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1. Transport Variability of the Irminger Sea Deep Western Boundary Current From a Mooring Array.

Author

Hopkins, J. E., Holliday, N. P., Rayner, D., Wilson, C., Bacon, S., Houpert, L., Le Bras, I., and Straneo, F.

Subjects
OCEAN currents, OCEAN circulation, OCEAN temperature, SALINITY
Abstract

The Deep Western Boundary Current in the subpolar North Atlantic is the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and a key component of the global climate system. Here, a mooring array deployed at 60°N in the Irminger Sea, between 2014 and 2016, provides the longest continuous record of total Deep Western Boundary Current volume transport at this latitude. The 1.8‐year averaged transport of water denser than σθ = 27.8 kg/m3 was −10.8 ± 4.9 Sv (mean ± 1 std; 1 Sv = 106 m3/s). Of this total, we find −4.1 ± 1.4 Sv within the densest layer (σθ > 27.88 kg/m3) that originated from the Denmark Strait Overflow. The lighter North East Atlantic Deep Water layer (σθ = 27.8–27.88 kg/m3) carries −6.5 ± 7.7 Sv. The variability in transport ranges between 2 and 65 days. There is a distinct shift from high to low frequency with distance from the East Greenland slope. High‐frequency fluctuations (2–8 days) close to the continental slope are likely associated with topographic Rossby waves and/or cyclonic eddies. Here, perturbations in layer thickness make a significant (20–60%) contribution to transport variability. In deeper water, toward the center of the Irminger Basin, transport variance at 55 days dominates. Our results suggest that there has been a 1.8 Sv increase in total transport since 2005–2006, but this difference can be accounted for by a range of methodological and data limitation biases. Plain Language Summary: A network of currents in the Atlantic Ocean plays an important role in the global climate system, redistributing heat, salt, nutrients, and carbon around the globe. It is made up of a northward flow of warm, salty water in the upper layers of the Atlantic, and a deep, southward flow of colder, denser water. Dense water is formed at high latitudes when surface waters release heat to the atmosphere and sink toward the seafloor. This forms the Deep Western Boundary Current that moves southward to the east of Greenland. Knowing how much water is carried and whether the current is stable is vital to our understanding of global climate. Using measurements of temperature, salinity, and current speed from instruments deployed between 2014 and 2016, we find that the Deep Western Boundary Current transports on average 10.8 × 106 m3 of water a second. This transport varies in time. It increases and decreases from day to day and month to month. Eddies, waves, and other ocean currents all contribute to these fluctuations. Our results suggest that transport has increased since 2005–2006, but it is possible to account for this change by considering the limitations of previous data sets and the methods used to calculate the transport. Key Points: Volume transport of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the Irminger Sea between 2014 and 2016 was ‐10.8 +/‐ 4.9 SvTransport variability shifts from high (2‐8 days) to low (55 days) frequencies with distance down slopeNo significant long‐term trend in transport was identified [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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2. Structure and Transport of the North Atlantic Current in the Eastern Subpolar Gyre From Sustained Glider Observations.

Author

Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Dumont, E., Gary, S., Johnson, C., Porter, M., Johns, W. E., and Cunningham, S. A.

Subjects
OCEAN gyres, OCEAN circulation, GEOSTROPHIC currents, BANKS (Oceanography)
Abstract

Abstract: Repeat glider sections obtained during 2014–2016, as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program, are used to quantify the circulation and transport of North Atlantic Current (NAC) branches over the Rockall Plateau. Using 16 glider sections collected along 58°N and between 21°W and 15°W, absolute geostrophic velocities are calculated, and subsequently the horizontal and vertical structure of the transport are characterized. The annual mean northward transport (± standard deviation) is 5.1 ± 3.2 Sv over the Rockall Plateau. During summer (May to October), the mean northward transport is stronger and reaches 6.7 ± 2.6 Sv. This accounts for 43% of the total NAC transport of upper‐ocean waters (σO<27.55 kg/m3) estimated by Sarafanov et al. (2012, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007572) along 59.5°N, between the Reykjanes Ridge and Scotland. Two quasi‐permanent northward flowing branches of the NAC are identified: (i) the Hatton Bank Jet (6.3 ±  2.1 Sv) over the eastern flank of the Iceland Basin (20.5°W to 18.5°W) and (ii) the Rockall Bank Jet (1.5 ±  0.7 Sv) over the eastern flank of the Hatton‐Rockall Basin (16°W to 15°W). Transport associated with the Rockall Bank Jet is mostly depth independent during summer, while 30% of the Hatton Bank Jet transport is due to vertical geostrophic shear. Uncertainties are estimated for each individual glider section using a Monte Carlo approach, and mean uncertainties of the absolute transport are less than 0.5 Sv. Although comparisons with altimetry‐based estimates indicate similar large‐scale circulation patterns, altimetry data do not resolve small mesoscale current bands in the Hatton‐Rockall Basin which are strongly needed for the right transport estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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3. Deep-Sea Bioluminescence Blooms after Dense Water Formation at the Ocean Surface

Author

LO PRESTI, Domenico, Christian, Tamburini, Canals, M, Durrieu de Madron, X, Houpert, L, Lefe`vre, D, Se´verine, Martini1, 2, Fabrizio, D’Ortenzio5, Anne, Robert1, Pierre, Testor6, Juan Antonio Aguilar7, Imen Al Samarai8, Arnaud, Albert9, Michel Andre´ 10, Marco, Anghinolfi11, Gisela, Anton12, Shebli, Anvar13, Miguel, Ardid14, Ana Carolina Assis Jesus15, Astraatmadja15¤a, Tri L., Jean Jacques Aubert8, Bruny, Baret16, Ste´phane, Basa17, Vincent, Bertin8, Simone, Biagi18, Armando, Bigi20, Ciro, Bigongiari7, Claudio, Bogazzi15, Manuel Bou Cabo14, Boutayeb, Bouhou16, Bouwhuis15, Mieke C., Jurgen, Brunner8¤b, Jose´, Busto8, Francisco, Camarena14, Antonio, Capone21, Christina, Caˆrloganu23, Giada, Carminati18, 19¤c, John, Carr8, Stefano, Cecchini18, Ziad, Charif8, Philippe, Charvis25, Tommaso, Chiarusi18, Marco, Circella26, Rosa, Coniglione27, Heide, Costantini8, Paschal, Coyle8, Christian, Curtil8, Patrick, Decowski15, Ivan, Dekeyser1, Anne, Deschamps25, Corinne, Donzaud16, Damien, Dornic7, 8, Dorosti29, Hasankiadeh Q., Doriane, Drouhin9, Thomas, Eberl12, Umberto, Emanuele7, Jean Pierre Ernenwein8, Ste´phanie, Escoffier8, Paolo, Fermani21, Marcelino, Ferri14, Vincenzo, Flaminio20, Florian, Folger12, Ulf, Fritsch12, Jean Luc Fuda1, 2¤d, Salvatore Galata`, 8, Pascal, Gay23, Giorgio, Giacomelli18, Valentina, Giordano27, Juan Pablo Go´mez Gonza´ lez7, Kay, Graf12, Goulven, Guillard23, Garadeb, Halladjian8, Gregory, Hallewell8, Hans van Haren31, Joris, Hartman15, Heijboer15, Aart J., Yann, Hello25, Juan Jose Herna´ndez Rey7, Bjoern, Herold12, Jurgen Ho¨ ßl12, Ching Cheng Hsu15, Marteen de Jong15¤a, Matthias, Kadler32, Oleg, Kalekin12, Alexander, Kappes12, Uli, Katz12, Oksana, Kavatsyuk29, Paul, Kooijman15, 34, 33, Claudio, Kopper12, Antoine, Kouchner16, Ingo Kreykenbohm 32, Vladimir, Kulikovskiy11, Robert, Lahmann12, Patrick, Lamare13, Giuseppina, Larosa14, Dario, Lattuada27, Gordon, Lim15, Domenico Lo Presti36, Herbert, Loehner29, Sotiris, Loucatos38, Salvatore, Mangano7, Michel, Marcelin17, Annarita, Margiotta18, Juan Antonio Martinez Mora14, Athina, Meli12, Teresa, Montaruli26, Luciano, Moscoso16, 38{, Holger, Motz12, Max, Neff12, Emma nuel Nezri17, Dimitris, Palioselitis15, Pa˘va˘ las¸40, Gabriela E., Kevin, Payet38, Patrice, Payre8, Jelena, Petrovic15, Paolo, Piattelli27, Nicolas Picot Clemente8, Vlad, Popa40, Thierry, Pradier41, Eleonora, Presani15, Chantal, Racca9, Corey, Reed15, Giorgio, Riccobene27, Carsten, Richardt12, Roland, Richter12, Colas Rivie` re8, Kathrin, Roensch12, Andrei, Rostovtsev42, Joaquin Ruiz Rivas7, Marius, Rujoiu40, Russo36, Valerio G., Francisco, Salesa7, Augustin Sa´nchez Losa7, Piera, Sapienza27, Friederike Scho¨ ck12, Jean Pierre Schuller38, Fabian, Schussler38, Rezo, Shanidze12, Francesco, Simeone21, Andreas, Spies12, Maurizio, Spurio18, Steijger15, Jos J. M., Thierry, Stolarczyk38, Taiuti11, Mauro G. F., Simona, Toscano7, Bertrand, Vallage38, Ve´ronique Van Elewyck16, Giulia, Vannoni38, Manuela, Vecchi8, Pascal, Vernin38, Guus, Wijnker15, Jorn, Wilms32, Els de Wolf15, Harold, Yepes7, Dmitry, Zaborov42, Juan De Dios Zornoza7, Juan Zu´ n˜ iga7, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de Recherche en Physique des Hautes Energies (GRPHE), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-IUT de Colmar, Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANTARES, ANR-05-BLAN-0161,POTES,Pressure effects On marine prokaryoTES(2005), European Project: 202955,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2007-1,EUROSITES(2008), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Colmar, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, John Murray Robert, Christian Tamburini, Miquel Canal, Xavier Durrieu de Madron, Loïc Houpert, Dominique Lefèvre, Séverine Martini, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Anne Robert, Pierre Testor, Juan Antonio Aguilar, Imen Al Samarai, Arnaud Albert, Michel André, Marco Anghinolfi, Gisela Anton, Shebli Anvar, Miguel Ardid, Ana Carolina Assis Jesu, Tri L. Astraatmadja, Jean-Jacques Aubert, Bruny Baret, Stéphane Basa, Vincent Bertin, Simone Biagi, Armando Bigi, Ciro Bigongiari, Claudio Bogazzi, Manuel Bou-Cabo, Boutayeb Bouhou, Mieke C. Bouwhui, Jurgen Brunner, José Busto, Francisco Camarena, Antonio Capone, Christina Cârloganu, Giada Carminati, John Carr, Stefano Cecchini, Ziad Charif, Philippe Charvi, Tommaso Chiarusi, Marco Circella, Rosa Coniglione, Heide Costantini, Paschal Coyle, Christian Curtil, Patrick Decowski, Ivan Dekeyser, Anne Deschamp, Corinne Donzaud, Damien Dornic, Hasankiadeh Q. Dorosti, Doriane Drouhin, Thomas Eberl, Umberto Emanuele, Jean-Pierre Ernenwein, Stéphanie Escoffier, Paolo Fermani, Marcelino Ferri, Vincenzo Flaminio, Florian Folger, Ulf Fritsch, Jean-Luc Fuda, Salvatore Galatà, Pascal Gay, Giorgio Giacomelli, Valentina Giordano, Juan-Pablo Gómez-González, Kay Graf, Goulven Guillard, Garadeb Halladjian, Gregory Hallewell, Hans van Haren, Joris Hartman, Aart J. Heijboer, Yann Hello, Juan Jose Hernández-Rey, Bjoern Herold, Jurgen Hößl, Ching-Cheng Hsu, Marteen de Jong, Matthias Kadler, Oleg Kalekin, Alexander Kappe, Uli Katz, Oksana Kavatsyuk, Paul Kooijman, Claudio Kopper, Antoine Kouchner, Ingo Kreykenbohm, Vladimir Kulikovskiy, Robert Lahmann, Patrick Lamare, Giuseppina Larosa, Dario Lattuada, Gordon Lim, Domenico Lo Presti, Herbert Loehner, Sotiris Loucato, Salvatore Mangano, Michel Marcelin, Annarita Margiotta, Juan Antonio Martinez-Mora, Athina Meli, Teresa Montaruli, Luciano Moscoso, Holger Motz, Max Neff, Emma nuel Nezri, Dimitris Palioseliti, Gabriela E. Păvălaş, Kevin Payet, Patrice Payre, Jelena Petrovic, Paolo Piattelli, Nicolas Picot-Clemente, Vlad Popa, Thierry Pradier, Eleonora Presani, Chantal Racca, Corey Reed, Giorgio Riccobene, Carsten Richardt, Roland Richter, Colas Rivière, Kathrin Roensch, Andrei Rostovtsev, Joaquin Ruiz-Riva, Marius Rujoiu, Valerio G. Russo, Francisco Salesa, Augustin Sánchez-Losa, Piera Sapienza, Friederike Schöck, Jean-Pierre Schuller, Fabian Schussler, Rezo Shanidze, Francesco Simeone, Andreas Spie, Maurizio Spurio, Jos J. M. Steijger, Thierry Stolarczyk, Mauro G. F. Taiuti, Simona Toscano, Bertrand Vallage, Véronique Van Elewyck, Giulia Vannoni, Manuela Vecchi, Pascal Vernin, Guus Wijnker, Jorn Wilm, Els de Wolf, Harold Yepe, Dmitry Zaborov, Juan De Dios Zornoza, Juan Zúñiga, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ANR-05-BLAN-0161,POTES,Projet POTES - Pressure effects On marine prokaryoTES(2005), Universitat de Barcelona, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Colmar-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques

Subjects
Desenvolupament humà i sostenible::Medi ambient [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], 0106 biological sciences, DYNAMICS, Salinity, ANTARES NEUTRINO TELESCOPE, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät -ohne weitere Spezifikation, IMPACT, Ocean Circulation, Psychologie appliquée, lcsh:Medicine, Cell Count, Astronomical Sciences, Oceanografia, Astrophysics, Oceanography, Ecologia marina, 01 natural sciences, Bathyal zone, NEUTRINO TELESCOPES, Mediterranean sea, Oceans, lcsh:Science, deep-sea bioluminescenceantares, Ecosistemes marins, Multidisciplinary, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, Mediterrània (Mar), Mediterranean Region, Marine Ecology, MEDITERRANEAN SEA, Eutrophication, Biogeochemistry, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, Deep sea, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Light emission, Seasons, ddc:500, Bioluminescence, Biologie, Research Article, ATLANTIC, GULF, Oceans and Seas, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Marine Biology, Convection, Fluorescence, Microbial Ecology, Carbon Cycle, Marine ecology, Astroparticle Physics, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, Water Column, Ecosystem, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Salinitat, Neutrinos, Biology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Marine plankton, BACKGROUND LIGHT, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biological Oceanography, lcsh:R, Plàncton, Pelagic zone, Marine and aquatic sciences, Earth sciences, Light intensity, Sea water, Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, CONVECTION, FISICA APLICADA, Luminescent Measurements, Aigua de mar, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Physical Oceanography
Abstract

The deep ocean is the largest and least known ecosystem on Earth. It hosts numerous pelagic organisms, most of which are able to emit light. Here we present a unique data set consisting of a 2.5-year long record of light emission by deep-sea pelagic organisms, measured from December 2007 to June 2010 at the ANTARES underwater neutrino telescope in the deep NW Mediterranean Sea, jointly with synchronous hydrological records. This is the longest continuous time-series of deep-sea bioluminescence ever recorded. Our record reveals several weeks long, seasonal bioluminescence blooms with light intensity up to two orders of magnitude higher than background values, which correlate to changes in the properties of deep waters. Such changes are triggered by the winter cooling and evaporation experienced by the upper ocean layer in the Gulf of Lion that leads to the formation and subsequent sinking of dense water through a process known as "open-sea convection". It episodically renews the deep water of the study area and conveys fresh organic matter that fuels the deep ecosystems. Luminous bacteria most likely are the main contributors to the observed deep-sea bioluminescence blooms. Our observations demonstrate a consistent and rapid connection between deep open-sea convection and bathypelagic biological activity, as expressed by bioluminescence. In a setting where dense water formation events are likely to decline under global warming scenarios enhancing ocean stratification, in situ observatories become essential as environmental sentinels for the monitoring and understanding of deep-sea ecosystem shifts. © 2013 Tamburini et al., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2013
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4. Impact of open-ocean convection on particle fluxes and sediment dynamics in the deep margin of the Gulf of Lions.

Author

Stabholz, M., de Madron, X. Durrieu, Canals, M., Khripounoff, A., Taupier-Letage, I., Testor, P., Heussner, S., Kerhervé, P., Delsaut, N., Houpert, L., Lastras, G., and Dennielou, B.

Subjects
SEDIMENT analysis, OCEAN circulation, FLUX (Energy), DEEP-sea ecology, HYDRODYNAMICS, OCEAN convection
Abstract

The deep outer margin of the Gulf of Lions and the adjacent basin, in the western Mediterranean Sea, are regularly impacted by open-ocean convection, a major hydrodynamic event responsible for the ventilation of the deep water in the western Mediterranean Basin. However, the impact of open-ocean convection on the flux and transport of particulate matter remains poorly understood. The variability of water mass properties (i.e., temperature and salinity), currents, and particle fluxes were monitored between September 2007 and April 2009 at five instrumented mooring lines deployed between 2050 and 2350-m depth in the deepest continental margin and adjacent basin. Four of the lines followed a NW- SE transect, while the fifth one was located on a sediment wave field to the west. The results of the main, central line SC2350 ("LION") located at 42°02.5' N, 4°41' E, at 2350m depth, show that open-ocean convection reached midwater depth (≈ 1000-m depth) during winter 2007-2008, and reached the seabed (≈ 2350-m depth) during winter 20082009. Horizontal currents were unusually strong with speeds up to 39 cm s-1 during winter 2008-2009. The measurements at all 5 different locations indicate that mid-depth and near-bottom currents and particle fluxes gave relatively consistent values of similar magnitude across the study area except during winter 2008-2009, when near-bottom fluxes abruptly increased by one to two orders of magnitude. Particulate organic carbon contents, which generally vary between 3 and 5 %, were abnormally low (≤ 1%) during winter 20082009 and approached those observed in surface sediments (≈ 0.6 %). Turbidity profiles made in the region demonstrated the existence of a bottom nepheloid layer, several hundred meters thick, and related to the resuspension of bottom sediments. These observations support the view that open-ocean deep convection events in the Gulf of Lions can cause significant remobilization of sediments in the deep outer margin and the basin, with a subsequent alteration of the seabed likely impacting the functioning of the deep-sea ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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5. A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic.

Author

Lozier, M. S., Li, F., Bacon, S., Bahr, F., Bower, A. S., Cunningham, S. A., de Jong, M. F., de Steur, L., deYoung, B., Fischer, J., Gary, S. F., Greenan, B. J. W., Holliday, N. P., Houk, A., Houpert, L., Inall, M. E., Johns, W. E., Johnson, H. L., Johnson, C., and Karstensen, J.

Subjects
*MERIDIONAL overturning circulation, *OCEAN circulation, *OCEANOGRAPHY, *ATLANTIC meridional overturning circulation
Abstract

To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results suggest that the conversion of warm, salty, shallow Atlantic waters into colder, fresher, deep waters that move southward in the Irminger and Iceland basins is largely responsible for overturning and its variability in the subpolar basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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