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1. Best Practices on High Frequency Radar Deployment and Operation for Ocean Current Measurement

Author

Annalisa Griffa, Emma Reyes, Jochen Horstmann, Simone Cosoli, Céline Quentin, Julien Mader, Lorenzo Corgnati, Carlo Mantovani, Jose Luis Asensio, Anna Rubio, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut für Küstenforschung / Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), AZTI - Tecnalia, SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Data management, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, operational oceanography, surface currents, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, remote sensing, law, high frequency radar, best practices, Resource management, 14. Life underwater, Radar, quality control, lcsh:Science, Search and rescue, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, 010505 oceanography, business.industry, End user, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Quality control, 13. Climate action, Software deployment, Systems engineering, lcsh:Q, data management, business, Quality assurance
Abstract

High Frequency Radar (HFR) technology refers to land based remote sensing instruments capable of measuring surface currents and ocean waves at ranges up to 200 km or more. HFR technology is widely acknowledged as a cost-efficient tool to monitor coastal regions and has potential use to monitor coastal regions all over the world. Globally, the number of HFR stations is steadily increasing. Regional networks provide real-time data in support of operational activities such as search and rescue operations, fast response in case of maritime accidents and spill of pollutants, and resource management. Each operator needs a general understanding of the working principles in order to ensure that instruments are managed properly. A set of harmonized quality assurance and quality control procedures is recommended, along with an effective approach to HFR data discovery and dissemination, to provide high quality measurements to the end users. Different documents providing best practices for operation and maintenance have emerged in the past years. They are oriented either to Direction Finding (DF) or Beam Forming (BF) systems, or to specific manufacturer’s radar systems. The main objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive “Best Practices” document in an effort of ensuring consistency between different deployments and harmonized operations of HFR systems. This, regardless of system manufacturer, antenna design and setup. A homogeneous approach is given when possible, general concepts and definitions are introduced in order to provide a framework for both data processing and management steps. Examples are also given from the European HFR users with focus on Near Real Time data flow suitable for operational services.

Published
2020
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2. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4

Author

Karina von Schuckmann, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Neville Smith, Ananda Pascual, Samuel Djavidnia, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Marilaure Grégoire, Glenn Nolan, Signe Aaboe, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Lotfi Aouf, Roland Aznar, T. H. Badewien, Arno Behrens, Maristella Berta, Laurent Bertino, Jeremy Blackford, Giorgio Bolzon, Federica Borile, Marine Bretagnon, Robert J.W. Brewin, Donata Canu, Paola Cessi, Stefano Ciavatta, Bertrand Chapron, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Boriana Chtirkova, Stefania Ciliberti, James R. Clark, Emanuela Clementi, Clément Combot, Eric Comerma, Anna Conchon, Giovanni Coppini, Lorenzo Corgnati, Gianpiero Cossarini, Sophie Cravatte, Marta de Alfonso, Clément de Boyer Montégut, Christian De Lera Fernández, Francisco Javier de los Santos, Anna Denvil-Sommer, Álvaro de Pascual Collar, Paulo Alonso Lourenco Dias Nunes, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Owen Embury, Pierpaolo Falco, Odile Fanton d’Andon, Luis Ferrer, David Ford, H. Freund, Manuel García León, Marcos García Sotillo, José María García-Valdecasas, Philippe Garnesson, Gilles Garric, Florent Gasparin, Marion Gehlen, Ana Genua-Olmedo, Gerhard Geyer, Andrea Ghermandi, Simon A. Good, Jérôme Gourrion, Eric Greiner, Annalisa Griffa, Manuel González, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Stéphane Isoard, John J. Kennedy, Susan Kay, Anton Korosov, Kaari Laanemäe, Peter E. Land, Thomas Lavergne, Paolo Lazzari, Jean-François Legeais, Benedicte Lemieux, Bruno Levier, William Llovel, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Vidar S. Lien, Leonardo Lima, Pablo Lorente, Julien Mader, Marcello G. Magaldi, Ilja Maljutenko, Antoine Mangin, Carlo Mantovani, Veselka Marinova, Simona Masina, Elena Mauri, J. Meyerjürgens, Alexandre Mignot, Robert McEwan, Carlos Mejia, Angélique Melet, Milena Menna, Benoît Meyssignac, Alexis Mouche, Baptiste Mourre, Malte Müller, Giulio Notarstefano, Alejandro Orfila, Silvia Pardo, Elisaveta Peneva, Begoña Pérez-Gómez, Coralie Perruche, Monika Peterlin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Nadia Pinardi, Yves Quilfen, Urmas Raudsepp, Richard Renshaw, Adèle Révelard, Emma Reyes-Reyes, M. Ricker, Pablo Rodríguez-Rubio, Paz Rotllán, Eva Royo Gelabert, Anna Rubio, Inmaculada Ruiz-Parrado, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jun She, Cosimo Solidoro, Emil V. Stanev, Joanna Staneva, Andrea Storto, Jian Su, Tayebeh Tajalli Bakhsh, Gavin H. Tilstone, Joaquín Tintoré, Cristina Toledano, Jean Tournadre, Benoit Tranchant, Rivo Uiboupin, Arnaud Valcarcel, Nadezhda Valcheva, Nathalie Verbrugge, Mathieu Vrac, J.-O. Wolff, Enrico Zambianchi, O. Zielinski, Ann-Sofie Zinck, Serena Zunino, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LIM/UPC - Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), von Schuckmann K., Le Traon P.-Y., Smith N., Pascual A., Djavidnia S., Gattuso J.-P., Gregoire M., Nolan G., Aaboe S., Fanjul E.A., Aouf L., Aznar R., Badewien T.H., Behrens A., Berta M., Bertino L., Blackford J., Bolzon G., Borile F., Bretagnon M., Brewin R.J.W., Canu D., Cessi P., Ciavatta S., Chapron B., Trang Chau T.T., Chevallier F., Chtirkova B., Ciliberti S., Clark J.R., Clementi E., Combot C., Comerma E., Conchon A., Coppini G., Corgnati L., Cossarini G., Cravatte S., de Alfonso M., de Boyer Montegut C., De Lera Fernandez C., de los Santos F.J., Denvil-Sommer A., de Pascual Collar A., Dias Nunes P.A.L., Di Biagio V., Drudi M., Embury O., Falco P., d'Andon O.F., Ferrer L., Ford D., Freund H., Leon M.G., Sotillo M.G., Garcia-Valdecasas J.M., Garnesson P., Garric G., Gasparin F., Gehlen M., Genua-Olmedo A., Geyer G., Ghermandi A., Good S.A., Gourrion J., Greiner E., Griffa A., Gonzalez M., Hernandez-Carrasco I., Isoard S., Kennedy J.J., Kay S., Korosov A., Laanemae K., Land P.E., Lavergne T., Lazzari P., Legeais J.-F., Lemieux B., Levier B., Llovel W., Lyubartsev V., Lien V.S., Lima L., Lorente P., Mader J., Magaldi M.G., Mangin A., Maljutenko I., Mantovani C., Marinova V., Masina S., Mauri E., Meyerjurgens J., Mignot A., McEwan R., Mejia C., Melet A., Menna M., Meyssignac B., Mouche A., Mourre B., Muller M., Notarstefano G., Pardo S., Orfila A., Peneva E., Perez-Gomez B., Perruche C., Peterlin M., Poulain P.-M., Pinardi N., Quilfen Y., Raudsepp U., Renshaw R., Revelard A., Reyes-Reyes E., Ricker M., Rodriguez-Rubio P., Rotllan P., Gelabert E.R., Rubio A., Ruiz-Parrado I., Sathyendranath S., She J., Solidoro C., Stanev E.V., Staneva J., Storto A., Su J., Bakhsh T.T., Tilstone G.H., Tintore J., Toledano C., Tournadre J., Tranchant B., Uiboupin R., Valcarcel A., Valcheva N., Verbrugge N., Vrac M., Wolff J.-O., Zambianchi E., Zielinski O., and Zunino S.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Public administration, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, State (polity), Political science, 14. Life underwater, CMEMS, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Copernicus, media_common, Service (business), [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 010505 oceanography, Meteorologia marítima, Marine meteorology--Europe, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidràulica, marítima i sanitària::Ports i costes [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ocean state report, Copernicus Marine Service, Environment policy
Abstract

Editors: Karina von Schuckmann; Pierre-Yves Le Traon.-- Review Editors: Neville Smith (Chair); Ananda Pascual; Samuel Djavidnia; Jean-Pierre Gattuso; Marilaure Grégoire; Glenn Nolan., The authors would like to thank the Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) for providing data. Thanks are due to FCT/MCTES for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/2019), through national funds., Chapter 1: Introduction and the European Environment policy framework.-- CMEMS OSR4, Chapter 2: State, variability and change in the ocean.-- CMEMS OSR4, Chapter 3: Case studies.-- CMEMS OSR4, Chapter 4: Specific events 2018.

Published
2020
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3. Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3

Author

Karina von Schuckmann, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Neville Smith (Chair), Ananda Pascual, Samuel Djavidnia, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Marilaure Grégoire, Glenn Nolan, Signe Aaboe, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Lotfi Aouf, Roland Aznar, T. H. Badewien, Arno Behrens, Maristella Berta, Laurent Bertino, Jeremy Blackford, Giorgio Bolzon, Federica Borile, Marine Bretagnon, Robert J.W. Brewin, Donata Canu, Paola Cessi, Stefano Ciavatta, Bertrand Chapron, Thi Tuyet Trang Chau, Frédéric Chevallier, Boriana Chtirkova, Stefania Ciliberti, James R. Clark, Emanuela Clementi, Clément Combot, Eric Comerma, Anna Conchon, Giovanni Coppini, Lorenzo Corgnati, Gianpiero Cossarini, Sophie Cravatte, Marta de Alfonso, Clément de Boyer Montégut, Christian De Lera Fernández, Francisco Javier de los Santos, Anna Denvil-Sommer, Álvaro de Pascual Collar, Paulo Alonso Lourenco Dias Nunes, Valeria Di Biagio, Massimiliano Drudi, Owen Embury, Pierpaolo Falco, Odile Fanton d'Andon, Luis Ferrer, David Ford, H. Freund, Manuel García León, Marcos García Sotillo, José María García-Valdecasas, Philippe Garnesson, Gilles Garric, Florent Gasparin, Marion Gehlen, Ana Genua-Olmedo, Gerhard Geyer, Andrea Ghermandi, Simon A. Good, Jérôme Gourrion, Eric Greiner, Annalisa Griffa, Manuel González, Ismael Hernández-Carrasco, Stéphane Isoard, John J. Kennedy, Susan Kay, Anton Korosov, Kaari Laanemäe, Peter E. Land, Thomas Lavergne, Paolo Lazzari, Jean-François Legeais, Benedicte Lemieux, Bruno Levier, William Llovel, Vladyslav Lyubartsev, Vidar S. Lien, Leonardo Lima, Pablo Lorente, Julien Mader, Marcello G. Magaldi, Ilja Maljutenko, Antoine Mangin, Carlo Mantovani, Veselka Marinova, Simona Masina, Elena Mauri, J. Meyerjürgens, Alexandre Mignot, Robert McEwan, Carlos Mejia, Angélique Melet, Milena Menna, Benoît Meyssignac, Alexis Mouche, Baptiste Mourre, Malte Müller, Giulio Notarstefano, Alejandro Orfila, Silvia Pardo, Elisaveta Peneva, Begoña Pérez-Gómez, Coralie Perruche, Monika Peterlin, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Nadia Pinardi, Yves Quilfen, Urmas Raudsepp, Richard Renshaw, Adèle Révelard, Emma Reyes-Reyes, M. Ricker, Pablo Rodríguez-Rubio, Paz Rotllán, Eva Royo Gelabert, Anna Rubio, Inmaculada Ruiz-Parrado, Shubha Sathyendranath, Jun She, Cosimo Solidoro, Emil V. Stanev, Joanna Staneva, Andrea Storto, Jian Su, Tayebeh Tajalli Bakhsh, Gavin H. Tilstone, Joaquín Tintoré, Cristina Toledano, Jean Tournadre, Benoit Tranchant, Rivo Uiboupin, Arnaud Valcarcel, Nadezhda Valcheva, Nathalie Verbrugge, Mathieu Vrac, J.-O. Wolff, Enrico Zambianchi, O. Zielinski, Ann-Sofie Zinck, Serena Zunino, Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Laboratoire d’Oéanographie Spatiale [Plouzané] (LOS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute, SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Organismo publico puertos del estado, Université de Liège, Météo France, Met Office Climate Research Division, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut National des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer (INSTM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Deltares system (NETHERLANDS), Deltares system, ARGANS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Napoli] (CNR), AZTI - Tecnalia, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Universitat de Girona [Girona], Universitat de Girona (UdG), Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna] (CMCC), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Napoli] (ISMAR-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Atlanta], Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Parc Naturel Régional de Corse, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Rijkswaterstaat [Delft], ACRI, acri, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Incheon National University, Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Gothenburg (GU), Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development, University of the South Pacific (USP), Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM), Inst Ciencias Mar, Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Marine Ecosystems Modeling and Monitoring by Satellites (MEMMS), CLS, Departament d'Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Loughborough University, AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research Division), AZTI-Tecnalia, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Departament d'Oceanografía Física, Institut de Ciències del Mar, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Sistema d’observació i predicció costaner de les Illes Balears (.) (SOCIB), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Catalytic Spectroscopy Laboratory (CSIC), Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology (TalTech), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Animal Biology (Institute for Research on Biodiversity (IRBio)), University of Barcelona, Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer [Salammbô] (INSTM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Deltares [The Netherlands], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Zagreb], Faculty of Science [Zagreb], University of Zagreb-University of Zagreb, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, variability, HF radar, 010505 oceanography, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, salinity, 12. Responsible consumption, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The fundamental role of the ocean for life and well-being on Earth is more and more recognised at the highest political level. In 2015, the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development were adopted by world leaders. The SDG 14 ‘Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development’ is dedicated to the oceans. The mention of the ocean in the Paris Agreement signed in 2016 marked a decisive milestone. In 2018, the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) has been proclaimed (https://en.unesco.org/ocean-decade): The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO will gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework to foster evidence-based policy-making. In fall 2019, the IPCC special report on ocean and cryosphere will be published, and will provide an opportunity to increase awareness and action before COP251 (already claimed as ‘Blue COP’).

Published
2019
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4. The Global High Frequency Radar Network

Author

Charles-Antoine Guérin, Jian-Wu Lai, Siriluk Prukpitikul, Kevin Bartlett, Annalisa Griffa, Peter Rogowski, Simone Cosoli, Brian Whitehouse, Thomas Cook, Carlo Mantovani, Lisa Hazard, Emma Reyes, Eric Terrill, John L. Largier, Enrique Álvarez Fanjul, Mark Otero, Julien Mader, Jack Harlan, Birgit Hansen, Sang Ho Lee, Jorge Sanchez, Stephan T. Grilli, Lorenzo Corgnati, Scott Glenn, Pablo Lorente, Doug George, Kelly Johanna Saavedra-Matta, Lucy R. Wyatt, Anna Rubio, Naoto Ebuchi, X. Flores-Vidal, Hugh Roarty, Dept Ecol Evol Biol, Univ California SC (EEB-UCSC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield] (SoMaS), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Organismo publico puertos del estado, AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Genova] (ISMAR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), SOCIB Balearic Islands Coastal Ocean Observing and Forecasting System, Organismo P\'{u}blico Puertos del Estado (PdE), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Xerox Research Centre Europe [Meylan], Xerox Company, Royal School of Library and Information Science (RSLIS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Rhode Island (URI), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, remote sensing, high frequency radar, ocean currents, waves, tsunami, boundary currents, ocean observing system, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 14. Life underwater, Radar, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Coastal hazards, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean current, Data sharing, Ocean dynamics, Ocean surface topography, 13. Climate action, Remote sensing (archaeology), Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Group on Earth Observations
Abstract

Academic, government, and private organizations from around the globe have established High Frequency radar (hereinafter, HFR) networks at regional or national levels. Partnerships have been established to coordinate and collaborate on a single global HFR network (http://global-hfradar.org/ ). These partnerships were established in 2012 as part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) to promote HFR technology and increase data sharing among operators and users. The main product of HFR networks are continuous maps of ocean surface currents within 200 km of the coast at high spatial (1-6 km) and temporal resolution (hourly or higher). Cutting-edge remote sensing technologies are becoming a standard component for ocean observing systems, contributing to the paradigm shift towards ocean monitoring. In 2017 the Global HFR Network was recognized by the Joint Technical WMO-IOC Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) as an observing network of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). In this paper we will discuss the development of the network as well as establishing goals for the future. The U.S. High Frequency Radar Network (HFRNet) has been in operation for over thirteen years, with radar data being ingested from 31 organizations including measurements from Canada and Mexico. HFRNet currently holds a collection from over 150 radar installations totaling millions of records of surface ocean velocity measurements. During the past 10 years in Europe, HFR networks have been showing steady growth with over 60 stations currently deployed and many in the planning stage. In Asia and Oceania countries, more than 110 radar stations are in operation. HFR technology can be found in a wide range of applications: for marine safety, oil spill response, tsunami warning, pollution assessment, coastal zone management, tracking environmental change, numerical model simulation of 3-dimensional circulation, and research to generate new understanding of coastal ocean dynamics, depending mainly on each country's coastal sea characteristics. These radar networks are examples of national inter-agency and inter-institutional partnerships for improving oceanographic research and operations. As global partnerships grow, these collaborations and improved data sharing enhances our ability to respond to regional, national, and global environmental and management issues.

Published
2019
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5. Observed and modeled surface Lagrangian transport between coastal regions in the Adriatic Sea with implications for marine protected areas

Author

Annalisa Griffa, Paolo Celentano, Giuseppe Suaria, Lorenzo Corgnati, Lucio Bellomo, Anne Molcard, Enrico Zambianchi, Daniel F. Carlson, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Carlo Mantovani, Mireno Borghini, Marcello G. Magaldi, Aniello Russo, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Adriatic Sea, Complex topography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, ROMS, Ocean gyre, Marine protected areas, 14. Life underwater, West coast, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sirocco, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Particle tracking, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Surface Lagrangian transport, 15. Life on land, Surface drifters, Current (stream), Drifter, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, symbols, Marine protected area, Lagrangian
Abstract

Surface drifters and virtual particles are used to investigate transport between seven coastal regions in the central and southern Adriatic Sea to estimate the degree to which these regions function as a network. Alongshore coastal currents and cyclonic gyres are the primary circulation features that connected regions in the Adriatic Sea. The historical drifter observations span 25 years and, thus, provide estimates of transport between regions realized by the mean surface circulation. The virtual particle trajectories and a dedicated drifter experiment show that southeasterly Sirocco winds can drive eastward cross-Adriatic transport from the Italian coast near the Gargano Promontory to the Dalmatian Islands in Croatia. Southeasterly winds disrupt alongshore transport on the west coast. Northwesterly Mistral winds enhanced east-to-west transport and resulted in stronger southeastward coastal currents in the western Adriatic current (WAC) and export to the northern Ionian Sea. The central Italian regions showed strong connections from north to south, likely realized by alongshore transport in the WAC. Alongshore, downstream transport was weaker on the east coast, likely due to the more complex topography introduced by the Dalmatian Islands of Croatia. Cross-Adriatic connection percentages were higher for east-to-west transport. Cross-Adriatic transport, in general, occurred via the cyclonic sub-gyres, with westward (eastward) transport observed in the northern (southern) arms of the central and southern gyres. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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6. Biodiversity conservation: an example of a multidisciplinary approach to marine dispersal

Author

A. Vetrano, Alessandra Conversi, Mireno Borghini, Marcello G. Magaldi, Daniel F. Carlson, Stefano Aliani, Simone Marini, Luca Mazzei, Carlo Mantovani, Giuseppe Suaria, Lorenzo Corgnati, Maristella Berta, and Annalisa Griffa

Subjects
Connectivity, Sustainable management of the Mediterranean, Ecology, Ocean model and measurements, Species distribution, Biodiversity, Plankton, Physical-biological coupling, Water column, Oceanography, Physical–biological coupling, Propagule, Marine debris, Marine protected areas, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Biological dispersal, Environmental science, Marine protected area, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

The general aim of this paper is to present a possible multidisciplinary approach to the problem of connectivity among marine protected areas (MPAs) describing some of the mechanisms and vectors that control the dispersal of propagules among spatially distributed marine communities of MPAs in the Southern Adriatic Sea. A joint approach is described that focuses on (a) measurements of surface water current and model data integrated with a dedicated software (LAVA, LAgrangian Variational Analysis), (b) measurements of rafting objects and their evaluation as an alternative way to species dispersal, and (c) a tool to automatically monitor propagules and plankton species in the water column. Studies on the dynamics of water currents demonstrated that the Gargano area has the potential to supply dispersal propagules to the Southern Adriatic both along the Italian coastline and offshore across the basin, thus providing important services to the dispersal processes and the connectivity routes among MPAs. The natural dispersion is however enhanced by floating objects, on which entire marine communities are living and travelling. The number of these objects has greatly increased with the introduction of human litter: in the Adriatic, man-made litter composes nowadays the majority (79 %) of all floating objects, with this corresponding to an almost fourfold increase in the abundance of floating objects since pre-industrial times. Such enhanced dispersion may benefit transmission of propagules from MPAs along biodiversity corridors, but may also enhance the arrival of invasive species. The direct observation of organisms can provide information on the species distribution and mobility. New technology (GUARD-1 system) has been developed to automatically identify spatial or temporal distributions of selected species in the water column by image analysis. The system has so far successfully detected blooms of ctenophores in the water column and is now being tested for identification of other zooplankton groups, such as copepods, as well as marine litter. This low-cost, long-lasting imaging system can be hosted on mobile devices such as drifters, which makes it very suitable for biological dispersal studies.

Published
2014
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7. HF Radar Activity in European Coastal Seas: Next Steps toward a Pan-European HF Radar Network

Author

Ingrid Puillat, Antonio Novellino, Lucy R. Wyatt, Annalisa Griffa, Carlo Mantovani, Anna Rubio, Julien Mader, Pablo Lorente, Lorenzo Corgnati, Jochen Horstmann, Angélique Melet, Michael Hartnett, Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth, Céline Quentin, Enrico Zambianchi, Vassilis Zervakis, Carlos Fernandes, Patrick Gorringe, AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division, Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), ETT, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), School of Mathematics and Statistics [Sheffield] (SoMaS), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Institut für Küstenforschung / Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Organismo P\'{u}blico Puertos del Estado (PdE), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare [Rome, Italie] (CoNISma), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Portuguese Hydrographic Institute, University of the Aegean, Eurogoos, Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, operational oceanography, radar remote sensing, surface currents, Operational oceanography, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Data assimilation, law, Hfr cell, coastal observing systems, high frequency radar, Marine Science, 14. Life underwater, Radar, data assimilation, Integrated management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Global and Planetary Change, Coastal observing systems, High frequency radar, Model assessment, Radar remote sensing, Surface currents, Surface waves, 010505 oceanography, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ocean current, model assessment, Radar network, surface waves, Remote sensing (archaeology), Environmental science, business
Abstract

International audience; High Frequency Radar (HFR) is a land-based remote sensing instrument offering a unique insight to coastal ocean variability, by providing synoptic, high frequency and high resolution data at the ocean atmosphere interface. HFRs have become invaluable tools in the field of operational oceanography for measuring surface currents, waves and winds, with direct applications in different sectors and an unprecedented potential for the integrated management of the coastal zone. In Europe, the number of HFR networks has been showing a significant growth over the past 10 years, with over 50 HFRs currently deployed and a number in the planning stage. There is also a growing literature concerning the use of this technology in research and operational oceanography. A big effort is made in Europe toward a coordinated development of coastal HFR technology and its products within the framework of different European and international initiatives. One recent initiative has been to make an up-to-date inventory of the existing HFR operational systems in Europe, describing the characteristics of the systems, their operational products and applications. This paper offers a comprehensive review on the present status of European HFR network, and discusses the next steps toward the integration of HFR platforms as operational components of the European Ocean Observing System, designed to align and integrate Europe’s ocean observing capacity for a truly integrated end-to-end observing system for the European coasts.

Published
2017
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8. Toward an integrated HF radar network in the Mediterranean Sea to improve search and rescue and oil spill response: the TOSCA project experience

Author

Annalisa Griffa, A. Vetrano, Lucio Bellomo, Pierre-Marie Poulain, P. Guterman, Aránzazu Lana, Mireno Borghini, Juan Manuel Sayol, Maristella Berta, Pierpaolo Falco, Céline Quentin, Zoi Kokkini, Q. Dagneaux, Alejandro Orfila, Joel Gaggelli, Riccardo Gerin, Enrico Zambianchi, Anne Molcard, Antonio Bussani, Lorenzo Corgnati, Ioannis Mamoutos, Yves Barbin, Carlo Mantovani, Marcello G. Magaldi, Alkiviadis Kalampokis, Simone Cosoli, Vassilis Zervakis, Didier Mallarino, Julien Marmain, Joaquín Tintoré, Marco Uttieri, Emmanuel Potiris, A. Mazzoldi, Ilaria Iermano, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università Napoli, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Laboratoire de sondages électromagnétiques de l'environnement terrestre (LSEET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Image, de l'Informatique et de la Télédétection (LSIIT), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare [Rome, Italie] (CoNISma), University of the Aegean, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISma), European Commission, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Meteorology, RADIOFREQUENCY INTERFERENCE, OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY, Oceanography, Electromagnetic interference, law.invention, OCEAN SURFACE CURRENTS, HIGH-FREQUENCY RADAR, DRIFTER DATA, Mediterranean sea, law, Software deployment, HF radar, network, Mediterranean, TOSCA, Range (aeronautics), CURRENT METERS, Ecosystem management, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Radar, Radar configurations and types, Search and rescue, Remote sensing
Abstract

Lucio Bellomo et al., High-frequency (HF) coastal radars measure current velocity at the ocean surface with a 30-100 km range and 1-3 km resolution, every 0.25-1 h. HF radars are well suited to many applications, such as search and rescue (SaR), oil-spill mitigation and ecosystem management. Here we present a first organized core of 12 HF radars installed in five sites in four countries (Greece, Italy, France and Spain) within the European MED project, the Tracking Oil Spill and Coastal Awareness (TOSCA) network. Dedicated experiments tested radar capabilities to estimate transport driven by currents, which is the key feature for all the above applications. Experiments involved the deployment of drifters, i.e., floating buoys, acting as proxies for substances passively advected by currents. Using HF radars the search range is reduced by a factor of 1.6 to 5.3 after 24 h. The paper also underlines the importance of sharing common tools for HF radar data processing and the need to mitigate radio frequency interference. The effort can be regarded as an initial step toward the creation of a Mediterranean or European HF radar network, crucial for any European integrated ocean observing system (IOOS)., This work was supported by the Tracking Oil Spills and Coastal Awareness (TOSCA) Network project [grant number 2G-MED09-425], co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the MED programme

Published
2015
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