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Okra has recently attracted attention owing to its superior tolerance to high temperatures, greater adaptation to poor soil conditions, and having a robust plant structure. The plant contains a high amount of oil and valuable fatty acids; however, the main restriction of using okra seeds as an oil crop results from its gossypol contents. The aim of this study was to determine the oil content of okra landraces and to evaluate its potential as an oil crop. For this aim, seed oil content, fatty acid compositions of cold‐pressed seed oil, and gossypol concentrations of fruit, oil cake, and seed oil were investigated in a core collection of 26 okra landraces, lines, and cultivars. Individual plants were harvested at the full maturity stage, and seeds were harvested and dried under 35°C for 2 days prior to oil extraction. Oil content, fatty acid composition, and gossypol content were analyzed by NMR, GC‐FID, and HPLC, respectively. The calibration coefficients (r2) of all the methods were determined to be > 0.99. The seed oil content of the samples ranged between 12.15% and 18.83%. Linoleic (42.01%), palmitic (31.65%), oleic (18.39%), and stearic acids (3.20%) were found to be the largest fraction of the fatty acids. The data matrix from 19 fatty acids and oil content was subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA). As a result, 6 principal components (PCs, eigenvalues > 1) explained 83.84% of total variance in the data set, with PC1 contributing 32.69% of the total. Gossypol contents of the fruit, oil cake, and seed oil fractions ranged between LOQ‐2.12, < LOQ‐7.01, and < LOQ‐62.46 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, okra may have the potential to be an alternative oil crop for food/feed purposes due to the presence of reasonable oil content, high‐quality fatty acid variations, and very low amounts of toxic gossypols, warranting further breeding and agronomic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isolating high-quality genomic DNA from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) is very hard because it contains a lot of acidic polysaccharides (mucilage) and polyphenols, which can make DNA extraction harder. This study selected twenty different genotypes of okra, carefully harvested healthy juvenile leaves, and washed them with distilled water to minimize contamination. A novel, cost-effective, rapid, and simplified method for DNA extraction was standardized, addressing the specific challenges posed by okra's biochemical composition in comparison to the conventional methods. The modified protocol yielded 20-30% more DNA compared to conventional methods, resulting in superior quality and purity. The DNA isolated using this method was sufficiently pure for approximately 275-300 PCR reactions, enabling accurate downstream applications such as genetic diversity analysis. This optimized protocol represents a significant advancement in genomic DNA isolation from okra, providing a reliable and efficient alternative to conventional approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular studies show that okra germplasm harbour narrow genetic diversity despite certain level of phenotypic variation in Turkey. However, there is a gap in the information on the cytogenetics of Turkish okra genotypes. Studies on the cytogenetics and ploidy level may provide further information on the genetic diversity of Turkish okra germplasm. This study, therefore, investigated nuclear DNA content, ploidy level and chromosome number of 26 okra landraces and 3 commercial cultivars (Akköy-41, Kabaklı-11 and Marmara-1). The 2C nuclear DNA content varied from 3.05 to 3.20 pg with mean 2C values ranging between 3.11 and 3.18. The variation in nuclear DNA content was, however, statistically insignificant. Okra had a high number of chromosomes with very small sizes. The chromosome number of the plants investigated in the study was determined to be 2n (10x)= 128±2. Based on these results, the genotypes investigated are, probably, allodehaploid with some extra chromosomes and B chromosomes. In conclusion, the Okra germplasm has a narrow base of genetic diversity in the germplasm pool, which may limit the success of future breeding programs. Suggestions are discussed to enhance genetic diversity in the germplasm for more effective breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological variations among collections of okra landraces in order to improve local varieties in Palestine. Eighteen okra accessions from various locations in the West-Bank region were evaluated for morphological variation. Different sixteen morphological traits were used for okra collection evaluation. The results revealed significant differences in seed color, leaf rib color, stem color, branching patterns, and fruit characteristics. Cluster and similarity analysis classified into two main clusters (I and II) with further sub-clusters. Genetic proximity did not strictly align with geographical boundaries, suggesting that factors beyond location influence genetic similarity. Cluster I exhibited greater diversity, with sub-clusters hinting at potential local adaptation. In contrast, Cluster II was smaller and less diverse, implying potentially distinct genetic origins. These findings provide insights for breeding strategies and germplasm conservation.

The global prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, is rising. While pharmacological treatments for dyslipidemia and associated CVDs exist, not all individuals can afford them, and those who do often experience adverse side effects. Preclinical studies have indicated the potential benefits of Abelmoschus esculentus and its active phytochemicals in addressing dyslipidemia in rodent models of diabetes. However, there is limited clinical evidence on lipid parameters. Thus, this study aimed to assess the potential impact of Abelmoschus esculentus on dyslipidemia. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for relevant trials published from inception until 11 August 2024. Data analysis was performed using Jamovi software version 2.4.8 and Review Manager (version 5.4), with effect estimates reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The evidence from eight studies with nine treatment arms showed that Abelmoschus esculentus reduces total cholesterol (TC), SMD = −0.53 (95% CI: −1.00 to −0.07), p = 0.025), compared to placebo. Additionally, triglyceride (TG) was reduced in Abelmoschus esculentus compared to placebo, SMD = −0.24 (95% CI: −0.46 to −0.02), p = 0.035. Furthermore, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was also reduced, SMD = −0.35 (95% CI: −0.59 to −0.11), p = 0.004 in Abelmoschus esculentus versus placebo. This remedy substantially increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), SMD = 0.34 (95% CI: 0.07 to 0.61), p = 0.014). Abelmoschus esculentus substantially improved lipid profile in prediabetes, T2D, obesity, and diabetic nephropathy. While the evidence confirms the potential benefits of Abelmoschus esculentus in reducing dyslipidemia, it is important for future clinical studies to standardize the effective dosage for more reliable results. Therefore, future trials should focus on these markers in well-designed trials with sufficient sample sizes. Furthermore, Abelmoschus esculentus can be supplemented to the diet of the relevant populations to alleviate dyslipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity within germplasm holds significant importance in the context of okra breeding programs. However, the limited knowledge regarding the genetic diversity of okra in Palestine poses a challenging obstacle to enhancing the local cultivar. Characterization of Palestinian okra landraces using phenotypic or molecular approaches is limited. Crop characterization usually provides knowledge on diversity within and among crop accessions, which is crucial for breeding efforts and the conservation of germplasm. This study was carried out to evaluate genetic variation in seven okra local landraces. Seven Palestinian okra landraces were grown. DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using 27 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The banding pattern for each primer was scored. The data matrix was created to facilitate cluster analysis employing the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. From the 15 RAPD markers tested, 92 DNA fragments were identified in total, of these fragments, 76% were polymorphic and 24% were monomorphic, in addition, at least two and no more than eleven DNA fragments were identified. The average resolving power recorded was 2.8. The dendrogram derived from RAPD data categorized the genotypes into two primary clusters. Cluster-I consisted of a single genotype (PARC-OKRA-1). In contrast, Cluster-II further subdivided the genotypes into two subclusters, sub-cluster-II.a represented one genotype accession (UB 405-19), and sub-cluster-II.b included five genotypes (UB 457-19, UB 280-15, UB 457-14, UB 280-12, and UB 457-20). The generated similarity matrix indicated that the similarity coefficients among okra genotypes, as determined by 15 RAPD markers, ranged from 0.226 to 0.678. The present study represents the first application of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity within Palestinian okra landraces. The detection of a high level of polymorphism among RAPD markers demonstrated the efficacy of RAPD markers for identifying polymorphism in Palestinian okra genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ubiquitous presence of MPs in water bodies presents an escalating concern, as these minuscule plastic particles could ultimately reach humans via the drinking water supply. This study explores the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of removing PE and PVC MPs using Abelmoschus esculentus seeds (commonly known as okra), a natural and environmentally benign coagulant. Through experiments conducted under varying conditions—such as pH level, coagulant dosage, MP concentration, and EC—using the standard method and a Jar test apparatus, the sedimentation rate was assessed. ZP analysis revealed that charge neutralization and bridging cause pivotal in enhancing the removal efficiency of MPs. FESEM and FTIR analyses corroborated the formation of new bonds during the interaction between the MPs and the okra seed-based coagulant. The findings indicate that the optimal parameters for PVC removal were a coagulant dosage of 70 mg/L, a pH of 10, and an MP concentration of 20 mg/L, achieving a removal efficiency of 80.11%. Conversely, for PE, the maximum removal efficiency of 64.76% was realized at a coagulant dosage of 70 mg/L, a pH of 3, and an MP concentration of 20 mg/L. Abelmoschus esculentus seeds offer a practical and eco-friendly option, potentially substituting chemical coagulants, to efficiently eliminate MPs from aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Salinity is a devastating abiotic stress that poses serious risks to agricultural sustainability and global food security. The yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is adversely affected by salinity stress. The research was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic amendments on the physiological and yield parameters of okra plants under saline conditions. Method: In a pot experiment, okra plants were grown in non-saline and saline (50 mM sodium chloride) soil supplemented with municipal solid waste compost, farmyard manure (FYM), and press mud, each applied individually or in various combinations (Compost + FYM, FYM + Press mud and Compost + Press mud). Results: Salinity stress significantly reduced relative water content, membrane stability index, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, photosynthetic rate, fruit length, fruit diameter, no. of fruits per plant, fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, fruit yield per plant, no. of seeds per pod and 100 seeds weight of okra plants, compared to control. Under saline conditions, 5% (FYM + Press mud) was the most effective treatment in significantly improving stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, no. of fruits per plant, fruit dry weight, and fruit yield per plant of okra, compared to saline soil. Conclusion: Application of 5% (FYM + Press mud) could improve the physiological and yield parameters of okra grown in saline soil (50 mM Sodium chloride) by mitigating adverse effects of salinity and could be used as a cost-effective and bio-rationale approach for alleviation of salinity stress in crops to attain agricultural sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the effects of treated piggery effluent from cassava peel-based biochar-amended constructed wetlands on the growth of the Okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus). A batch-fed pilot-scale Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HSSFCW) planted with Vertiveria zizanioides was operated with a 3-day Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). Four different substrates comprising sharp sand SS, quarry dust QD, sharp sand amended with biochar (SS+B), and quarry dust amended with biochar (QD+B). Using standard procedures, the biochar and piggery effluent were characterized before and after treatment in the HSSFCW. The treated effluents from the four systems were applied to the Okra plant, and growth parameters of Leave area index LAI, Plant height Ph, and stem diameter QD were measured and analyzed for five consecutive weeks. The results show that substrate types have a significant effect on LAI and QD but insignificant for Ph. The highest measured LAI, Ph, and QD were 13.02, 316.7, and 12.3 mm, respectively for SS; 12, 323, and 14 mm for QD, 25, 307 and 14 mm for SS+B and 27, 325 and 17 mm for QD+B. The biochar-amended quarry dust CWs effluent is recommended as the best for the treated effluent irrigation for okra plant cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological variations among collections of okra landraces in order to improve local varieties in Palestine. Eighteen okra accessions from various locations in the West-Bank region were evaluated for morphological variation. Different sixteen morphological traits were used for okra collection evaluation. The results revealed significant differences in seed color, leaf rib color, stem color, branching patterns, and fruit characteristics. Cluster and similarity analysis classified into two main clusters (I and II) with further sub-clusters. Genetic proximity did not strictly align with geographical boundaries, suggesting that factors beyond location influence genetic similarity. Cluster I exhibited greater diversity, with sub-clusters hinting at potential local adaptation. In contrast, Cluster II was smaller and less diverse, implying potentially distinct genetic origins. These findings provide insights for breeding strategies and germplasm conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis examine the effects of okra consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes. Okra is a widely consumed vegetable with potential health benefits, and understanding its impact on metabolic parameters in these populations is important.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to May 2024 in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science to find relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) by using following keyword: (“okra” OR “okras” OR “abelmoschus esculentus”) AND (“intervention” OR “controlled trial” OR “randomized” OR “randomized” OR “randomly” OR “clinical trial” OR “trial” OR “randomized controlled trial” OR “randomized clinical trial” OR “RCT” OR “blinded” OR “placebo” OR “Cross-Over” OR “parallel”). The selected trials were subjected to heterogeneity tests using the I2 statistic. Random effects models were examined based on the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In this meta-analysis, all the analyses were performed by using the STATA version 17 software.ResultsOf the 1,339 papers, nine eligible RCTs were included in the present meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that okra consumption significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) levels (WMD: −14.40 mg/dL; (95% CI: −20.94 to −7.86); p

The influence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) biofabricated with leaf extract of Terminalia catappa for modulating Abelmoschus esculentus characteristics was investigated. The TiO2NPs were characterized to be monoclinic-shaped-crystalline-clustered particles with a characteristic peak at 366 nm and particle size of 75.24 ± 1.12 nm. A. esculentus seeds were grown on soil amended with different concentrations of TiO2NPs and water for 28 days. The TiO2NPs-grown A. esculentus had enhanced germination percentage from 40 to 60%; root length from 15.75 to 23.96 cm; shoot length from 19.40 to 32.20 cm and reduced its perishability by 82.35%. The antioxidant activity and photosynthetic parameters were improved with reduction in malondialdehyde contents by 46.84% in TiO2NPs-grown A. esculentus. The potassium (K) contents were significantly stimulated in the tissues of TiO2NPs-grown A. esculentus. This study has shown that TiO2NPs elicited positive responses in A. esculentus for better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symptoms of infection okra plants (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) with Verticillium wilt were recorded during the summer of 2021 in Beni Suef Governorate specifically in Nasser, Beba, and El-Wasta Counties. The symptoms appeared on the external parts of plants, specifically through the alteration of color in the leaves of infected shoots, which transition from a normal color to a light green or yellow hue, had V-shaped chlorotic lesions, loss their turgidity and eventually desiccation, plant stunting and vascular discoloration. The presence of V. tricorpus on okra has not been previously documented. The isolated fungus was identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular traits by utilizing sequencing techniques applied to the internal transcribed space (ITS region) of the ribosomal RNA gene. The analysis of the fungal sequencing data revealed a substantial genetic similarity and close ties between the fungus in question and V. tricorpus by 99.24–100% identity and 97–100% coverage with several strains of V. tricorpus, including the type strain CBS447.54 (NR_126128). The obtained sequences were submitted to the GenBank database and assigned the accession number MZ936483. Pathogenicity test confirmed that V. tricorpus had pathogenic properties, as shown by the appearance of disease symptoms that were similar to those previously noted on okra plants in the surveyed regions. This observation represents the initial documentation of V. tricorpus in relation to the occurrence of Verticillium wilt disease in okra. However, there is currently no information of host resistance to this disease among Egyptian okra cultivars, although it is essential for sustainable disease management. Our study indicate that cultivar of Balady green is more resistance to Verticillium wilt while the Iranian red cv. is more sensitive to infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The okra crop, cultivated all over the globe, is a source of oil and protein. Despite the economic significance of okra in the livelihoods of millions of small-scale farmers, studies on the nutritional traits of okra are meager. Creating novel hybrid lines with desirable characteristics could be employed to maximize the nutritional quality of the okra plant, precisely the amount of anthocyanin content, phenols, and total antioxidants. We crossed an Egyptian variety, preferably in the market but with low production, with a highly productive Japanese variety with less nutritional value for consumers. The two okra genotypes with their hybrids and 16 segregating populations were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Approximate chemical analyses for primary and secondary metabolites were quantified for each genotype. The analysis of variances indicated a significant variation among okra genotypes in all the physiological and nutritional traits except for ascorbic acid content. Various traits revealed by Principal Component Analysis contributed distinctively to the total variation. Correlation analysis indicated some significant correlations between the nutritional characteristics. Protein contents had a positive and significant correlation with total antioxidant (0.521), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (0.488), proline (0.498), flavonoids (0.474), and saponin (0.536). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Satellite repeats are one of the most rapidly evolving components in eukaryotic genomes and play vital roles in genome regulation, genome evolution, and speciation. As a consequence, the composition, abundance and chromosome distribution of satellite repeats often exhibit variability across various species, genome, and even individual chromosomes. However, we know little about the satellite repeat evolution in allopolyploid genomes. Results: In this study, we investigated the satellite repeat signature in five okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) accessions using genomic and cytogenetic methods. In each of the five accessions, we identified eight satellite repeats, which exhibited a significant level of intraspecific conservation. Through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments, we observed that the satellite repeats generated multiple signals and exhibited variations in copy number across chromosomes. Intriguingly, we found that five satellite repeats were interspersed with centromeric retrotransposons, signifying their involvement in centromeric satellite repeat identity. We confirmed subgenome-biased amplification patterns of these satellite repeats through existing genome assemblies or dual-color FISH, indicating their distinct dynamic evolution in the allotetraploid okra subgenome. Moreover, we observed the presence of multiple chromosomes harboring the 35 S rDNA loci, alongside another chromosomal pair carrying the 5 S rDNA loci in okra using FISH assay. Remarkably, the intensity of 35 S rDNA hybridization signals varied among chromosomes, with the signals predominantly localized within regions of relatively weak DAPI staining, associated with GC-rich heterochromatin regions. Finally, we observed a similar localization pattern between 35 S rDNA and three satellite repeats with high GC content and confirmed their origin in the intergenic spacer region of the 35 S rDNA. Conclusions: Our findings uncover a unique satellite repeat signature in the allotetraploid okra, contributing to our understanding of the composition, abundance, and chromosomal distribution of satellite repeats in allopolyploid genomes, further enriching our understanding of their evolutionary dynamics in complex allopolyploid genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is regarded as a good source of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. It also presents significant antioxidant capabilities, mostly due to its substantial amounts of vitamin C, chlorophyll, β-carotene, and phenolic. However, a high variation in the characteristics and composition of okra fruit has been reported among different harvest stages. Material and methods. Data on physical parameters, nutritional values, content of bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of the "Mai Vang" okra variety cultivated in Vietnam were recorded from 5 to 17 days after flowering at an interval of 2 days. Results. The results demonstrated that quick fruit development occurred between 11 and 17 days, and fruits at this stage were of highest fresh weight, length, diameter, and firmness. However, the okra at the stage of 15 days old had the optimum value of nutritional components (protein and lipid) and bioactive substances (β-carotene and phenolic), as well as antioxidant activity, which is very suitable for processing food products. Conclusion. The findings are useful for understanding the change in physicochemical properties and the accumulation of nutrients and bioactive compounds in okra fruits during maturation. They can also help in identifying the best stage of maturation for the production of healthy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within a species population, the amount of diversification is reflected by its genetic variability as it enumerates the genetical and environmental favour on that population. In terms of this, forty eight okra collections were field investigated in RCB design during 2022 as a summer crop. Significant difference among the collected okra accessions was statistically proven by ANOVA. Per se range for okra traits clarified the elaborate variation for fruit yield and others. As always, GCV was marked as lower than PCV which signalled the error regarding environment. Genetic advance along with heritability was noticed high for most of the traits especially yield and its related components that entrusted the selection of traits on phenotype for new trait based expectations perpetually in okra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The recent trend toward the use of natural functional and medical supplements has motivated the focus on the search and revival of traditional medicinal plant applications for many years. As a valuable dietary crop, okra fruit (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) has been used for thousands of years as a medicinal food. This clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the okra pod capsule as an adjuvant treatment in controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus and provide clinical trial-based evidence about its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: A total of 100 type II diabetic patients, aged between 40 and 60 years, were randomly assigned into two groups of okra and placebo. The first group was administered 1000 mg of powdered okra fruit three times a day for 3 months, while the other group received a placebo capsule with the same dosage. Both groups continued the standard antidiabetic therapy (consisting of metformin and gliclazide, as well as a nutritional regimen). At the start and three months later, various factors were measured, including FBG, insulin, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, CRP, liver and renal function tests, blood pressure, and BMI changes. Results: According to the results, patients who received okra treatment exhibited a significant decrease in FBG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels when compared to both the baseline and the placebo group. Patients in the okra group have lower levels of hs-CRP compared with the placebo group after 3 months of treatment. No liver, kidney, and blood pressure or other side effects were observed in the groups associated with okra treatment. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that adjunctive consumption of okra, in type 2 diabetic patients with 1000 mg three times a day for three months, improves lipid profile, glycemic control, and chronic inflammation without any tangible adverse effects. Clinical Trial Registry: IRCT.Ir (IRCT20120112008712N2). https://www.irct.ir/trial/42042. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saliva is a biological fluid that plays many roles, such as cleansing, lubrication, mucosal integrity, buffering, remineralization, digestion, and antimicrobial activity. Xerostomia is a clinical condition characterized by the sensation of dry mouth. Patients with chronic or temporary dry mouth sensations require treatment to relieve symptoms. Synthesis of artificial saliva is important for this purpose. The as-prepared artificial saliva closely resembled natural saliva. However, locally manufactured salivary substitutes are of porcine origin. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesize saliva from a substance with a quality similar to that of mucin. This study aimed to synthesize artificial saliva using the edible herb, Abelmoschus esculentus. In this study, the minerals and antimicrobial substances present in human saliva were replaced by adding different salts and beneficial components in Abelmoschus esculentus. Viscosity, pH, surface tension, relative density, UV-vis absorbance, FTIR, and wetting time were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Management is the property of Journal of Applied Sciences & Environmental Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Okra is a plant farmed for its pods, leaves, and stems all of which are edible. It is famous for its ability to tolerate long desiccation periods. It belongs to the Malvaceae family and is a sister species to hibiscus, cotton, and cacao plants. Methods. In the current study, okra plants were used as a model to sequence, assemble, and analyze the evolutionary and functional characteristics of the Dicer-like protein gene family (DCL) based on DNAseq and qPCR techniques. Results. Four Dicer-like (DCL) single-copy genes of the okra plant Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (AeDCL) were successfully assembled. The lengths of the AeDCL copies were 8,494, 5,214, 4,731, and 9,329 bp. The detected exons in these samples ranged from a single exon in AeDCL3 to 24 exons in AeDCL4. AeDCLs had five functional domains of two DEAD-like helicase superfamilies, N and C; one Dicer domain; one ribonuclease III domain (a and b); and one double-stranded RNA-binding domain. The PAZ domain was completely annotated only for AeDCL1 and AeDCL3. All AeDCLs were up-regulated under drought conditions, with leaves showing more extensive fold changes than roots. The study focused on a comprehensive genomewide identification and analysis of the DCL gene family in naturally drought-tolerant okra plants, an orphan crop that can be used as a model for further genomic and transcriptomic studies on drought-tolerance mechanisms in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine crop growth specific coefficients for Daily Consumptive Use (CU) and growth stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) and water requirement of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under greenhouse conditions using soil samples from Ibadan, Nigeria, using standard techniques. The Kc values determined over the growing season of Okra were 0.9, 0.85, and 0.7 respectively representing Kc initial, Kc mid-season, and Kc late season, respectively. The observed Kc was validated using relevant statistical methods. The consumptive use (CU) of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was 380.35 mm, while the reference evapotranspiration increased from July to September from 6.32 to 6.72mm/day. The crop factor per month was highest in July, 1.78 and decreased to 1.17 in August, and was the lowest in September, 0.83. It is inferred that the application of growth stage-specific Kc will assist in irrigation management and would serve as a useful guide for precise water applications in greenhouses around the humid tropics.

Background: Acute lung injury is respiratory failure due to various causes. Increased inflammatory and oxidative processes are recognized to play an essential role in the etiology of ARDS. Abelmoschus esculentus is an herbal product used to treat various diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate whether Abelmoschus esculentus has an effect on acute lung injury. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we used the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus esculentus seed. It divided forty male Wistar rats into five equal groups: 1) control, 2) Abelmoschus esculentus, 3) lipopolysaccharide, 4) lipopolysaccharide+Abelmoschus esculentus, and 5) lipopolysaccharide+ Abelmoschus esculentus +dexamethasone groups. Results: In the lipopolysaccharide group, native thiol, total thiol, IL-10, and IFN-ɣ levels significantly changed. Abelmoschus esculentus was effective when used with dexamethasone in increasing native thiol and total thiol values (p=0.008 and p=0.004, respectively). On the other hand, when Abelmoschus esculentus was used alone, it significantly increased IL-10 levels and decreased IFN-ɣ levels in the lipopolysaccharide group (p=0.025 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, improvements were noted in histological findings of alveolar congestion (p=0.006), intra-alveolar hemorrhage (p=0.006), and intra-alveolar macrophages (p=0.001). Conclusion: Abelmoschus esculentus, with its anti-inflammatory effect, may represent a new potential for treating acute lung injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] is a nutrient-rich vegetable crop widely grown in the tropics and subtropics mainly for its edible pods. The haploid technique has been used in plant breeding for the improvements of plants and to develop new varieties in relatively a short time. Hence, we have optimized several factors such as plant growth regulators (PGR), sucrose concentration, cold treatment, type of media and culture conditions for callus induction from the anther and ovary of okra (557 F1 hybrid). Methods: The flower buds of different sizes were collected to determine various stages of development and then subjected to cold pretreatments. The explants were then cultured on various combinations of PGRs i.e., naphthyloxy acetic (NOA), Indole acetic acid (IAA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), Benzyl amino purine (BAP), isopentenyl adenine 2iP, Kinetin (KIN) and Thidiazuron (TDZ). Result: The optimum developmental stage of microspore for callus initiation was achieved from flower buds of okra and its size was about 11 mm long. Flower buds that emerged one week after the flowering showed significantly higher percentage of callus induction. The optimum stage for ovary and ovule culture were one or two days prior to anthesis and the flower buds stage was 35±1mm. In conclusion, our study investigated the effect of several factors that affects callus induction in okra and optimized cultured conditions for future haploid development for okra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Β-sitosterol content was measured first time in different organs of okra. • Bioactive compound contents varied greatly between organs and accessions of okra. • Outstanding accessions with higher levels of bioactive compounds were screened out. • Multivariate analysis of bioactive compounds distinguished and grouped clearly all accessions. • This work provided valuable information on the bioactive compounds in Iranian okra to use in breeding programs. Interest in the bioactive compounds in okra has piqued because of its nutraceuticals, therapeutic properties, and health benefits. Okra has been the subject of several studies, most of which have focused mainly on the properties and concentrations of polyphenols and polysaccharides or their distribution in one organ. Hence, the present study is the first attempt to measure β-sitosterol (BSS) in different organs (leaf, seed, and pod) of 20 accessions of okra commonly cultivated in Iran. Total phenol (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), radical scavenging capacity (AOA), total polysaccharide (TOP), protein content (PT), Total soluble sugar (TSS), proline content (PR), seed oil content, and profile of fatty acids were also assessed. The results indicated that the highest TPC, TFC, and AOA levels were recorded in the A13 (Khorasan Razavi) pods, while TOP, YP, and TSS were highest in A19 (Isfahan) pods. Moreover, PT and BSS levels were highest in A4 seeds from Sistan and Baluchestan. The oil content of okra seed ranged from 22.57% (A3, West Azerbaijan) to 42.30% (A7, Sistan and Baluchestan) among studied accessions. Linoleic acids and palmitic acid were found to be the most abundant fatty acids (42.50% to 52.15% and 27.63% to 31.8%) in all accessions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis confirmed that A19, A13, A4, A7, and A12 are suitable for breeding programs because of their nutritional value, including high polyphenol, oil, linoleic acid, and phytosterol contents. These findings suggest enhancing the exploitation of okra organs such as seeds for oil, PT, and BSS and pods and leaves for TPC, TFC, and TOP and provide valuable information on bioactive compounds in Iranian accessions of okra to use in breeding programs and the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is extensively reported. However, there is still very limited information on the role of these plants as markers of oxidative stress in DM. This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This may reduce reactive oxygen species and further ameliorate oxidative stress in DM. Although the potential benefits of these plants are acknowledged in rodent models, there is still a lack of evidence showing their efficacy against oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we recommend future clinical studies in DM populations, particularly in Africa, to evaluate the potential effects of these plants. Such studies would contribute to enhancing our understanding of the significance of incorporating these plants into dietary practices for the prevention and management of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor that belongs to the benzoylphenyl urea insecticides, is used against pests of vegetables. The dissipation kinetics of novaluron in cowpea, eggplant, and okra was studied in a field trial to determine its safety for use. The fruit samples drawn periodically were extracted and cleaned up using a modified QuEChERS method, and analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass detection. Dissipation of novaluron applied on to fields of cowpea, eggplant, and okra at 100 gram of active ingredient per hectare followed first order kinetics with waiting period of 3.4 − 3.6 days. Processing of novaluron-contaminated fruit with different household methods also reduced the levels of novaluron residues to various extents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty in obtaining commercial fertilizers by smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa makes it very important to optimize the use of local organic resources. In VilanKulo, Mozambique, a study was carried out on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) over two growing seasons. The soil was a haplic, loamy-sand textured Lixisol. As organic amendments, bat guano and biochar were used. Bat guano is a phosphorus (P)-rich and low-carbon (C)/nitrogen (N)-ratio material from natural deposits on a cave floor. Biochar is a C-rich material prepared via an artisanal process using forest residues as a feedstock. Bat guano was applied at two rates (5 and 10 t ha−1) just before sowing. It was also applied at the same rates one month before sowing. Biochar was used at two rates (5 and 10 t ha−1) applied at sowing. Biochar and guano were mixed at the rates of 1 and 4 t ha−1 and 2 and 8 t ha−1, respectively, and applied at sowing. The experiment also used a non-fertilized control. Field trials were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The treatments that received high rates of guano tended to show significantly higher fruit yields (>10 t ha−1 as the two-year average) in comparison with the control, which showed the lowest average okra fruit yield (6.21 t ha−1). In the guano treatments, the apparent recovery by okra of some important nutrients, such as N, was greater than the amount of the nutrient contained in the guano itself. This result, together with many others related to the tissue nutrient concentration, soil properties and residual fertilizing value in guano plots, indicated a strong mineralization of guano during the growing season. This was probably due to its low C/N ratio and favourable environmental conditions for the mineralization process. The result also suggests some kind of manuring effect, i.e., a fertilizing effect of guano beyond what can be explained by the nutrient supply. The use of biochar increased the total organic C in the soil and cation exchange capacity (CEC) compared with the control but did not affect the variables related to plant performance. Overall, the results showed that farmers can benefit from the use of guano in the short term because it releases nutrients, while with the use of biochar, the benefits can arise in the long term by improving the soil properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Monech) belonging to the family Malvaceae which are locally called as bhindi, ladies finger, and considered as one of the important vegetable crop in India followed by Brazil, USA, West Africa, South Africa and Turkey. Its production experiences many abiotic and biotic stresses. Several studies examined on these stresses only at physiological and biochemical level. However, until date there is no information in okra with respect to TFs for abiotic stress and lncRNA on the whole genome scale. The objective of this study was to search for TFs and lncRNA from a comprehensive pooled transcriptome data derived from seedlings (20 days old) stressed with high temperature, high salt and low moisture, and from different parts of okra plant. We have identified 57 675 lncRNA, further classified and validated them. And also documented 112 597 unigenes, and 1281 TFs using comprehensive pooled transcriptome data. The findings of this study will aid in understading the structure of okra genome and the molecular changes in okra during plant growth, development and its response to abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tetranychus neocaledonicus colonizes both cultivated and spontaneous plants. Species such as Phaseolus lunatus, Vigna unguiculata, Abelmoschus esculentus, and Glycine max are listed as hosts to T. neocaledonicus. However, very little is known about the bioecological aspects of this host-T. neocaledonicus interaction. The present study aims to determine the biological aspects (development and survival of immature individuals, reproduction, and fertility life table parameters) of T. neocaledonicus in P. lunatus, V. unguiculata, A. esculentus, and G. max. Individuals of T. neocaledonicus multiplied in laboratory were used on plants of P. lunatus to establish the experiments. To evaluate biological and reproductive parameters, three daily assessments were performed during the immature stages and one assessment during the adult stage. The mean developmental time from egg to adult was recorded. The highest mean was observed in V. unguiculata (13.57 days). Tetranychus neocaledonicus showed the highest fecundity in V. unguiculata, G. max and P. lunatus: 93.75, 93.38, and 79.10 eggs/female and longevity of 43.78, 33.42, and 47.26 days, respectively. Survival rate was above 50% until the 50th day in P. lunatus, 65th day in G. max and V. unguiculata, and 40th day in A. esculentus. The hosts G. max and V. unguiculata provided the highest net reproduction rates (R0) for T. neocaledonicus. The intrinsic rate of increase rm was lower when mites parasitized V. unguiculata and A. esculentus. This also happened for the finite rate of increase (λ). Host plants affect the performance and the biological, population, and reproductive parameters of T. neocaledonicus. Glycine max is the most favorable host for the development and reproduction of T. neocaledonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to assess seed health and the effect of plant extracts on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum mycelial growth and sporulation, plant pathogen reduction in seeds and fusariosis control in okra seedlings. Health was assessed by the Blotter Test, after immersing the seeds in natural extracts and plating. To verify the mycelial growth of the plant pathogen, the extracts were incorporated in PDA culture medium and the pathogen was added and assessed, including the spore count. In the greenhouse, the seeds were immersed in the extracts, sown and at 15 days they were sprayed with extracts, at 21 days inoculated with the pathogen and disease severity on the seedlings was assessed 7 days later. There were higher incidences of Fusarium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer in the seeds of the cultivars Valença and Santa Cruz 47. The extracts that resulted in lower pathogen incidence was basil, in cv. Valença and cinnamon and neem, in cv. Santa Cruz 47. The neem treatment presented the best inhibition percentage and the lowest sporulation mean in mycelial growth of the pathogen. Neem presented higher disease incidence control in the seedlings of cv. Valença and basil on the seedlings of cv. Santa Cruz 47. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is an economically important crop and is known for its slimy juice, which has significant scientific research value. The A. esculentus chloroplast genome has been reported; however, the sequence of its mitochondrial genome is still lacking. Results We sequenced the plastid and mitochondrial genomes of okra based on Illumina short reads and Nanopore long reads and conducted a comparative study between the two organelle genomes. The plastid genome of okra is highly structurally conserved, but the mitochondrial genome of okra has been confirmed to have abundant subgenomic configurations. The assembly results showed that okra’s mitochondrial genome existed mainly in the form of two independent molecules, which could be divided into four independent molecules through two pairs of long repeats. In addition, we found that four pairs of short repeats could mediate the integration of the two independent molecules into one complete molecule at a low frequency. Subsequently, we also found extensive sequence transfer between the two organelles of okra, where three plastid-derived genes (psaA, rps7 and psbJ) remained intact in the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, psbJ, psbF, psbE and psbL were integrated into the mitochondrial genome as a conserved gene cluster and underwent pseudogenization as nonfunctional genes. Only psbJ retained a relatively complete sequence, but its expression was not detected in the transcriptome data, and we speculate that it is still nonfunctional. Finally, we characterized the RNA editing events of protein-coding genes located in the organelle genomes of okra. Conclusions In the current study, our results not only provide high-quality organelle genomes for okra but also advance our understanding of the gene dialogue between organelle genomes and provide information to breed okra cultivars efficiently.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is sensitive to the salinity of water and soil, a common abiotic stress in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil; however, such sensitivity is variable with water management in the soil-plantatmosphere system. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the fertilization with nitrogen-potassium combinations in okra cultivated under salt stress. Photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange, growth and fruit quality were evaluated. Fertilization with N1:K1 (40% N + 40% K2O) reduced the damage caused by salt stress and increased the chlorophyll contents, while the application of N4:K4 (130% N + 100% K2O) decreased the damage caused by salt stress and increased the carotenoid contents. The combination of N:K fertilization did not affect gas exchange, however, salt stress decreased these variables. Fertilization with N2:K2 (70% N + 60% K2O) reduced the damage caused by salt stress and increased the leaf area of okra. In addition, salt stress decreased the number of fruits and increased the fresh mass of okra fruits. The N:K fertilization also reduced the damage caused by salt stress and in the soluble solids content, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. Thus, N:K fertilization can be seen as an important agronomic strategy to improve the performance of okra quality subjected to saline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rice water was selected as the cheapest carbon source for formulating rice water medium in order to optimize biosurfactant synthesis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. • The in vitro and in vivo antifungal efficacy and biocontrol strategy of the biosurfactant against Fusarium wilt of Abelmoschus esculentus were demonstrated. • The identification of the rhl gene, TLC, FT-IR, HPLC, and GC–MS analyses suggested the biosurfactant was rhamnolipid. • The biosurfactant that has been produced will aid in large-scale commercialization and will replace the usage of chemical surfactants in agricultural wastes. Biosurfactants, in comparison to chemical surfactants, have a greater impact on various applications due to their stability, degradability, and other physicochemical characteristics. Increasing yield and lowering production costs are critical to enhancing biosurfactant efficiency. Because biosurfactant production costs are determined by the least expensive substrate, agro-based industrial waste is one of the most promising economic strategies. Therefore, in this study we aimed to achieve the biosurfactant production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by low cost rice medium using Response surface methodology (RSM) and assessed their competence in controlling the Fusarium wilt of Abelmoschus esculentus. Initially, the selected strain P. aeruginosa PBS29 was confirmed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Then, the 20% (v/v) of rice water was chosen as the cheapest carbon source for formulating rice water medium to optimize biosurfactant production using Central Composite Design. Enhanced biosurfactant yield of 9.35 g/l was attained through RSM by 0.59 fold higher than preliminary analysis. The model was significant with a regression coefficient of 0.98. The optimal condition was identified as 1.18% (w/v) nitrogen source [glutamic acid], pH 6.8, temperature at 37.4 °C, 2.5% (v/v) inoculum size, and 167.9 rpm agitation. In-vitro antifungal activity and biocontrol strategy of the biosurfactant demonstrated against Fusarium wilt of Abelmoschus esculentus at 100 μg/ml concentration by both soil drenching and foliar spray by pot trial. Furthermore, the detection of rhl gene, TLC, FT-IR, HPLC and GC–MS analyses suggested that the biosurfactant is rhamnolipid. Overall, in this study, the biosurfactant was synthesized using inexpensive rice water and substantiated its safe use as a biocontrol agent, which will help large-scale commercialization and interchange chemical surfactant used in agricultural wastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is a key enzyme in the glyconeogenesis pathway. The AMP‐activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK‐α) pathway regulates PEPCK, which itself is activated by the AMP/ATP ratio and liver kinase B1 (KB1). The Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench (okra) plant contains a large amount of quercetin that can function as an agonist or an antagonist. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of quercetin flavonoid and A. esculentus extract on the level of AMPK‐α expression and associated metabolic pathways. The findings demonstrate that metformin, quercetin, and okra extract may significantly raise AMPK‐α levels while significantly lowering PEPCK and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) levels, in addition to improving glucose and lipid profiles. By stimulating KB1, these substances increased AMPK‐α activation. Additionally, AMPK‐α activation improved insulin resistance and Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression levels. Since AMPK‐α maintains energy balance and its activity has not been reported to be inhibited so far, it could be a potent therapeutic target. Practical applications: The development of effective AMPK‐α agonists and antagonists holds promise for the treatment of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Dietary polyphenols are a valuable source for developing new drugs. However, due to the lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of their effect on cells, their use in the treatment of diabetes is controversial. In addition to chemicals that have medicinal benefits, chemists are searching for less harmful substances. Using plants containing bioactive chemicals for this purpose can be a good alternative to chemical drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, stable and spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in situ from silver salt (silver nitrate) using the aqueous extract of the okra plant (Abelmoschus esculentus) at room temperature and ambient pH conditions. The influences of different parts of the plant (such as the leaves, stems, and pods) on the chemical-reducing effectiveness of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles were investigated. The aqueous extract of the leaves was found to be more effective in the chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles and in stabilizing them at the same time. The silver nanoparticles produced were stable and did not precipitate even after storage for 1 month. The extract of the stem was less effective in the reduction capacity followed by the extract of the pods. The results indicate that the different amounts of phytochemicals present in the leaves, stems, and pods of the okra plant are responsible for the chemical reduction and stabilizing effect. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 460 nm confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 16 nm and polycrystalline with face-centered cubic (fcc) structures. The z-scan technique was used to study the nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients of AgNPs at wavelengths of 488 and 514 nm under C.W. mode excitation. The nonlinear refraction index and nonlinear absorption coefficients were calculated in the theoretical equations in the experimental data. The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, known as okra, is a common vegetable crop in many diets and serves as a nutrient-rich source. It has a high content of protein, vitamins, minerals and compounds of high medicinal value. India tops in the consumption of pods and ranks first among the worldwide total production. It is now widely cultivated in many countries. Among the factors that hamper okra's marketable fruit yield, insect pests are the major ones. As numerous pests attack vegetables, controlling insect pests is one of the key elements to improve the yield of this crop. A workable approach for improving okra yield is micropropagation. It has been employed for a variety of things, including as large multiplication, inducing somaclonal variation to improve the desirable agronomic traits, maintaining certain genotypes, and genetic modification utilising molecular techniques. In this review, we highlight the most significant research on the micropropagation of okra, which is mediated by a variety of regeneration responses. The media and growth regulators for each of the approaches discussed, we go through how transformation techniques for insect resistance have been made possible via micropropagation. Utilizing this technology might be a workable plan to add genes and enhance particular features. Studying molecular pathways is another option provided by genetic transformation. This offers benefits for developing breeding programmes and optimising field production especially the effective use of CRISPR in genetically diverse lepidopteran insects opened options to study gene functions, insect modification, and pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a tropical annual crop, is a highly perishable vegetable. Okra pods deteriorate rapidly after harvesting. The pods undergo physical and physiological changes that diminish storability and quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of bio-stimulants on the storability and quality of okra pods stored at 4 °C and 25 °C for 12 days. Dipping okra pods for 5 min in a solution of 0.5% ascorbic acid, citric acid, or salicylic acid pre-storage significantly extended the shelf life and preserved the quality of the pods compared to the control condition at 4 °C and 25 °C. Citric acid and ascorbic acid were the most effective in preserving most traits. Citric acid reduced the loss in weight, firmness, appearance, and prevented decay at 4 °C and 25 °C. Ascorbic acid decreased the loss of moisture and the degradation of carbohydrates, vitamin C and lycopene at 4 °C and 25 °C. Salicylic acid decreased the degradation of protein at 25 °C. The low temperature was highly effective in decreasing the loss or degradation of most of the studied traits. Taken together, bio-stimulants and storing at 4 °C played a prominent role in extending the shelf life and preserving the quality of okra pods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses that limit plant growth and yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid in mitigating the effects of salt stress on okra cultivation in a hydroponic system. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, consisting of two experiments. A completely randomized design was adopted in a split-plot scheme, with four levels of electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution—EC (2.1; 3.6; 5.1, and 6.6 dS m−1) considered the plots and four salicylic acid concentrations—SA (0, 1.2; 2.4, and 3.6 mM), the subplots, with four replications. The second experiment differed from the first only by the increase in the EC levels (3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 dS m−1). An increase in the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution negatively affected the physiology and production components of okra. However, foliar application of salicylic acid at concentrations between 1.2 and 2.3 mM reduced the harmful effects of salt stress. The salinity threshold for hydroponic cultivation of okra was 2.54 dS m−1, with a reduction of 7.98% per unit increment in EC above this level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed priming is an efficient, eco-friendly method to overcome the seed hardness that results in reduced and delayed germination in fresh or stored okra seeds. An experiment was carried out at the Zoology Research Lab of JA College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam to determine the impact of potassium silicate priming on the seeds of okra (Raadhika variety) for seed germination and seedling vigour. Five treatments (T1: seed priming with distilled water, T2: seed priming with 0.1% PS, T3: seed priming with 0.2% PS, T4: seed priming with 0.4% PS and T5: not primed) were used in the investigation. Before sowing, seeds of T1 to T4 were soaked for 24 hours and shade-dried for 6 hours with given dose of potassium silicate. The highest seed germination (100%), seed vigour index (848 cm), mean germination rate (3.61 seeds per day), highest shoot length (2.26 cm) and longest root length were all found to be best when priming with T2 (6.22 cm). In comparison to the control (T1) and unprimed conditions, all treatments (T2, T3, and T4) had a significant positive impact on all germination parameters (T5). The study came to the conclusion that priming with potassium silicate improved okra seed vigour and germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous medical disorders are impacted by inflammation. In this study, we aim to evaluate the anti-inflammatory (in silico) activities of selected phenolic compounds identified by HPLC analysis of methanol extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus pods. Cyclooxygenases are recognised to be the primary mediators of prostaglandin production, which are inflammatory indicators and are hence the focus of anti-inflammatory therapy. Numerous crucial physiological processes, including inflammation, immunological responses, cellular development, apoptosis, and the expression of certain viral growth factors, are regulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factors. Thus, it seems possible to treat inflammatory and cancerous disorders by blocking NF-κB induction. In this study, (NF-κB) and (COX-2) receptors are targets for ligands; caffeic acid, vanillic acid and ferulic acid. PyRx was used for the docking using Autodock Vina embedded in MGL Tools 1.5.6. A Drug-likeness test was performed using ADME tools while ProTox II was used to predict toxicity and LD50 of the ligands. The bioactivities were predicted using the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS). According to molecular docking, the phytocompounds gave good binding energies. All identified compounds conformed to Lipinski's Rule of Five (RO5). This showed that the identified A. esculentus compounds will have lower attrition rates during clinical trials and will have a high chance of making it to the market. The current findings suggest that the identified phytocompounds could be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) was done using Abelmoschus esculentus extract as the capping and reducing agent and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) as the selenium source. UV-Vis spectrum confirmed the formation of Se-NPs in the solution. According to the XRD pattern, the average particle size was estimated to be about 30.7 nm. The TEM images shown the spherical shape of Se-NPs. The antimycobacterial effects of Se-NPs were tested against the standard strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) and Mycobacterium simiae isolates. Antibacterial impacts were examined through the usage of resazurin microtiter assay (REMA) against bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were no significant abilities to be reported from the Se-NPs for combating M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. simiae strains. Based on the results, the nanoparticles displayed stronger antibacterial activities towards the Gram-positive bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]