specimens. Three months after the operation, adrenal function was well preserved without recurrence of HCC. Conclusion ICG fluorescence imaging is essential for complete resection of adrenal HCC metastasis.

The concept of oligometastasis was introduced nearly 50 years go, but was a rare occurrence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) until recent years. Now with improved imaging technologies and more efficacious systemic therapies, more patients are presenting with low volume metastatic disease. Aggressive local therapy at the primary and metastatic site have been used for >40 years in NSCLC patient with isolated brain or adrenal metastasis with cure in 10–30%, but without prospective evidence for benefit, its use was not routine and many questioned its true benefit. A recent series of small prospective trials have demonstrated significant survival improvements with local consolidative therapy to all disease sites following first line chemotherapy, and brought this aggressive approach toward local control into the mainstream of care for stage IV NSCLC. In an era when local therapies can be delivered with minimal morbidity and mortality, there is increasing opportunity and evidence for benefit in carefully selected patients with oligometastatic and oligo-progressive NSCLC.

The patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive conformal radiotherapy (RT) were evaluated in terms of side effects and survival. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) was calculated for 68 patients treated between 2009 and 2012. Clinical and dosimetric factors were analyzed. The median dose of 63 Gy (range: 54 to 70 Gy) was given with conformal RT with blocks (n = 37), 3-dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT) (n =11), or intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) (n = 20). Acute grade 1 to 2 radiation pneumonitis (RP) was seen in 13% of the patients. No significant relationship was found between RP and treatment and dosimetric factors (p > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between median "mean lung dose" (MLD) (17 Gy), lung V30 (20.5%), and NTCP (14%) (p < 0.001). Median and 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 27 and 18 months and 51% and 42%, respectively. In univariate analysis, significant dose range for survival was found between 59.4 and 63 Gy (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, response (p = 0.001), fraction dose of 1.8 Gy (p = 0.002), MLD 59.4 Gy (p = 0.01), and tumor biologically effective dose (BED)3(Gy) 5100.8 (p = 0.01) for PFS were found to be favorable factors. In our study, we found a linear correlation between NTCP and MLD for RP risk estimation in patients with NSCLC. Therapeutic dose range where MLD can be kept under 20 Gy with significant survival benefit was found between 59.4 and 63 Gy. Increased therapeutic efficacy will be possible using risk-adaptive RT techniques.

Eighty-five percent of all lung cancers are Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) with common sites of metastasis to the adrenal glands and liver. Onset is insidious, and seventy-five percent of patients have either regional or distant metastases at initial presentation. The five-year relative survival rate is four and a half percent with a distantly spread disease based on recent studies. Here we present a unique case of a ten-year survival with NSCLC initially presenting as a Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and reoccurring with adrenal gland, bone, and CNS lesions. The patient presented with SVC caused by lung cancer and underwent chemo and radiotherapy with complete response in 2010. Five years later, the same cancer returned disguised as an adrenal tumor. In 2017, the patient came in with facial neuropathy, shooting pains, sinus headaches, eyelid concerns, and active tumoral activity was detected in the middle cranial fossa, involving parotid glands and the vertebral column. Craniotomy revealed a metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma that extended through foramen ovale and rotundum to the infratemporal fossa and caused left-sided facial paralysis, hearing loss and numbness in CN V2 - V3 distribution. Considering that the patient has experienced several recurrences of disease on standard protocols and is not a candidate for targeted molecular therapies, an immunotherapy trial was suggested as the next step. The natural history of this disease is remarkable in terms of metastatic sites, paraneoplastic manifestations, and a substantially prolonged lifespan. Thus, more studies of similar cases will advance our understanding of tumor genetics and immunotherapy allowing the greater benefit to future patients.

Treatment options for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients presenting with synchronous adrenal oligometastases (stage IV disease) include local treatment such as surgery, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or systemic treatment such as chemotherapy. A case of successful SBRT treatment to a primary NSCLC with a synchronous left adrenal oligometastasis achieving long-term local control of both lesions is reported.

Metastasis to the adrenal glands is a relatively frequent observation at autopsy of patients that have succumbed to cancer. Long-term disease-free survival has been reported in patients following the resection of solitary adrenal metastasis resulting from colorectal cancer. In addition, following primary resection for colorectal cancer, solitary metastasis to the adrenal glands is rare, even in outpatients at routine follow-ups. Therefore, adrenal metastasis is usually detected in combination with multiple synchronous metastases at other sites in the terminal stages of cancer. Between 1998 and 2002, 3 patients with adrenal metastasis and other synchronous metastatic sites underwent surgery for adrenal metastasis at the Department of Gastroenterological Surgery at Osaka University. The other synchronous metastatic sites observed in the 3 patients consisted of lung and para-aortic lymph nodes. In total, 2 out of the 3 patients experienced long-term disease-free survival for >5 years following surgery and 1 patient underwent curative resection for recurrence of metastases in the liver and right adrenal gland 79 months subsequent to the initial resection for adrenal metastasis. All 3 patients survived for >90 months. In conclusion, aggressive surgical resection for adrenal metastasis and other metastatic sites resulting from colorectal cancer may result in a survival benefit in selected patients.

Aim We aimed to analyze surgical outcomes of open or laparoscopic adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis and assess the factors influencing survival. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our institutional clinicopathological database for cases of adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis from solid tumors between 2000 and 2017. Results Twenty-five patients underwent open adrenalectomy (n = 11) or laparoscopic adrenalectomy (n = 14). The most common primary site was the lung (n = 7), followed by the kidney (n = 5), liver (n = 3), ovary (n = 2), soft tissue (n = 2), and six other sites. The majority of the patients (n = 19) had metachronous metastasis. The median tumor size was 3.1 cm (1-9 cm). With the median follow-up of 32 months (2-144 months), the median progression-free and overall survivals were 14 and 63 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that synchronous metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.5) and tumor size ≥ 4 cm (HR = 17.7) were significant prognostic factors for shorter overall survival. There was no significant difference for survival between the laparoscopic and open groups. Conclusions Adrenalectomy for solitary adrenal metastasis can be applied for selected patients with various types of malignancy. However, synchronous metastasis and tumor size ≥ 4 cm were prognostic factors for shorter overall survival.

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) metastasize to the adrenal glands via various mechanisms, including lymphatic vessel arterial embolism and retrograde venous embolism. The rate of ipsilateral metastasis is 3–5% and the rate of contralateral metastasis is ~0.7%, however, synchronous bilateral adrenal metastases are extremely rare. Therefore, the optimal diagnosis and treatment strategy for this condition is yet to be thoroughly defined. In the present study, a 50-year-old male patient presented with right flank pain. Ultrasonography (US) revealed a right renal mass and bilateral adrenal metastases, and a computerized tomography (CT) scan determined the size of the lesions: An 86×83×66-mm mass in the lower pole of the right kidney, an 18×12×10-mm mass in the right adrenal gland, and a 69×51×53-mm mass in the left adrenal gland with central necrosis and peripheral contrast uptake. A US-guided biopsy was performed which determined a diagnosis of right RCC and bilateral synchronous adrenal metastasis. Immunohistochemical examination of the biopsy revealed clear cell carcinoma (Fuhrman grade, III). Consequently, right radical nephrectomy, right partial adrenalectomy (with frozen section examination) and left adrenalectomy were planned. The bilateral synchronous adrenal metastases posed a challenge in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, as there is no standard approach in the literature for the treatment of such patients. However, metastasectomy was selected, as it appears to be the most effective treatment strategy for increasing the rate of cancer-specific survival. As an adrenal mass was present in the current patient, a hormonal examination was recommended and an adrenal-preserving minimally invasive surgical procedure using frozen section examination during surgery was particularly important to prevent the patient from developing adrenal insufficiency.

A 66-year-old man was admitted to undergo treatment for the sudden onset of hypogastric pain radiating to the left flank. Based on the clinical presentation and radiological findings, left adrenal hemorrhage secondary to hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed. Although the patient was hemodynamically stable, anemia progressed over the first four days after admission and a blood transfusion was subsequently initiated, which was effective. According to the results of interval imaging with computed tomography, elective transcatheter embolization (TAE) was performed nine days after admission to treat the bleeding from the adrenal tumor. After TAE, the patient's abdominal pain resolved, with no further progression of anemia.

The most frequent sites of distant metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are primarily liver and lung, followed by brain and bone metastases. Infrequently, metastases are found in the adrenal glands. They usually have a metachronous and homolateral character. We present a case of contralateral synchronic adrenal metastasis of CRC and its surgical resolution.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the clinical effect and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (US-PMWA) assisted by three-dimensional (3D) visualization operative treatment planning system in larger adrenal metastasis (LAM) (D ≥ 4 cm). Materials and Methods: From Dec 2011 to Dec 2017, 12 consecutive LAM patients with pathologically proven with a mean diameter of 5.2±1.3cm (range 4.1-7.6) were treated. Artificial ascites and thermal monitoring system as ancillary technique were used. The patients were followed up with imagings and complications were recorded. Results: The median follow-up period was 31 months (ranged 6–52 m). All LAM achieved completely ablation according to the 3D planning preoperation. Complete ablation was achieved in 10 (10/12, 83.3%) patients by one session and 2 patients (2/12, 16.7%) by two sessions. Recurrence was detected at the treated site in 3 patients (3/12, 25.0%) at 5, 9, and 13 months after ablation and received another ablation. Progression of metastasis disease at extra-adrenal sites occurred in 9 patients (9/12, 75%). Seven (7/12, 58.3%) patients died during the follow-up period. Therefore, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year local tumor control rates were 83.3%, 75.0%, and 75.0%, and 1-, 2-, 3- and 4-year overall survival rates were 91.7%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 41.7%, respectively. No severe complications related to ablation occurred, except 3 (3/12, 25%) patients developed hypertension during ablation. Conclusions: US-PMWA assisted by 3D visualization preoperative treatment planning system maybe a safe and efficient therapy for LAM, which could promote ablation precision, improve the clinical outcomes.

Despite significant advances in the systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, long-term survival remains low. A potential way to improve outcomes in selected cases is the use of metastasectomy, which is part of the multimodal treatment of this disease. Although the evidence supporting this approach is limited, we believe it is a reasonable option for certain patients. This review summarizes the evidence supporting this approach.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging detected an isolated adrenal lesion in an elderly man with high-risk prostate cancer who was undergoing radiotherapy (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT). When prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 31.66 ng/mL, the lesion was not identified as a metastasis by 18F-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-choline-PET/CT). When PSA was over 100 ng/mL, 18F-choline-PET/CT diagnosed the malignancy. After adrenalectomy, PSA returned to normal, and stable disease remission was obtained. This case suggests that atypical metastasis may be underdiagnosed.

Many primary cancers can metastasize to the adrenal glands. Adrenalectomy via an open or laparoscopic approach is the current definitive treatment, but not all patients are eligible or wish to undergo surgery. There are only limited studies on the use of conventional radiation therapy for palliation of symptoms from adrenal metastasis. However, the advent of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) - also named stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for primary lung cancer, metastases to the lung, and metastases to the liver - have prompted some investigators to consider the use of SBRT for metastases to the adrenal glands. This review focuses on the emerging data on SBRT of metastasis to the adrenal glands, while also providing a brief discussion of the overall management of adrenal metastasis.

Purpose: To study the phenomenon of positive urine cytology in patients with lung cancer in the absence of obvious urothelial metastases. Patients and methods: 150 patients with small (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of all stages and 3 control groups were prospectively studied. Immunocytochemical study (cytokeratins 7-20, TTF1) in all positive urine specimens and chemokine profile (CXCR4, CCL21) study of the primary tumor in selected positive patients was performed. In experimental study, C57Bl/6 BALB/C mice injected with LLC lung and 4T1 mammary cancer cells were used for the detection of positive urine cytology. Results: 11% of patients with NSCLC, 7% of patients with SCLC and none of the control group had positive urine cytology. In NSCLC, metastatic disease and high tumor burden positively correlated (p = 0.01 and 0.03 respectively) with the phenomenon. In SCLC, correlation with extensive disease and multiple metastatic sites (p = 0.02 and 0.04 respectively) was found. No correlation was found in either group with: age, gender, histology, performance status, line of chemotherapy, previous platinum-based chemotherapy, adrenal metastases, renal function, abnormal urinary sediment, response to chemotherapy and overall survival (p = 0.9). Distinctive chemokine expression was identified in positive patients studied and was not observed in negative patients (×2 p = 0.008). In the experimental study, only the LLC lung cancer cells were detected in the urine cytology of mice. Conclusion: This phenomenon, carrying undefined pathophysiological mechanisms, seems to characterize only patients with metastatic/extensive disease and high tumor burden. Further studies are needed to validate our preliminary chemokine expression results. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. 73 1 51 58

A 71-year-old woman with a right adrenal mass detected by computed tomography was referred to our institution. Before 33 months, she had undergone a radical heminephrectomy for an 11-cm renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the left moiety of a horseshoe kidney. The adrenal tumor was diagnosed as the metastasis of RCC. The tumor was subsequently removed in a laparoscopic adrenalectomy by a retroperitoneal approach. Pathologic examination revealed the mass to be the adrenal metastasis of RCC. To our knowledge, this is the initial report of a laparoscopic adrenalectomy for the adrenal metastasis of renal cell carcinoma arising from a horseshoe kidney.

Incidentally discovered adrenal masses are a common diagnostic problem. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can adequately characterize most benign or malignant adrenal masses, in some cases the results are indeterminate. We report and discuss a case of an adrenal metastasis with misleading clinical and CT features, in which an abnormal metabolic uptake detected through fluorine 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)-CT raised the suspicion of adrenal metastasis relatively early compared with apparently normal results on repeated follow-up CT examinations.

Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can metastasize to almost every organ, the most common metastatic sites are the lungs, abdomen, bones and brain. We present a rare case of a 72-year-old male with a large left RCC with simultaneous bilateral adrenal metastasis. In the process of surgical treatment, he underwent left radical nephrectomy with ipsilateral adrenalectomy. Due to the poor general condition of the patient, and also to prevent adrenal insufficiency, the right adrenal mass was preserved, without imposing any hazard to the patient. Systemic immunotherapy was initiated and the patient is still alive 1 year after surgery.

Background: Precise local radiotherapy for adrenal metastasis can prolong the useful life of patients with oligometastasis. The aim of this retrospective, 2-center study was to establish the safety and effectiveness of real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy and general stereotactic body radiotherapy in treating patients with adrenal metastatic tumors. Materials and Methods: Thirteen lesions in 12 patients were treated with real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (48 Gy in 8 fractions over 2 weeks) and 8 lesions in 8 patients were treated with general stereotactic body radiotherapy (40-50 Gy in 5-8 fractions over 2 weeks or 60-70 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks). Overall survival rates, local control rates, and adverse effects were analyzed. Results: The actuarial overall survival rates for all patients at 1 and 2 years were 78.5% and 45.8%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 17.5 months, and the actuarial local control rates for all tumors at 1 and 2 years were 91.7% and 53.0%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 9 months. A complete local tumor response was obtained in 3 tumors treated by real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (lung adenocarcinomas with diameters of 35, 40, and 60 mm). There was a statistically significant difference in the local control between the groups treated by real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy (100% at 1 year) and general stereotactic body radiotherapy (50% at 1 year; P < .001). No late adverse reactions at Grade 2 or higher were reported for either treatment group. Conclusions: This study showed that although both treatments are safe and effective, the real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy is more effective than general stereotactic body radiotherapy in local control for adrenal metastasis.

症例は65歳の男性で，貧血の精査でS状結腸癌とともに，左副腎に3 cm大の境界明瞭な充実性腫瘤を認めた．副腎腫瘤は造影CTで後期相まで造影効果が遷延し，MRIでT1強調・T2強調画像ともに等信号を呈した．また，positron emission tomography/computed tomographyで異常集積を認めた．以上から，S状結腸癌および副腎転移と診断し，S状結腸切除および左副腎摘出を施行した．副腎腫瘍の病理組織学的検査結果は，扁平～立方状の腫瘍細胞が大小の管腔を形成しており，免疫組織学的にAE1/AE3（＋），Calretinin（＋），Vimentin（＋），CD31（−），D2-40（−），S-100蛋白（−）の中皮由来腫瘍で，副腎原発腺腫様腫瘍と診断した．副腎原発腺腫様腫瘍はまれで，28例の報告があるが，その画像的特徴を詳細に述べた報告は過去1編のみである．