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This paper discusses the international responsibility of the State and the role of international jurisdictions – specifically analyzing the international responsibility of the United States in the commercial jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization, utilizing the WTO-OSC/DS267, known as the Upland Cotton case. For the State, it is inevitable that there will always be conflicts of interest subject to internationally recognized trade rules. This leads to a situation where international organizations need to implement a harmonization mechanism using decisions based on the regulation of international trade. Moreover, a State has the obligation to repair damage caused by disrespecting principles of Public International Law. Furthermore, general principles of international law apply to the WTO and its agreements. In this sense, the relationship of international responsibility in the WTO Dispute Settlement System (SSC) transcends party involvement in disputes as it concerns all the WTO members. This paper discusses the international responsibility of the State and the role of international jurisdictions – specifically analyzing the international responsibility of the United States in the commercial jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization, utilizing the WTO-OSC/DS267, known as the Upland Cotton case. For the State, it is inevitable that there will always be conflicts of interest subject to internationally recognized trade rules. This leads to a situation where international organizations need to implement a harmonization mechanism using decisions based on the regulation of international trade. Moreover, a State has the obligation to repair damage caused by disrespecting principles of Public International Law. Furthermore, general principles of international law apply to the WTO and its agreements. In this sense, the relationship of international responsibility in the WTO Dispute Settlement System (SSC) transcends party involvement in disputes as it concerns all the WTO members

O artigo aborda a adoção de medidas de retaliação, através de direitos compensatórios, à prática de subsídios no comércio agrícola internacional, por meio da análise da evolução das diferenças comerciais submetidas à Organização Mundial de Comércio (OMC). Os resultados revelam que os Estados Unidos da América e a União Europeia são os membros que mais sofrem medidas de retaliação na OMC, em razão dos impactos de suas políticas de subsídios ao setor agrícola. Além disso, houve uma queda nos contenciosos comerciais submetidos à apreciação da OMC, especialmente em matéria de direitos compensatórios em relação ao setor agrícola.