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Consumption of foodstuff with low contents of saturated fatty acids is considered beneficial for human health. Reducing saturated fatty acid content in oilseed rape (canola) and other oil and protein crops is a relevant breeding aim. The objective of this work was to study the genetic variation and inheritance of saturated fatty acids in two DH populations of oilseed rape, to map QTL and to identify candidate genes. In addition, the correlation to other seed quality traits was studied. To this end, two half-sib DH populations were tested in up to five field environments in north-western Europe and seeds harvested from open-pollinated seeds were analyzed. Genotyping was performed using Illumina Brassica 15 K SNP chip. In both populations, significant effects for the genotypes and for the environments were detected, and heritability ranged from 68 to 89% for the predominant palmitic acid and stearic acid content. Up to 48 QTL for different fatty acids, oil and acid detergent lignin (ADL) content were mapped in the two populations. Co-locating QTL for palmitic acid, stearic acid, the C16/18 fatty acid ratio, the FATB/A ratio, oil and ADL content were identified on different chromosomes. A large number of candidate genes were identified within the vicinity of QTL flanking markers. Identification of several co-locating QTL positions, of associated candidate genes and SNP markers should facilitate oilseed rape breeding for low saturated fatty acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]