Author: "Christophe Migon" / Topic: oceanography - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Impact of Intermittent Convection in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea on Oxygen Content, Nutrients, and the Carbonate System

Author: Marine Fourrier, Laurent Coppola, Fabrizio D’Ortenzio, Christophe Migon, and Jean‐Pierre Gattuso
Subjects: Geophysics, nutrients, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, dissolved oxygen, Mediterranean Sea, Argo floats, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), carbonate system, neural networks, Oceanography
Abstract: Using Argo profiling floats, cruises and mooring data, we reconstructed the dissolved oxygen (O2) dynamics in the Gulf of Lion and the Ligurian Sea, with a focus on the intermediate waters. By applying the CANYON-MED neural network-based method on the large network of O2-equipped Argo floats we derived nutrients and carbonate system variables in the Gulf of Lion and the Ligurian Sea at different depths in the water column and derived trends over the 2012-2020 period. In these waters, the O2 minimum is strongly affected by the intermittent convection process, and the two areas show dissimilar responses to the mixing events. In the absence of deep convection events, the O2-depleted layer tends to spread vertically and intensify even more so in the Ligurian than in the Gulf of Lion. In both areas, over the 2012-2020 period, nutrients increase overall in deep layers, with a concomitant impact on nutrient molar ratios tending towards an increase in P-limitation. Acidification estimates derived in different layers of the water column show an overall increase in dissolved inorganic carbon and a concurrent pH decrease. These trends were strongly affected by convection events slowing down the overall acidification trend. Key Points In the absence of deep convection events, the O2-depleted layer spreads vertically and intensifies more in the Ligurian than Gulf of Lion. Nutrients increase in deep and to a lesser extent in intermediate waters with a decoupling between nitrate and phosphate trends. Dissolved inorganic carbon increases in intermediate and deep waters with a concurrent pH decrease over the period of study, 2012-2020. Plain Language Summary Using multiple observation platforms such as Argo profiling floats (autonomous, free-floating instruments equipped with sensors and profiling regularly in the first 2000 m of the water column), cruises on oceanographic vessels, and moorings (fixed position stations), we reconstructed the dissolved oxygen (O2) dynamics in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The intermediate waters are characterized by an O2 minimum strongly affected by the intermittent convection process (due to winter forcings and density changes, mixing of water masses occurs over the water column). We also derived nutrients and carbonate system variables (related to acidification) from a neural network methodology developed for the Mediterranean Sea, CANYON-MED, applied to Argo floats equipped with O2 sensors in different layers of the water column. Over the 2012-2020 period, the derived trends show an overall increase of nutrients in deep layers, with an impact on nutrient limitations. Acidification estimates show an overall acidification. These trends were strongly affected by convection events.
Published: 2022
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2. Carbon stable isotope ratio as a revealer of incomplete decarbonation for particulate organic carbon measurement in river plumes

Author: Sabine Marty, Aurélie Dufour, David Doxaran, Thierry Blasco, Christophe Migon, Guillaume Morin, Nathalie Vigier, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Hydrochloric acid, River plumes, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Suspension (chemistry), Blue carbon, chemistry.chemical_compound, Total inorganic carbon, Decarbonation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Organic carbon, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Suspended sediments, Mineral, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 13 C, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Environmental chemistry, Estuaries, Carbon, Geology
Abstract: The characterization of particles in suspension in river plumes contributes to the assessment of net particulate organic carbon (POC) fluxes and to a better understanding of the anthropogenic and climatic impact on blue carbon. Prior to POC analysis in natural waters, inorganic carbon (in the form of carbonates) must be removed. This step is generally carried out by acid leaching. However, the presence of mineral matrices (in turbid waters) may hinder total decarbonation, which may result in biased measurements. This work checks the quality of decarbonation through the analysis of carbon stable isotope ratio (δ13C), considering suspended particles discharged by three rivers into coastal waters under flooding conditions. Carbonates were removed by adding variable volumes of 2N hydrochloric acid (HCl) to filters. Carbon concentrations and stable isotopic ratios were analyzed. Values of δ13Corg (stable isotope ratio of organic carbon) allow the identification of incompletely decarbonated samples. If a small amount of detrital carbonates resists the usual decarbonation treatment, δ13Corg can be significantly shifted towards less negative values, suggesting the need of more efficient decarbonation methods in order to improve the accuracy of organic carbon measurements. Even in the case of a high Corg/Ctotal ratio, the impact of remaining carbonates on the δ13Corg value is strong because δ13Cinorg is significantly different. The sensitivity of δ13Corg measurement might therefore be used to validate POC measurements in estuarine and coastal waters.
Published: 2021
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3. A Biogeochemical Approach to Contamination of the Ligurian Sea

Author: Daniel Cossa, Scott W. Fowler, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Aurélie Dufour, Christophe Migon, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Environmental science, 010501 environmental sciences, Contamination, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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4. Seasonal variability of nutrient concentrations in the <scp>M</scp> editerranean <scp>S</scp> ea: Contribution of <scp>B</scp> io‐ <scp>A</scp> rgo floats

Author: Romain Serra, Antoine Poteau, Edouard Leymarie, Vincent Taillandier, Antoine Mangin, Hervé Claustre, Louis Marie Prieur, Aurélie Dufour, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Florent Besson, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Christophe Migon, Héloïse Lavigne, Catherine Schmechtig, Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà, Grigor Obolensky, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, Mesoscale meteorology, Subtropics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, Nitrate, nutrients, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mediterranean Sea, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Temperate climate, 14. Life underwater, Argo, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, mesoscale, calibration, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, profiling floats, Climatology, seasonal cycle, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In 2013, as part of the French NAOS (Novel Argo Oceanic observing System) program, five profiling floats equipped with nitrate sensors (SUNA-V2) together with CTD and bio-optical sensors were deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. At present day, more than 500 profiles of physical and biological parameters were acquired, and significantly increased the number of available nitrate data in the Mediterra-nean Sea. Results obtained from floats confirm the general view of the basin, and the well-known west-to-east gradient of oligotrophy. At seasonal scale, the north western Mediterranean displays a clear temperate pattern sustained by both deep winter mixed layer and shallow nitracline. The other sampled areas follow a subtropical regime (nitracline depth and mixed layer depth are generally decoupled). Float data also permit to highlight the major contribution of high-frequency processes in controlling the nitrate supply during winter in the north western Mediterranean Sea and in altering the nitrate stock in subsurface in the eastern basin.
Published: 2015
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5. Temporal variability of dissolved trace metals at the DYFAMED time-series station, Northwestern Mediterranean

Author: Aurélie Dufour, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Jean-Francois Chiffoleau, Christophe Migon, Daniel Cossa, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seasonal variation, Stratification (water), chemistry.chemical_element, Mediterranean, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean sea, Adsorption, Trace metals, Environmental Chemistry, Open water, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Chemistry, Nickel, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Aeolian processes, Cobalt
Abstract: We present here results of an 18-month survey (July 2007–March 2009) of a suite of selected trace metals (TM: Co, Ni, Cu, Pb) in a 2350 m-deep offshore water column in the Ligurian Sea (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea). This low-nutrient low-chlorophyll region is characterised by a long stratification period (May–November) during which surface waters are depleted of macronutrients. Trace metals exhibit a range of biogeochemical behaviours from surface-enriched (scavenged-type) to surface-depleted (nutrient-like) with Co and Ni as representative cases. Cobalt (28–172 pM) distributions are governed by external inputs of aeolian dust deposition and removal by adsorption onto particles in surface, intermediate and deep waters as well. Nickel (3.57–5.52 nM) distributions are governed by internal biogeochemical cycles, together with physical mixing and circulation patterns. Nickel is primarily removed from surface waters with biogenic particles and then remineralised at depth. Copper (1.39–2.89 nM) distributions illustrate a mixture of the two typical behaviours mentioned above. Distributions of typically anthropogenic and particle-reactive Pb (82–235 pM) are in agreement with a Mediterranean flow source of Pb for the adjacent North Atlantic Ocean. The mechanisms controlling the biogeochemical cycling of TMs, such as atmospheric inputs, physical forcing, and interactions with primary production, are discussed according to the TM physico-chemical properties and biological importance.
Published: 2020
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6. Factors controlling the temporal variability of mass and trace metal downward flux at 1000 m depth at the DYFAMED site (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

Author: Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Daniel Cossa, Rémi Losno, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Nathalie Leblond, Christophe Migon, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Convection, Mass flux, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Spring bloom, Mediterranean sea, Flux (metallurgy), Oceanography, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Trace metal, Carbon, Seabed
Abstract: Mass fluxes and trace metal (TM) fluxes were measured from samples collected in 2003 to 2005 from sediment traps deployed at 1000 m depth at the DYFAMED (DYnamique des Flux Atmosphériques en MEDiterranée) time-series station (central Ligurian Sea, 2350 m depth). A highly significant correlation is observed between all TM fluxes, whatever the nature and emission source of the TM (e.g., crustal such as Al, Fe, Co, or anthropogenic such as Zn, Cd, Pb) and the mass flux. Because these TMs originate from different emission sources, and, therefore, their atmospheric deposition to the sea surface varies with different seasonal patterns, it is suggested that fluxes of particulate organic carbon determine fluxes of TMs, and not the contrary. The seasonal sequence of the transfer of TMs to sea floor (winter convection, spring bloom and nutrient depletion of surface waters in summer and autumn) is briefly examined to highlight the concomitant temporal variability of mass and TM fluxes. This suggests that the TM downward transfer is totally controlled by the seasonal variability of biogenic carbon production, itself depending upon the intensity of winter convection. This may be a peculiarity of marine regions such as the Ligurian Sea, where hydrodynamical features (and, therefore, spring blooms) are strongly constrained by climatic and meteorological conditions (winter temperature, wind events, rain events).
Published: 2018

7. Temporal variability of nutrient concentrations in the northwestern Mediterranean sea (DYFAMED time-series station)

Author: Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Christophe Migon, Fabrizio D׳Ortenzio, Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà, Laurent Coppola, Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hydrology, DYFAMED, Water mass, Mixed layer, time-series, Stratification (water), Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Phosphate, Atmospheric sciences, Northwestern Mediterranean, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, Nutrient, Geography, chemistry, Nitrate, nutrients, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Surface layer, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Nitrate, phosphate, and silicate concentration profiles were measured at monthly frequency at the DYFAMED time-series station (central Ligurian Sea) between 1991 and 2011. The resulting data set, which constitutes the longest open-ocean time-series in the Mediterranean Sea, underwent quality control. A reproducible climatological pattern was observed with an unprecedented resolution, confirming the typical seasonal cycle of mid-latitudes. In summer and autumn, when the water mass is well stratified, i.e. the mixed layer depth (MLD) is shallow, nutrient concentrations in surface are very low or under the detection limit. In winter, as a result of the MLD extent, nutrients are supplied to the surface layer. Then, nutrient concentrations progressively decrease during spring. MLD appears to play a key role in controlling nutrient availability in the surface layer, but a direct, quantitative relationship between MLD and nutrient concentrations is difficult to establish due to undersampling. Regarding nutrient molar ratios (N:P, Si:N, and Si:P), results show anomalous values compared to those of other oceanic regions, presumably due to strong influence of external sources. As a consequence, nutrient molar ratios exhibit a seasonal pattern, with, in particular, an increase of the N:P ratio in condition of stratification. Over the period 1991–2011, the DYFAMED data set reveals decadal trends in nitrate and phosphate concentrations in deep waters (+0.23% and –0.62%, respectively) resulting in increasing N:P and Si:P ratios (+1.14% and +0.85% per year, respectively). Such a long-term variability is presumably related to changes in water mass and/or changes in external sources, even if it is difficult to assess due to not enough concomitant data from atmospheric and riverine inputs.
Published: 2015
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8. Skyfall—neglected roles of volcano ash and black carbon rich aerosols for microbial plankton in the ocean

Author: Christophe Migon, Xavier Mari, Francesca Malfatti, Benjamin Guinot, Markus G. Weinbauer, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weinbauer, M. G., Guinot, B., Migon, C., Malfatti, F., Mari, X., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, black carbon, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, soot, diversity, volcano ash, bacteria, mineral dust, organic matter, phytoplankton, production, protists, sea spray, viruses, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, viruse, Ecology, fungi, Carbon black, respiratory system, Plankton, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, protist, Geology, Volcanic ash
Abstract: Mineral dust, volcano ash and soot (black carbon) are among the major solid aerosol inputs to the world ocean. They deliver elements such as C, N, P, S and bioactive trace metals in significant amounts. However, in contrast to mineral dust, the impact of volcano ash and soot on microbial plankton is poorly studied, although total deposition rates are not much lower for volcano ash than for mineral dust in certain basins and soot delivers overall more P into the ocean than mineral dust. Aging processes in the atmosphere during horizontal transport, e.g. due to exposure to UV light and acidic conditions in clouds, increase the solubility and hence bioavailability of volcano ash and soot aerosols. Current findings suggest that volcano ash and soot are a source of nutrients and/or organic carbon, and influence aggregation processes. Volcano ash seems to stimulate phytoplankton, and soot bacterioplankton; both aerosols influence microbial diversity. We argue that volcano ash and soot have a significant, but comparatively less well-studied effects on microbial plankton that should, along with mineral dust, be better implemented into concepts and studies of microbial food webs to improve the mechanistic understanding of the role and performance of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms in the ocean.
Published: 2017
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9. Low sedimentary accumulation of lead caused by weak downward export of organic matter in Hudson Bay, northern Canada

Author: Bassam Ghaleb, Xavier Mari, Aurélie Dufour, André Poirier, Christophe Migon, Louis Legendre, Benoit Thibodeau, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ocean, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, 010501 environmental sciences, Oligotrophy, 01 natural sciences, carbon budget, Carbon budget, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, oligotrophy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, particulate matter, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Lead (sea ice), Sediment, Particulates, ocean, Oceanography, climate change, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Vertical transfer, Sedimentary rock, Particulate matter, Bay, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Atmospheric input of anthropogenic lead increased globally over the last centuries. The present study shows that the concentrations of lead in sediment cores from low-productivity Hudson Bay, northern Canada, remained relatively constant over the last centuries. The lack of imprint of the increased anthropogenic lead input in this marine environment is not consistent with the increased lead concentrations in nearby lakes over the same period. In addition, the observed trend in lead isotopic composition in our cores suggests an apparent progressive overprint of anthropogenic lead during the 1900's. In other words, isotopes clearly registered the increasingly anthropogenic nature of lead in the sedimentary record, but total lead concentrations remained constant, indicating that some process limited the export of lead to the sediment. These observations point to a long-term limitation of the downward export of particles in Hudson Bay. Given that the source of lead was the same for both Hudson Bay and neighboring highproductivity lakes, we hypothesize that the very low primary productivity of Hudson Bay waters was responsible for the low vertical export of lead to marine sediments. We further propose that primary productivity is the most important factor that generally drives the vertical export of particulate matter, and thus hydrophobic contaminants, in near-oligotrophic marine environments.
Published: 2017
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10. Transparent exopolymer particles: Effects on carbon cycling in the ocean

Author: Uta Passow, Christophe Migon, Adrian B. Burd, Xavier Mari, Louis Legendre, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sinking, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Exopolymer, Climate change, Density, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface microlayer, Ballast, Sink (geography), Carbon cycle, Aggregation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Settling, 14. Life underwater, Biological carbon pump, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Transparent exopolymer particles, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seawater
Abstract: International audience; Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) have received considerable attention since they were first described in the ocean more than 20 years ago. This is because of their carbon-rich composition, their high concentrations in ocean’s surface waters, and especially because of their ability to promote aggregation due to their high stickiness (i.e. biological glue). As large aggregates contribute significantly to vertical carbon flux, TEP are commonly seen as a key factor that drives the downward flux of particulate organic carbon (POC). However, the density of TEP is lower than that of seawater, which causes them to remain in surface waters and even move upwards if not ballasted by other particles, which often leads to their accumulation in the sea surface microlayer. Hence we question here the generally accepted view that TEP always increase the downward flux of POC via gravitational settling. In the present reassessment of the role of TEP, we examine how the presence of a pool of non-sinking carbon-rich particulate organic matter in surface waters influences the cycling of organic carbon in the upper ocean at daily to decadal time scales. In particular, we focus on the role of TEP in the retention of organic carbon in surface waters versus downward export, and discuss the potential consequences of climate change on this process and on the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. We show that TEP sink only when ballasted with enough high-density particles to compensate their low density, and hence that their role in vertical POC export is not solely linked to their ability to promote aggregation, but also to their contribution to the buoyancy of POC. It follows that the TEP fraction of POC determines the degree of retention and remineralization of POC in surface waters versus its downward export. A high TEP concentration may temporally decouple primary production and downward export. We identify two main parameters that affect the contribution of TEP to POC cycling; TEP stickiness, and the balance between TEP production and degradation rates. Because stickiness, production and degradation of TEP vary with environmental conditions, the role of TEP in controlling the balance between retention versus export, and hence the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 by the biological carbon pump, can be highly variable, and is likely to be affected by climate change.
Published: 2017
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11. Vertical export flux of metals in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Christophe Migon, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Benoit Thibodeau, Aurélie Dufour, Juan Carlos Miquel, Marion Stabholz, Nathalie Leblond, Rémi Losno, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Convection, Ballasting, Particulate organic carbon, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, Oceanography, Vertical export flux, Metal, Mediterranean sea, Flux (metallurgy), Trace metals, 13. Climate action, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, Sediment trap, Mediterranean Sea, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 14. Life underwater, Solubility, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology
Abstract: We examined metal (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) and particulate organic carbon (OC) concentrations of the marine vertical export flux at the DYFAMED time-series station in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. We present here the first data set of natural and anthropogenic metals from sediment trap moorings deployed at 1000 m-depth between 2003 and 2007 at the DYFAMED site. A highly significant correlation was observed between most metal concentrations, whatever the nature and emission source of the metal. Cu, Zn and Cd exhibit different behaviors, presumably due to their very high solubility and complexation with organic ligands. The observed difference of atmospheric and marine fluxes in terms of temporal variability and elemental concentration suggests that dense water convection and primary production and not atmospheric deposition control the marine vertical export flux. This argument is strengthened by the fact that significant Saharan dust events did not result in concomitant marine vertical export fluxes nor did they generate significant changes in metal concentrations of trapped particles.
Published: 2014
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12. Atmospheric input of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus to the Ligurian SEA: Data from the cap Ferrat coastal time-series station

Author: Véronique Lagadec, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Nicole Garcia, Fayçal Kessouri, Christophe Migon, Patrick Raimbault, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Aurélie Dufour, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analytic and Computational Research, Inc. - Earth Sciences (ACRI-ST), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Phosphorus, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Phosphate, 6. Clean water, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, Nutrient, Nitrate, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Photic zone, Ammonium, 14. Life underwater, Diffusion (business)
Abstract: International audience; Atmospheric fluxes of bio-available inorganic nitrogen (DIN, i.e. nitrate+ammonium) and phosphorus (DIP, i.e. phosphate) were measured in 2010, 2011 and 2013 at the sampling station of Cap Ferrat (Ligurian Sea). Wet and dry fluxes of DIN, averaged over three years, were 35 and 19 mmol m−2 yr−1, respectively. Most of the nitrate was deposited under dry form, whilst ammonia was twice more found in wet deposition. Wet and dry fluxes of DIP, averaged over three years, were 0.11 and 0.64 mmol m−2 yr-1, respectively. Atmospheric fluxes of DIN and DIP were compared with other photic zone nutrient input sources, physical and biological, i.e. winter convection, N2 fixation, and upward diffusion. Even if convection is by far the most important nutrient input for surface waters, atmospheric sources may be the second one, supplying more nutrients than diazotrophy and diffusion, particularly in conditions of water column stratification.
Published: 2015
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13. Dry atmospheric deposition and diazotrophy as sources of new nitrogen to northwestern Mediterranean oligotrophic surface waters

Author: P. Raimbault, N. Garcia, V. Sandroni, E. Gouze, Christophe Migon, Sciences Agronomiques Appliquées à l'Horticulture (SAGAH), Institut National d'Horticulture-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National d'Horticulture, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phosphorus, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, New production, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, 6. Clean water, chemistry.chemical_compound, Deposition (aerosol physics), Nitrate, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogen cycle, Surface water, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric dry deposition of nitrogen (N) and dinitrogen (N-2) fixation rates were assessed in 2004 at the time-series DYFAMED station (northwestern Mediterranean, 43 degrees 25'N, 7 degrees 52'E). The atmospheric input was monitored over the whole year. Dinitrogen fixation was measured during different seasonal trophic states (from mesotrophy to oligotrophy) sampled during nine cruises. The bioavailability of atmospherically deposited nutrients was estimated by apparent solubility after 96h. The solubility of dry atmospheric N deposition was highly variable (from similar to 18% to more than 96% of total N). New N supplied to surface waters by the dry atmospheric deposition was mainly nitrate (NO3-) (similar to 57% of total N, compared to similar to 6% released as ammonium (NH4+)). The mean bioavailable dry flux of total N was estimated to be similar to 112 mu mol m(-2) d(-1) over the whole year. The NO3- contribution (70 mu mol NO3- m(-2) d(-1)) was much higher than the NH4+ contribution (1.2 mu mol NH4+ m(-2) d(-1)). The N:P ratios in the bioavailable fraction of atmospheric inputs (122.5-1340) were always much higher than the Redfield N: P ratio (16). Insoluble N in atmospheric dry deposition (referred to as ``organic'' and believed to be strongly related to anthropogenic emissions) was similar to 40 mu mol m(-2) d(-1). N-2 fixation rates ranged from 2 to 7.5 nmol L-1 d(-1). The highest values were found in August, during the oligotrophic period (7.5 nmol L-1 at 10 in depth), and in April, during the productive period (4 nmol L-1 d(-1) at 10 m depth). Daily integrated values of N-2 fixation ranged from 22 to 100 mu mol N m(-2) d(-1), with a maximum of 245 mu mol N m(-2) d(-1) in August. No relationship was found between the availability of phosphorus or iron and the observed temporal variability of N-2 fixation rates. The atmospheric dry deposition and N-2 fixation represented 0.5-6% and 1-20% of the total biological nitrogen demand, respectively. Their contribution to new production was more significant: 1-28% and 2-55% for atmospheric dry deposition and N-2 fixation, respectively. The dry atmospheric input was particularly significant in conditions of water column stratification (16-28% of new production), while N2 fixation reached its highest values in June (46% of new production) and in August (55%). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007
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14. Temporal variability of vertical export flux at the DYFAMED time-series station (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

Author: Christophe Migon, Laurent Coppola, Héloïse Lavigne, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Claude Estournel, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Convection, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Flux, Geology, Aquatic Science, Particulates, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Oceanography, Mediterranean sea, Water column, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The temporal evolution of the vertical export flux at the DYFAMED time-series station (Ligurian Sea) over the last 20 years reveals a strong interannual variability. Winter convection allows particulate (and dissolved) matter to be vertically exported (“flush-down” effect). The efficiency of this process determines also the concentration of nutrients brought to surface waters and, therefore, the intensity of the subsequent phytoplankton bloom. The sequence “convection-bloom” is the main driving force of vertical export flux in this region. The present work attempts to better identify the parameters that control vertical export flux dynamics by observing a 20 year time-series in relation with the temporal variability of mixed layer depth and surface primary production. The consequences of a more stratified water column in the future on biological productivity and vertical export flux are pointed out.
Published: 2013
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15. Effects of antipollution policy on anthropogenic lead transfers in the Ligurian Sea

Author: Christophe Migon, Emmanuel Nicolas, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lead (sea ice), Flux, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Contamination, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Deep water, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Water pollution, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: As a consequence of the relatively recent introduction of antipollution laws concerning the Pb content in gasolines, a significant decrease in atmospheric Pb concentration levels has been observed. With the contamination of seawater being directly linked to atmospheric flux variations, the concentrations of dissolved Pb in surface seawater have also shown a decrease. Atmospheric and surface marine Pb concentrations therefore exhibit similar temporal evolutions. At the present time, deep Ligurian waters are being affected by the decrease in automotive Pb consumption, with the gradient of Pb concentrations with depth being indicative of the response time of deep waters to environmental perturbations. Such observations highlight the effectiveness of international antipollution policies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 1998
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16. Enhancing the comprehension of mixed layer depth control on the Mediterranean phytoplankton phenology

Author: Louis Marie Prieur, Maurizio Ribera d'Alcalà, R. Lavezza, Hervé Claustre, Loïc Houpert, Pierre Testor, Christophe Migon, Héloïse Lavigne, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIS COOC, GROOM, ANR-10-EQPX-0040,NAOS,Observations de l'océan global pour l'étude et la prévision de l'océan et du climat: préparation de la nouvelle décennie d'Argo(2010), European Project: 246777,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2009-AdG,REMOCEAN(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, mixed layer depth, Mixed layer, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Forcing (mathematics), Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, phenology, ocean color, Mediterranean sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, Phytoplankton, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phenology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Spring bloom, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ocean color, Climatology, phytoplankton, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Phytoplankton phenology is primarily affected by physical forcing. However, its quantification is far from being completely understood. Among the physical forcing factors, the mixed layer depth (MLD) is considered to have the strongest impact on phytoplankton dynamics, and consequently, on their phenology. The role of MLD variations in shaping the phytoplankton phenology was explored in the Mediterranean Sea, a basin displaying contrasting phenological regimes. A database of MLD estimations was merged with ocean color chlorophyll concentrations ([Chl]SAT) to generate concomitant annual MLD and [Chl]SAT cycles. Several indices were calculated to quantitatively analyze these cycles. The relevance of indices summarizing the temporal difference between main characteristics of MLD and [Chl]SAT cycles was emphasized. As previously observed, two dominant phenological regimes coexist in the Mediterranean Sea. The first is marked by a typical spring bloom, as in temperate regions. The second displays a low seasonality and an absence of an intense [Chl]SAT peak as in subtropical areas. The MLD is shown to play a key role in determining the dominant phenological regime in a given area. Results also show that regions having low seasonality display concomitant MLD and [Chl]SAT maxima, whereas [Chl]SAT peaks are generally observed 30 days after MLD peaks in regions with strongest seasonality. Over the whole basin, [Chl]SAT increase starts 1 month after the initiation of MLD deepening. Finally, after examining the impact of MLD on light and nutrient availability for phytoplankton, mechanisms were proposed to explain the time lags between MLD and [Chl]SAT increase and MLD and [Chl]SAT maxima.
Published: 2013
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17. Characterisation and dynamics of dissolved organic matter in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea

Author: Travis B. Meador, Daniel J. Repeta, Alexandra Gogou, Matthew J. Collins, V. Jones, Kirsty Penkman, Christophe Migon, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departments of Archaeology [York] (BioArch), University of York [York, UK], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Mediterranean sea, Nutrient, Oceanography, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Chemical composition, Surface water, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM), focusing on the influence of thermal stratification and mixing. Samples were collected at the surface, 500 m and 1500 m, in April, July and October 2004 at the DYFAMED time-series site in the North-western Mediterranean. High molecular weight (HMW) DOM was concentrated using ultrafiltration. The HMW DOM fraction was characterised by H-1 NMR, amino acid and neutral sugar analysis. Results were interpreted in the context of the wealth of information available on site DYFAMED. Three key observations were made. Firstly, the carbohydrate component of DOM decreased with depth, in agreement with previous studies, indicating degradation of this labile material. Secondly, the July surface water sample was particularly carbohydrate rich; it is proposed this may be the result of increased carbohydrate production by phytoplankton under low nutrient conditions, and accumulation in the surface layers due to stratification of the water column. Finally, the October samples showed a distinctly different chemical signature to the April and July samples, potentially indicating a shift from a net production system in the spring and summer to a net re-mineralisation system in autumn. The results of this study offer an insight into the dynamic nature of DOM at station DYFAMED. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2013
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18. Corrigendum to 'Marine ecosystems' responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean' [Prog. Oceanogr. 91 (2011) 97-166]

Author: P. L. Merle, Frédéric Mélin, David Doxaran, D. Ruiz Pino, Christian Tamburini, Christophe Migon, Marcel Babin, B. Bonsang, Stéphane Gasparini, Romaric Verney, J. L. Gonzalez, F. Eyrolles, Thierry Moutin, Jordi Dachs, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, Andrew P. Rees, William L. Miller, Jean-François Ghiglione, Lars Stemmann, Camila Fernandez, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, F. Van Wambeke, René Galzin, Tsuneo Tanaka, Isabelle Taupier-Letage, Bruno Charrière, Jean-Claude Gaertner, J. F. Cadiou, Ioanna Bouloubassi, Bastien Mérigot, Malik Chami, Olivier Radakovitch, Richard Sempéré, Christophe Rabouille, Wade H. Jeffrey, Anne Petrenko, Jean-François Rontani, M. Eléaume, C. Mellon, Vincent Taillandier, J. Para, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Cécile Guieu, Marie-Dominique Loÿe-Pilot, Behzad Mostajir, Louis Marie Prieur, Karine Leblanc, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Catherine Goyet, L. Mousseau, Thierry Perez, Melika Baklouti, Sophie Bonnet, Frédéric Gazeau, Frédéric Diaz, Marc Mallet, R. Lemé, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Christophe Brunet, Franck Touratier, Francois Carlotti, Sandrine Vaz, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Fabien Joux, Patrick Raimbault, S. H.M. Jacquet, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Benedicte Thouvenin, Pulido-Villena, Lionel Guidi, Dominique Lefèvre, Claude Estournel, Pierre Testor, Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet, Hervé Thébault, L. Méjanelle, Vincent Vantrepotte, P. Le Hir, Caroline Ulses, Sabine Charmasson, Daniel Cossa, S. Fowler, Laurent Mortier, Jacek Tronczynski, Philippe Koubbi, Katell Guizien, Sauveur Belviso, X. Durrieu de Madron, Patrice Francour, Pascal Conan, Marc Tedetti, Jean-Claude Dutay, Christophe Lejeusne, Céline Ridame, Paléoclimats, proxies, processus ( PALEOPROXUS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone ( PHYBIOCAR ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010505 oceanography, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Geology, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceanography, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Not Available
Published: 2011
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19. Marine ecosystems’ responses to climatic and anthropogenic forcings in the Mediterranean

Author: Romaric Verney, William L. Miller, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Pierre-Laurent Merle, Louis Marie Prieur, Sauveur Belviso, Scott W. Fowler, Frédéric Gazeau, Francois Carlotti, D. Ruiz Pino, Richard Sempéré, Bastien Mérigot, Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Lars Stemmann, Camila Fernandez, David Doxaran, Stéphane Gasparini, Patrice Francour, Marc Tedetti, Sabine Charmasson, Laure Mousseau, Marcel Babin, Jean-Claude Dutay, R. Lemé, Frédéric Diaz, Stéphan Jacquet, F. Van Wambeke, J. L. Gonzalez, Jean-François Ghiglione, Vincent Vantrepotte, P. Le Hir, Hervé Thébault, Christophe Lejeusne, Marc Mallet, X. Durrieu de Madron, Françoise Elbaz-Poulichet, Pulido-Villena, Benedicte Thouvenin, Malik Chami, Pascal Conan, Philippe Koubbi, Claude Estournel, Laurent Mortier, Christian Tamburini, Bruno Charrière, Dominique Lefèvre, Catherine Goyet, Jean-François Rontani, C. Mellon, B. Bonsang, Thierry Moutin, René Galzin, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Vincent Taillandier, Olivier Radakovitch, Jacek Tronczynski, Katell Guizien, Behzad Mostajir, F. Eyrolles, Daniel Cossa, Christophe Rabouille, Frédéric Mélin, Andrew P. Rees, Wade H. Jeffrey, Jordi Dachs, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, M. Eléaume, Sandrine Vaz, Laurence Méjanelle, Thierry Perez, Tsuneo Tanaka, Melika Baklouti, J. Para, Christophe Brunet, Ioanna Bouloubassi, Marie-Dominique Loÿe-Pilot, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Caroline Ulses, Anne Petrenko, Sophie Bonnet, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Fabien Joux, Franck Touratier, Lionel Guidi, Pierre Testor, Cécile Guieu, Patrick Raimbault, Jean-Francois Cadiou, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Christophe Migon, Jean-Claude Gaertner, Isabelle Taupier-Letage, Karine Leblanc, Céline Ridame, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Océanographie côtière, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biogéochimique (LOPB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), IPSO FACTO [Marseille], Laboratoire de Robotique de Versailles (LRV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes Radioécologiques des milieux Continental et marin (IRSN/PRP-ENV/SESURE/LERCM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude radioécologique du milieu continental et marin (IRSN/DEI/SESURE/LERCM), Service d'étude et de surveillance de la radioactivité dans l'environnement (IRSN/DEI/SESURE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire catalyse et spectrochimie (LCS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress (ECOMERS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyses en géo-environnement et santé - Espace Développement (IMAGES-Espace DEV), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), The MerMex Group, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre atlantique, Nantes, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC (UMR_7057)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Biologique (LOPB), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis - Unité de Recherche Synthèse et Analyse des Matériaux, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), IPSO FACTO, SCOPARL, Pôle Océanologie et Limnologie, Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude radioécologique du milieu continental et marin (LERCM), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Direction de l'Environnement et de l'Intervention, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne (BETM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of west Florida, IFREMER (IFREMER), College of Marine Studies (CMS), University of Delaware [Newark], Diversité, évolution et écologie fonctionnelle marine (DIMAR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), CE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Austral Boréal, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Aubert & Duval, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne [2007-2010] (BETM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation [Pensacola] (UWF | CEDB), University of West Florida [Pensacola] (UWF), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Austral Boréal (AB), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), CBETM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Modélisation et d'Analyse en Géo-Environnement et Santé (IMAGES), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Département Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Societé / Environmental Research and Teaching Institute (CERES-ERTI), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis (UNSA), Department of Marine Sciences [Athènes], Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Biogéochimie des contaminants organiques (LBCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Paléoclimats, proxies, processus ( PALEOPROXUS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone ( PHYBIOCAR ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ipso Facto ScopARL, Association Arkaeos, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), CNRS UMR 7057 - Laboratoire Matières et Systèmes Complexes (MSC) (MSC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Mediterranean sea, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Global change, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: Corrigendum : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2011.08.003; International audience; The semi-enclosed nature of the Mediterranean Sea, together with its smaller inertia due to the relative short residence time of its water masses, make it highly reactive to external forcings, in particular variations of water, energy and matter fluxes at the interfaces. This region, which has been identified as a “hotspot” for climate change, is therefore expected to experience environmental impacts that are considerably greater than those in many other places around the world. These natural pressures interact with the increasing demographic and economic developments occurring heterogeneously in the coastal zone, making the Mediterranean even more sensitive. This review paper aims to provide a review of the state of current functioning and responses of Mediterranean marine biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems with respect to key natural and anthropogenic drivers and to consider the ecosystems’ responses to likely changes in physical, chemical and socio-economical forcings induced by global change and by growing anthropogenic pressure at the regional scale. The current knowledge on and expected changes due to single forcing (hydrodynamics, solar radiation, temperature and acidification, chemical contaminants) and combined forcing (nutrient sources and stoichiometry, extreme events) affecting the biogeochemical fluxes and ecosystem functioning are explored. Expected changes in biodiversity resulting from the combined action of the different forcings are proposed. Finally, modeling capabilities and necessity for modeling are presented. A synthesis of our current knowledge of expected changes is proposed, highlighting relevant questions for the future of the Mediterranean ecosystems that are current research priorities for the scientific community. Finally, we discuss how these priorities can be approached by national and international multi-disciplinary research, which should be implemented on several levels, including observational studies and modeling at different temporal and spatial scales.
Published: 2011
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20. Impact of atmospheric deposition of anthropogenic and natural trace metals on Northwestern Mediterranean surface waters: A box model assessment

Author: Christophe Migon, Daniel Cossa, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Atmospheric deposition, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Mediterranean Sea, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Water pollution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace metal pollution, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Air Pollutants, Impact evaluation, Environmental antipollution policies, Atmosphere, Trace element, Biogeochemistry, General Medicine, Spring bloom, Plankton, Pollution, Northwestern Mediterranean, Trace Elements, Oceanography, Models, Chemical, Metals, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Box model, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Under stratified oligotrophic conditions (May November), the surface mixed layer of the Northwestern Mediterranean constitutes a homogeneous water volume of 10-30 m depth. In other respects, the mean residence time of Ligurian surface waters (0-200 m) is 102 days. It is therefore possible to quantify the extent to which atmospheric deposition of trace metals affects surface waters. On the basis of literature data on anthropogenic and natural trace metals, we demonstrate that the ratios between total seawater labile atmospheric deposition during 102 days (Delta c) and dissolved TM concentrations in Ligurian surface waters (c) illustrate the impact of atmospheric deposition on surface seawater (Delta c/c). High ratios indicate surface TM enrichments, while low ratios indicate surface TM depletion, due to the quasi-complete sorption and removal of TMs by plankton during spring bloom. The simple box model proposed here may be used for other marine regions where hydrodynamical and physico-chemical constraints are well defined. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011
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21. Methyl mercury distributions in relation to the presence of nano- and picophytoplankton in an oceanic water column (Ligurian Sea, North-western Mediterranean)

Author: Christophe Migon, Bernard Averty, Daniel Cossa, Lars-Eric Heimbürger, Jean-Claude Marty, Josephine Ras, Aurélie Dufour, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Microbial food web, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pelagic zone, 010501 environmental sciences, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Oceanography, Water column, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Photic zone, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Recent findings on the distribution of methylated mercury (MeHgT) in waters have highlighted the importance of organic carbon remineralization on the production of these compounds in the open ocean. Here, we present the first time-series (20 monthly samplings between July 2007 and May 2009) of high-resolution vertical profiles (10-12 depths in a 2350 m water column) of MeHgT distributions in an open ocean environment, the Ligurian Sea (North-western Mediterranean Sea). Concentrations varied within the sub-picomolar range (general mean: 0.30 0.17 pmol L-1, n = 214) with the lowest values at the surface, increasing with depth up to the oxygen minimum zone, and decreasing slowly at greater depth. Concentrations in the surface waters never exceeded 0.15 pmol L-1, while the highest concentrations (up to 0.82 pmol L-1) were associated to the hypoxycline during the autumn bloom. A detailed vertical MeHgT profile reveals a "double-peak" pattern, coincidental with the two microbial layers described by Tanaka and Rassoulzadegan (2002), the so-called "microbial food web" in the euphotic zone (100 m). Temporal variations in the MeHgT abundance and distribution in the water column were linked to seasonality. The highest MeHgT concentrations were found in the oxygen minimum zone during the period of stratification, and coincide with the greatest abundance of nano- and picophytoplankton (cyanobacteria, nanoflagellates, etc.) in the euphotic layer. None of our deep MeHgT measurements (-4 00 m above the sea bottom) revealed a significant sedimentary source of MeHgT. We explored the correlation between MeHgT concentrations and the apparent oxygen utilization, a proxy of organic matter remineralization, over the study period. Results of this study strengthen the hypothesis that net mercury methylation in the open ocean occurs in the water column, is linked to organic matter regeneration, and is promoted by the presence of small-sized nano- and picophytoplankton, that dominate under oligotrophic conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2010
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22. Reactivity of transparent exopolymeric particles: a key parameter of trace metal cycling in the lagoon of Nouméa, New Caledonia

Author: Christophe Migon, Xavier Mari, and Emmanuel Nicolas
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Zinc, Aquatic Science, Chemical Fractionation, Coastal zone, Oceanography, Exopolymer, Metal, Biopolymers, New Caledonia, Metals, Heavy, Trace metal, Seawater, Particle Size, Water pollution, Residence time, Trace element, Pollution, Partition coefficient, Nickel, Kinetics, chemistry, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Metal-organic interactions, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Seawater samples were collected in the lagoon of Noumea (New Caledonia) along two transects from coastal bays to the oligotrophic barrier reef. Dissolved (
Published: 2009

23. Geochemical and hydrodynamic constraints on the distribution of trace metal concentrations in the lagoon of Nouméa, New Caledonia

Author: Xavier Mari, Emmanuel Nicolas, Sylvain Ouillon, Christophe Migon, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Echanges Côte-Large (ECOLA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Odontologie Clinique (CROC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 (IRD), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, trace metals, coastal waters, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Water column, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, New Caledonia, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, residence time, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geochemistry, Terrigenous sediment, Trace element, Particulates, 13. Climate action, hydrodynamics, Environmental science, Seawater, Eutrophication
Abstract: Seawater samples were collected in the lagoon of Noumea (southwest New Caledonia) along two transects from eutrophic coastal bays to the oligotrophic barrier reef. Land-based emissions to the lagoon were measured with dissolved and particulate concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), used as tracers of both terrigenous and industrial (Ni ore treatment) activities, as well as dissolved and particulate concentrations of zinc (Zn), used as a tracer of urban effluents. The spatial variability of metal concentrations was related to geochemical and hydrodynamic con- ditions, i.e., respectively: (1) natural and anthropogenic emission sources, and chemical processes occurring in the water column; and (2) water residence times. The parameter used to describe the residence time of water masses was the local e-flushing time, i.e. the time required for a tracer mass contained within a given station to be reduced by a factor 1/e. High metal concentrations were found in coastal areas (up to 9000 ng dissolved Ni L 1 ), and steeply decreased with distance from the coast (down to 101 ng dissolved Ni L 1 near the barrier reef) to reach levels similar to those found in remote Pacific waters, suggesting a rapid renewal of waters close to the barrier. Distributions of metals in the lagoon are controlled upstream by land-based emission sources and later chemical processes. Then hydrodynamics constrain metal distributions, as shown by the observed relationship between local e-flushing times and the spatial variability of metal concentrations. In addition, a change in the direction of prevailing winds yielded a decrease of dissolved metal concentrations at the same site by a factor of 2.5 (Cr and Ni) and 2.9 (Zn). It is suggested that the residence time is a key parameter in the control of elemental concentrations in the lagoon waters, as much as land-based emission sources. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007
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24. Water residence time: A regulatory factor of the DOM to POM transfer efficiency

Author: Xavier Mari, Christophe Migon, Aymeric Jouon, Jean-Pascal Torréton, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Olivier Pringault, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral, Aquatic Science, Particulates, Oceanography, Residence time (fluid dynamics), 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Water column, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Transfer efficiency, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Phase (matter), Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The pools of dissolved (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) and of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) were studied along two sampling gradients in the lagoon of New Caledonia in relation to the residence time of the water masses. The efficiency of the transfer of material from the dissolved to the particulate phase via TEP formation, indicating the physicochemical reactivity of organic matter, was investigated. DOM, POM, and TEP concentration increased along the sampling gradients, but their relative proportions varied. The contribution of the TEP pool to POM increased from 20% to 60%, from the most oligotrophic stations to the more anthropogenically affected bays. According to the low density of TEP and to the observed variations of the proportion of TEP compared with more conventional and solid particles, the aggregates formed inside the bays would be either neutrally or positively buoyant, whereas in the vicinity of the coral barrier, they would be negatively buoyant. As a result, the downward export of organic matter inside the bays might be greatly reduced, thereby prolonging the residence time of organic matter in the water column. The efficiency of the DOM/TEP transformation and the TEP turnover rate dropped drastically when the residence time increased from 0 to 50 d, suggesting that the reactivity of organic matter is reduced as it ages. The very high residence time of the water mass inside the bays, constrained by the hydrodynamic circulation inside the lagoon, favors the installation of a feedback system in which organic matter is not exported and is continuously degraded, leading to the formation of refractory DOM with a low physicochemical reactivity. In contrast, organic matter produced in areas in which water mass has a low residence time (i.e., near the coral barrier) is rapidly exported because of its high physicochernical reactivity.
Published: 2007
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25. Atmospherically-promoted photosynthetic activity in a well-mixed ecosystem: Significance of wet deposition events of nitrogen compounds

Author: Cédric Boulart, Fabrice Lizon, Valérie Gentilhomme, Alain Lefebvre, Mathilde Schapira, Karine Deboudt, Christophe Migon, Pascal Flament, Ecosystèmes Littoraux et Cotiers, and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, Strait of Dover, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, River plumes, Atmospheric deposition, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Coastal zone, 01 natural sciences, Water column, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Biomass (ecology), Primary production, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, atmospheric deposition, nutrient cycles, 15. Life on land, New production, Nitrogen, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, river plumes, Nutrient cycles, Environmental science, coastal zone, Seawater, primary production
Abstract: Wet atmospheric deposition of dissolved N, P and Si species is studied in well-mixed coastal ecosystem to evaluate its potential to stimulate photosynthetic activities in nutrient-depleted conditions. Our results show that, during spring, seawater is greatly depleted in major nutrients: Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) and Silicic acid (Si), in parallel with an increase of phytoplanktonic biomass. In spring (March-May) and summer (June-September), wet atmospheric deposition is the predominant source (> 60%, relative to riverine contribution) for nitrates and ammonium inputs to this N-limited coastal ecosystem. During winter (October-February), riverine inputs of DIN predominate (> 80%) and are annually the most important source of DIP (> 90%). This situation allows us to calculate the possibility for a significant contribution to primary production in May 2003, from atmospheric deposition (total input for DIN approximate to 300 kg km(-2) month(-1)). Based on usual Redfield ratios and assuming that all of the atmospheric-derived N (AD-N) in rainwater is bioavailable for phytoplankton growth, we can estimate new production due to AD-N of 950 mg C m(-2) month(-1), during this period of depletion in the water column. During the same episode (May 2003), photosynthetic activity rate. considered as gross primary production, was estimated to approximately 30300 mg C m(-2) month(-1). Calculation indicates that new photosynthetic activity due to wet atmospheric inputs of nitrogen could be up to 3%. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2006
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26. Atmospheric input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicon to the coastal northwestern Mediterranean Sea: Fluxes, variability and possible impact on phytoplankton dynamics

Author: Rémi Losno, Christophe Migon, Gretta Bartoli, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, New production, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Silicate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, Water column, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Surface layer, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: One hundred twelve rainwater samples collected from 1986 to 2003 at the signal station of Cap Ferrat (France, NW Mediterranean coast) were analysed for phosphate and silicate contents. This sampling site is affected by a European urban-dominated background material, with episodic Saharan dust inputs. The input of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and dissolved inorganic silicon (DISi) was calculated. The most significant loadings of DIP and DISi were selected in order to assess their potential impact on phytoplankton dynamics, particularly in oligotrophic conditions, when surface waters are nutrient-depleted. The theoretical new production triggered by DIP and DISi inputs (NP(atmo)) was estimated through Redfield calculations. The maximum theoretical DIP-triggered NP(atmo) was up to 670 mg C m(-2) in October, at the end of the oligotrophic period (135 mg C m(-3) in the 5 m-thick surface layer). During the same period, the daily integrated primary production measured at the DYFAMED site (NW Mediterranean Sea) was on average 219 mg C m(-2) d(-1) within the 0-100 m depth water column, while the mean daily primary production in the 5 m-thick surface layer was 1.6 mg C m(-3) d(-1). However, high NP(atmo) due to high DIP inputs might be episodically limited by lower DISi inputs, which may consequently lead to episodic preferential growth of non-siliccous phytoplanktonic species. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2005
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27. Transfer of atmospheric matter through the euphotic layer in the northwestern Mediterranean: seasonal pattern and driving forces

Author: Valérie Sandroni, Beat Gasser, Jean-Claude Marty, Christophe Migon, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Total organic carbon, Mass flux, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lead (sea ice), 15. Life on land, Particulates, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Marine layer, Environmental science, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, Surface layer, Thermocline, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The transfer of atmospheric particulate matter through the surface marine layer was studied by comparing atmospheric and marine fluxes. Time series were obtained from the coupling of a coastal atmospheric sampling station (Cap Ferrat, French Riviera) and a marine sampling site (DYFAMED site, central Ligurian Sea). Liquid phase traps were used for measuring total atmospheric fluxes and sediment traps deployed at 200 m depth for measuring marine fluxes. Fluxes of mass, aluminium, and soluble anthropogenic metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) were obtained from both these reservoirs. Physical and biological time series data acquired at the DYFAMED site also were used to describe a three-step seasonal transfer scenario: (i) In summer and autumn, during the period of water stratification, marine fluxes are low and do not account for the transfer of lithogenic material, as revealed by low Al to mass flux ratios and high proportions of organic carbon at 200 m depth. Atmospheric material accumulates along the thermocline, while a series of physico-chemical processes lead to the formation of small (less than or equal to 150 mum) non-biogenic organic aggregates. (ii) In winter, the sinking of dense water that occurs in the Ligurian Sea is responsible for a rapid downward transfer of the lithogenic matter accumulated in the surface layer. The fact that soluble trace metals (e.g., cadmium) accumulated in the surface layer are only partially found in sediment traps may indicate that sorption processes play a minor role in the formation of organic aggregates, compared with coagulation processes. (iii) In spring, nutrients brought to surface waters by the winter vertical mixing allow phytoplanktonic blooms, and the transfer of atmospheric matter is then governed by the temporal variations of biological activity. The seasonal variability of the vertical transfer leads to the concept of seasonal variability of elemental residence times in the euphotic layer. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2002
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28. Statistical analysis of the concentrations of twelve metals in the Ligurian atmospheric aerosol

Author: Bernard Gentili, Christophe Migon, Blandine Journel, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, trace metals, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Mineral dust, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, aérosol atmosphérique, Ligurian Sea, Matrix (chemical analysis), Metal, Mediterranean sea, statistical analysis, Statistical analysis, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, analyse statistique, Trace element, atmospheric aerosol, Decomposition, Aerosol, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, métaux-traces, mer Ligure
Abstract: A correlation analysis based on the concept of singular-value decomposition of a matrix is applied here to an atmospheric aerosol data set, for twelve metals (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb and Zn),in the Ligurian Sea coastal environment. An iterative procedure allows atypical samples to be discarded, i.e. samples with characteristics significantly different to those of the whole data set. After five atypical samples have been objectively discarded, the general characteristics of the data set are better described and some features are enhanced according to a decreasing order of importance, For example, the mineral dust character of almost every metal is shown, which points out that the marine recycling component is negligible. Marine (Mg, Na) and anthropogenic (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) contributions are assessed as well. There is also evidence of some peculiar behaviours: among others, Fe clearly exhibits an anthropogenic component; the remainder of automotive Pb is still apparent; Ni exhibits a relatively high crustal component; Zn, despite its recognized anthropogenic character, is not clearly correlated with other anthropogenic metals., Une analyse de corrélation, basée sur le concept de décomposition d'une matrice en valeurs singulières, permet de décrire le comportement de douze métaux (Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb et Zn) dans l'aérosol atmosphérique de la mer Ligure. Une procédure itérative permet d’écarter les échantillons atypiques, c'est-à-dire ceux dont les caractéristiques sont sensiblement différentes des tendances générales du lot de données. Après que cinq échantillons atypiques aient été écartés objectivement, les caractéristiques générales des échantillons sont décrites et quelques particularités sont mises en valeur, selon un ordre décroissant d'importance. Par exemple, le caractère crustal de chaque métal est mis en évidence, ce qui signifie que la composante de recyclage marin est négligeable. Les contributions à caractère marin (Mg, Na) et anthropique (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) sont également évaluées. Certains comportements particuliers sont mis en évidence : entre autres, il existe une composante anthropique de Fe ; le reliquat de Pb automobile est encore largement détectable ; Ni a un caractère détritique relativement fort ; Zn, bien que présentant un caractère anthropique marqué, n'est pas clairement corrélé avec les autres métaux liés aux activités humaines.
Published: 2000
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29. The role of atmospheric deposition in the biogeochemistry of the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Christophe Migon, Paolo Rossini, Marie-Dominique Loÿe-Pilot, Christopher I. Measures, Roy Chester, Stefano Guerzoni, Cyril Moulin, Cemal Saydam, Barak Herut, Emanuela Molinaroli, Alexandre Soudine, François Dulac, Patrizia Ziveri, Istituto di Scienze Marine [Bologna] (ISMAR), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Liverpool, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research - IOLR (ISRAEL), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche sur l'Environnement et la Societé / Environmental Research and Teaching Institute (CERES-ERTI), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze Marine [Venezia] (ISMAR-CNR), Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS-METU), Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)-National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biogeochemistry, Geology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, New production, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Oceanography, Mediterranean sea, Deposition (aerosol physics), 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Surface water, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Estimates of atmospheric inputs to the Mediterranean and some coastal areas are reviewed, and uncertainities in these estimates considered. Both the magnitude and the mineralogical composition of atmospheric dust inputs indicate that eolian deposition is an important (50%) or even dominant (>80%) contribution to sediments in the offshore waters of the entire Mediterranean basin. Model data for trace metals and nutrients indicate that the atmosphere delivers more than half the lead and nitrogen, one-third of total phosphorus, and 10% of the zinc entering the entire basin. Measured data in sub-basins, such as the north-western Mediterranean and northern Adriatic indicate an even greater proportions of atmospheric versus riverine inputs. When dissolved fluxes are compared (the form most likely to impinge on surface water biogeochemical cycles), the atmosphere is found to be 5 to 50 times more important than rivers for dissolved zinc and 15 to 30 times more important for lead fluxes. Neglecting co-limitation by other nutrients, new production supported by atmospheric nitrogen deposition ranges from 2–4 g C m−2 yr−1, whereas atmospheric phosphorus deposition appears to support less than 1 g C m−2 yr−1. In spite of the apparently small contribution of atmospheric deposition to overall production in the basin it has been suggested that certain episodic phytoplankton blooms are triggered by atmospheric deposition of N, P or Fe. Future studies are needed to clarify the extent and causal links between these episodic blooms and atmospheric/oceanographic forcing functions. A scientific program aimed at elucidating the possible biogeochemical effects of Saharan outbreaks in the Mediterranean through direct sampling of the ocean and atmosphere before and after such events is therefore highly recommended.
Published: 1999
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30. The trace metal recycling component in the north-western Mediterranean

Author: Christophe Migon, Emmanuel Nicolas, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Cadmium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Trace element, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Atmosphere, Mediterranean sea, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seawater, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, Water pollution, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were measured in a north-western Mediterranean area in three different reservoirs (atmosphere, marine surface microlayer and subsurface seawater) with the aim of comparing their respective metal contents. Although the surface microlayer is strongly enriched in trace metals, enrichment factors normalized to sodium indicate that the recycling component (i.e. sea-salt particles emitted by the sea surface and re-introduced into the atmosphere) are negligible compared with direct atmospheric loadings, which are very high in the north-western Mediterranean. The importance of the recycling component decreases in the sequence Cd > Ph > Cu > Zn. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 1998
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31. Significance of trace metal medium-range transport in the western Mediterranean

Author: Christophe Migon, Valérie Sandroni, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines (LPCM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Balearic islands, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, government.political_district, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Structural basin, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Aerosol, Atmosphere, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, government, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, Mediterranean Islands, Waste Management and Disposal, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric particulate matter is sampled at the coastal site of Vignola (west Corsica). The mean airborne concentrations of eight trace metals (Al: 109; Cd: 0.11; Cu: 1.9; Fe: 119.5; Mn: 1.7; Ni: 0.97; Pb: 8.8 and Zn: 11.8 ng/m(3)) are very similar to those found at other coastal sites of western Mediterranean islands. On the other hand, continental coastal sites of the western basin are characterized by a different series of trace metal concentrations. It is assumed that in part, land-based anthropogenic emissions are associated with small particles, whose residence time in the atmosphere may be sufficient to reach the open sea and the coasts of Corsica, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands. These islands are supposed to be sheltered from significant external anthropogenic activities, and these particles may constitute a fairly uniform aerosol. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
Published: 1997
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32. TEMPORARY AND DEFINITIVE FIXATION OF ATMOSPHERIC LEAD IN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS OF THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA

Author: Christophe Migon, François E. Fernex, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Marines (LPCM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sediment, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Deep sea, Soil contamination, Zooplankton, Diagenesis, Mediterranean sea, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Most lead brought to the Mediterranean Sea has an anthropogenic origin and is mainly transported through the atmosphere. Atmospheric Pb was continuously collected at Cap Ferrat in 1986 and 1987. From this study, the estimation of the anthropogenic Pb flux on the whole Western Mediterranean was, averaged on 1986 and 1987 data, 4080 t. Assuming that the atmospheric anthropogenic Pb input varied in this course of time similarly to the consumption of Pb added to gasolines in France, the mean annual flux could be calculated: 3.95 kg km −2 yr −1 , that is an annual input of 3360 t yr −1 . Reaching the sea, this metal seems to become rapidly bound to phytoplankton. Grazing by zooplankton leads to the production of faecal pellets which frequently contain rather high metal concentrations. The sinking rate of pellets of various zooplankton species is high; within a few days pellets may reach deep-sea sediments. After deposition, Pb is released from this organic-rich material during early diagenesis. In most cases, it, therefore, returns to the overlaying water body by ascending diffusion. But, in a deep-sea area of approximately 80 000 km 2 where Mn oxide precipitation occurs in surficial sediments, Pb seems to remain stored by coprecipitation processes. By considering the lead stored in ‘excess’ in the surficial sediment of the deep-sea area, we estimate that a mean annual anthropogenic Pb amount ranging from 800 up to 1080 t was stored every year from 1950. On the same area, taking into account the Pb loss at the straits, the ‘direct’ atmospheric input to the sea bottom is, on average, 184 t yr −1 . The remaining part, that is (800–1080)−184=(616–896) t yr −1 , corresponds to an additional ‘indirect’ Pb flux in water due to Pb released from sediments of the surrounding areas where it does not remain stored.
Published: 1994
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33. The Development of Knowledge of the Ligurian Sea

Author: Paul Nival, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Christophe Migon, Antoine Sciandra, and Paul Nival
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean sea, Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Seabed, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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34. Zooplankton I. Micro‐ and Mesozooplankton

Author: Virginie Raybaud, John R. Dolan, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Christophe Migon, Antoine Sciandra, and Paul Nival
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Zooplankton II. Macroplankton and Long‐Term Series

Author: Jacqueline Goy, Lars Stemmann, Fabien Lombard, Paul Nival, Janine Cuzin, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Christophe Migon, Antoine Sciandra, and Paul Nival
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Series (stratigraphy), Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Term (time)
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. The carbonate system in the Ligurian Sea

Author: Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Dominique Lefèvre, Jacqueline Boutin, Laurent Coppola, Nicolas Metzl, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Christophe Migon, Paul Nival, and Antoine Sciandra
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ocean CO2 uptake, chemistry.chemical_element, ocean acidification, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Ligurian Sea, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, Dissolved organic carbon, Ecosystem, carbonate system, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Ocean acidification, dissolved inorganic carbon, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, seasonal cycle, Environmental science, Carbonate, Carbon, Surface water
Abstract: Chapter 4; International audience; The study of the oceanic carbonate system is linked to two important environmental issues: ocean CO$_2$ uptake and ocean acidification and its impact on organisms, ecosystems and ecosystem services. This chapter mainly focuses on the seasonal cycles and long‐term trends of the ocean carbonate system based on a synthesis of data collected in the Ligurian Sea from 1998 to 2016. In addition to the effect of potential T (theta) on CO$_2$ solubility, the distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon CT in the water column is driven by the antagonistic effects of the biological carbon pump that increases the vertical gradient of CT (lowering CT at the surface and increasing it in the ocean interior) and the exchange of CO$_2$ at the air–sea interface. The chapter also presents the seasonal cycle of the carbonate system and ancillary variables in the surface water.
Published: 2020
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37. Climate Change Effects on the Ligurian Sea Pelagic Ecosystem. What About Top Pelagic Predators?

Author: Jean-Marc Fromentin, Maurizio Würtz, University of Genoa (UNIGE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Christophe Migon, Antoine Sciandra, and Paul Nival
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geography, Oceanography, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Climate change, Pelagic zone, 14. Life underwater, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pelagic ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Predation
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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38. Physical Oceanography of the Ligurian Sea

Author: Pierre Testor, Vincent Taillandier, Louis Marie Prieur, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Christophe Migon, Antoine Sciandra, Paul Nival, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Oceanography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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39. The Mediterranean Sea in the era of global change. Vol. 1 : 30 years of multidisciplinary study of the Ligurian sea

Author: Paul Nival, Marina Levy, Nicolas Mayot, Migon, C. (ed.), Nival, P. (ed.), Sciendra, A. (ed.), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Christophe Migon, Paul Nival, Antoine Sciandra, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biogeochemical modeling studies, PHYTOPLANCTON, VARIATION SAISONNIERE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, PRODUCTION PRIMAIRE, spatiotemporal processes, Mesoscale meteorology, primary production cycles, STRUCTURE DE POPULATION, 01 natural sciences, Ligurian Sea, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, OCEANOGRAPHIE BIOLOGIQUE, Phytoplankton, phytoplankton biomass, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, Transect, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, BIOMASSE, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Lead (sea ice), Biogeochemistry, Annual cycle, MODELISATION, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, VARIATION SPATIALE, DYNAMIQUE DE POPULATION
Abstract: International audience; The oceanographic and ecological characteristics of phytoplankton dynamics in the Ligurian Sea had been described in the 1960s from transects across the area and related to some physical–biogeochemical processes. This chapter provides an overview of the micro‐, nano‐ and picophytoplankton species. Recurrent estimations of annual primary production cycles in the euphotic layer of the central Ligurian Sea were obtained at the DYFAMED sampling station. Associated with general annual cycle of phytoplankton dynamics, small spatiotemporal processes occur and may play a lead role at local scales. The biogeochemistry of the Ligurian Sea shares important characteristics with other temperate regions of the ocean, such as the North Atlantic. Modeling studies of this complex system has paved the way for the understanding of the coupling between the physics of the ocean and the response of the biogeochemistry in environments that are prone to strong seasonal variations of the surface mixed layer and to strong mesoscale dynamics.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

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