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1. HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet pulsar

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. Belmont-Moreno, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño De León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, N. Fraija, K. Fang, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, A. Jardin-Blicq, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, A. Lara, J. Lee, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, Y. Pérez Araujo, Y. Son, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, J. Serna-Franco, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, H. Zhou, and HEP, INSPIRE

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), formation, water, halo, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, VHE, observatory, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, TeV, spectral, Cherenkov, galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, pulsar
Abstract

Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1–100 TeV) γ-ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as “TeV halos.” Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to a certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE γ-ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with >6σ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multiwavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multiwavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a noncrowded region in the outer galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.

Published
2023

2. Search for Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Coincidences Using HAWC and ANTARES Data

Author

H. A. Ayala Solares, S. Coutu, D. Cowen, D. B. Fox, T. Grégoire, F. McBride, M. Mostafá, K. Murase, S. Wissel, A. Albert, S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J.-J. Aubert, J. Aublin, B. Baret, S. Basa, B. Belhorma, M. Bendahman, F. Benfenati, V. Bertin, S. Biagi, M. Bissinger, J. Boumaaza, M. Bouta, M. C. Bouwhuis, H. Brânzaş, R. Bruijn, J. Brunner, J. Busto, B. Caiffi, D. Calvo, A. Capone, L. Caramete, J. Carr, V. Carretero, S. Celli, M. Chabab, T. N. Chau, R. Cherkaoui El Moursli, T. Chiarusi, M. Circella, J. A. B. Coelho, A. Coleiro, R. Coniglione, P. Coyle, A. Creusot, A. F. Díaz, G. de Wasseige, B. De Martino, C. Distefano, I. Di Palma, A. Domi, C. Donzaud, D. Dornic, D. Drouhin, T. Eberl, T. van Eeden, D. van Eijk, N. El Khayati, A. Enzenhöfer, P. Fermani, G. Ferrara, F. Filippini, L. Fusco, J. García, P. Gay, H. Glotin, R. Gozzini, R. Gracia Ruiz, K. Graf, C. Guidi, S. Hallmann, H. van Haren, A. J. Heijboer, Y. Hello, J. J. Hernández-Rey, J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, F. Huang, G. Illuminati, C. W. James, B. Jisse-Jung, M. de Jong, P. de Jong, M. Kadler, O. Kalekin, U. Katz, A. Kouchner, I. Kreykenbohm, V. Kulikovskiy, R. Lahmann, M. Lamoureux, R. Le Breton, D. Lefèvre, E. Leonora, G. Levi, S. Le Stum, D. Lopez-Coto, S. Loucatos, L. Maderer, J. Manczak, M. Marcelin, A. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, J. A. Martínez-Mora, K. Melis, P. Migliozzi, A. Moussa, R. Muller, L. Nauta, S. Navas, E. Nezri, B. Ó Fearraigh, A. Păun, G. E. Păvălaş, C. Pellegrino, M. Perrin-Terrin, V. Pestel, P. Piattelli, C. Pieterse, C. Poirè, V. Popa, T. Pradier, N. Randazzo, D. Real, S. Reck, G. Riccobene, A. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, D. F. E. Samtleben, M. Sanguineti, P. Sapienza, J. Schnabel, J. Schumann, F. Schüssler, J. Seneca, M. Spurio, Th. Stolarczyk, M. Taiuti, Y. Tayalati, S. J. Tingay, B. Vallage, V. Van Elewyck, F. Versari, S. Viola, D. Vivolo, J. Wilms, S. Zavatarelli, A. Zegarelli, J. D. Zornoza, J. Zúñiga, C. Alvarez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Babu, E. Belmont-Moreno, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, U. Cotti, O. Chaparro-Amaro, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, E. De la Fuente, C. de León, R. Diaz Hernandez, M. A. DuVernois, M. Durocher, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, K. Engel, C. Espinoza, K. L. Fan, M. Fernández Alonso, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, D. Huang, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, A. Lara, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, G. Luis-Raya, K. Malone, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, L. Nellen, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, N. Omodei, A. Peisker, Y. Pérez Araujo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. D. Rho, D. Rosa-González, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, A. J. Smith, Y. Son, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, R. Turner, F. Ureña-Mena, E. Varela, X. Wang, K. Whitaker, E. Willox, A. Zepeda, H. Zhou, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMON Team, ANTARES, HAWC, Centre Tecnològic de Vilanova i la Geltrú, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. LAB - Laboratori d'Aplicacions Bioacústiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrofísica, ANTARES, Telescopis, background, water, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, neutrino: particle source, Astrophysics, neutrino: UHE, IceCube, observatory, neutrino: detector, Space and Planetary Science, gamma ray, Física::Astronomia i astrofísica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Cherenkov, Neutrins, Neutrinos, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], HAWC, Telescopes
Abstract

In the quest for high-energy neutrino sources, the Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network has implemented a new search by combining data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory and the Astronomy with a Neutrino Telescope and Abyss environmental RESearch (ANTARES) neutrino telescope. Using the same analysis strategy as in a previous detector combination of HAWC and IceCube data, we perform a search for coincidences in HAWC and ANTARES events that are below the threshold for sending public alerts in each individual detector. Data were collected between 2015 July and 2020 February with a live time of 4.39 yr. Over this time period, three coincident events with an estimated false-alarm rate of, The National Science Foundation under grants PHY-1708146, PHY-1806854, The Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos of the Pennsylvania State University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commission Européenne (FEDER fund and Marie Curie Program), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), LabEx UnivEarthS (ANR-10-LABX-0023 and ANR-18-IDEX-0001), Région Île-de-France (DIM-ACAV), Région Alsace (contrat CPER), Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, Département du Var and Ville de La Seyne-sur-Mer, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (UEFISCDI), Romania; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación, Investigación y Universidades (MCIU), Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento (refs. PGC2018- 096663-B-C41, -A-C42, B-C43, B-C44, PID2021- 124591NB-C41, C42, C43, (MCIU/FEDER), Generalitat Valenciana, Prometeo (PROMETEO/2020/019), Grisolía (refs. GRISOLIA/2018/119, /2021/192), GenT (refs. /2019/043, /2020/049, /2021/023) programs, Junta de Andalucía (ref. A-FQM-053-UGR18), La Caixa Foundation (ref. LCF/BQ/IN17/11620019), MSC program (ref. 101025085), Spain; Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Innovation, The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, Kuwait, US National Science Foundation (NSF), The US Department of Energy Office of High-Energy Physics, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), México, grants 271051, 232656, 260378, 179588, 254964, 258865, 243290, 132197, A1-S-46288, A1- S-22784, Cátedras 873, 1563, 341, 323, Red HAWC, México, DGAPA-UNAM grants IG101320, IN111716-3, IN111419, IA102019, IN110621, IN110521, VIEP-BUAP, PIFI 2012, PROFOCIE 2014, 2015, the University of Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, The Institute of Geophysics, Planetary Physics, Signatures at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Polish Science Centre grant, DEC-2017/27/B/ ST9/02272, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la Universidad Michoacana; Royal Society—Newton Advanced Fellowship 180385, Generalitat Valenciana, grant CIDEGENT/ 2018/034, The Program Management Unit for Human Resources & Institutional Development, Research and Innovation, NXPO (grant No. B16F630069), Coordinación General Académica e Innovación (CGAI-UdeG), PRODEP-SEP UDGCA- 499; Institute of Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR), University of Tokyo, NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002

Published
2023

3. TeV Emission of Galactic Plane Sources with HAWC and H.E.S.S

Author

Nicola Omodei, Sebastian Panny, A. Sandoval, Q. Piel, S. Raab, Arturo Iriarte, Kirsty Feijen, R. D. Parsons, Michael Newbold, J. Zorn, Michael Schneider, Fernando Garfias, D. Huber, Christo Venter, Jacek Niemiec, Arnaud Mares, Frank M. Rieger, Thomas Weisgarber, A. Dmytriiev, Olaf Reimer, A. Zech, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Thomas Bylund, Y. A. Gallant, David Sánchez, R. López-Coto, Jorge Cotzomi, Jacques Muller, H. León Vargas, Alison Peisker, Justine Devin, Thomas Murach, P. Morris, Harm Schoorlemmer, Jonathan Mackey, Andrea Albert, Samuel Zouari, Pascal Vincent, M. Zacharias, Stefan Ohm, S. Pita, Tadayuki Takahashi, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, A. Yusafzai, Andreas Quirrenbach, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Stefano Gabici, Regis Terrier, Victor Doroshenko, L. Nellen, Włodek Kluźniak, R. Noriega-Papaqui, E. Kasai, C. Moore, L. Oakes, J. Bolmont, Michal Ostrowski, J.-P. Lenain, Pooja Surajbali, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. Moulin, Tomasz Bulik, Rhiannon Turner, Lente Dreyer, O. Martinez, Stefan Klepser, Alessandro Montanari, D. J. van der Walt, Fernando Ureña-Mena, J. P. Harding, César Alvarez, Michael DuVernois, A.M. Taylor, J. C. Arteaga-Velézquez, Connor Duffy, Davit Zargaryan, R. J. White, Stefan Funk, Alicja Wierzcholska, Dmitriy Kostunin, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, R. Rauth, Maria Magdalena González, Kristi Engel, A. Galván-Gámez, Christoph Deil, Krzysztof Katarzynski, F. Eichhorn, Mohanraj Senniappan, E. Moreno, Michael Punch, Axel Donath, B. Hona, A. W. Chen, S. Steinmassl, Sami Caroff, Domenico Tiziani, D. Malyshev, Catherine Boisson, M. Panter, Mora Durocher, U. Katz, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, C. Arcaro, H. Zhou, Michael Backes, S. Coutiño de León, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, M. de Bony de Lavergne, R. Brose, Petra Hüntemeyer, C. Levy, Francois Brun, R. J. Tuffs, B. Bi, Andreas Specovius, Joachim Hahn, K. P. Arunbabu, Riaan Steenkamp, Gavin Rowell, P. Reichherzer, James E. M. Watson, M. Bryan, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Łukasz Stawarz, C. van Rensburg, Pierre Brun, Brenda Dingus, V. Marandon, J. A. Morales-Soto, M. Büchele, H. Prokoph, C. De León, A. Marcowith, V. Baghmanyan, J. Schäfer, Nu. Komin, Tim Holch, Q. Remy, H. M. Schutte, Isak Delberth Davids, A. Fiasson, Jean-Pierre Ernenwein, Hassan Abdalla, S. Hernandez, Jim Hinton, V. Sahakian, E. De la Fuente, F. Werner, Mischa Breuhaus, Luis Villaseñor, Yu Wun Wong, Hambeleleni Ndiyavala, D. Avila Rojas, G. Lamanna, K. S. Caballero-Mora, Roberta Zanin, G. Emery, Halim Ashkar, Fabian Leuschner, Heiko Salzmann, A. S. Seyffert, Kwok Lung Fan, M. Hörbe, T. Tavernier, Nissim Illich Fraija, P. T. O'Brien, Johannes Veh, S. Sailer, Dmitry Khangulyan, Gilles Maurin, S. J. Fegan, A. Djannati-Ataï, D. Jankowsky, J. Dyks, Celine Armand, M. Füßling, R. Marx, Dieter Horns, M. Tluczykont, F. Ait Benkhali, J. F. Glicenstein, M. U. Nisa, Marek Jamrozy, Clemens Hoischen, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Jardin-Blicq, E. O. Angüner, R. Diaz Hernandez, N. Shafi, Natalia Żywucka, M. de Naurois, Andrea Santangelo, K. Malone, Gwenael Giacinti, L. Sun, M.-H. Grondin, D. Garcia, M. Seglar-Arroyo, B. Khélifi, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, B. van Soelen, G. Hermann, Anna Barnacka, D. Gottschall, Anne Lemiere, B. Rudak, Markus Böttcher, K. Tollefson, Jhilik Majumdar, Helene Sol, T. Chand, C. Brisbois, Andreas Zmija, Tom Armstrong, Elijah Willox, Carlo Romoli, Alison Mitchell, R. Torres-Escobedo, Atreyee Sinha, Manuel Meyer, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Zorawar Wadiasingh, A. Priyana Noel, V. Barbosa Martins, C. van Eldik, M. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Tsirou, Michael Kreter, Anna Lia Longinotti, F. Schüssler, Dezhi Huang, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Werner Hofmann, Monica Barnard, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, V. Poireau, Jimmy N.S. Shapopi, K. Nakashima, José Serna-Franco, G. Peron, Garret Cotter, Jacco Vink, A. Carraminana, Umberto Cotti, Jim Davies, M. A. Kastendieck, Thomas Lohse, K. Kosack, Paolo Marchegiani, Konrad Bernlöhr, Heinrich J. Völk, Sabrina Casanova, Catalina Espinoza, M. Renaud, D. Berge, G. Vasileiadis, F. Salesa Greus, I. Jung-Richardt, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, Gilles Fontaine, J. T. Linnemann, Lenka Tomankova, M. Mostafá, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, R. Konno, Gianluca Giavitto, V. Joshi, B. Peyaud, G. Pühlhofer, J. A. Goodman, H. Odaka, A. Reimer, R. W. Ellsworth, R. W. Springer, M. Curyło, F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Y. Pérez Araujo, A. Nayerhoda, Christian Stegmann, Stefan Wagner, Yasunobu Uchiyama, David Kieda, L. Mohrmann, Misao Sasaki, Markus Holler, Felix Jankowsky, Felix Aharonian, D. Glawion, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Segev BenZvi, Constantin Steppa, L. Giunti, D. A. Prokhorov, Ullrich Schwanke, L. Rinchiuso, J. A. Matthews, Ibrahim Torres, Rachel Simoni, A. Carosi, K. Egberts, S. Chandra, Ruben Alfaro, Sabrina Einecke, Iryna Lypova, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Yvonne Becherini, M. Fernández Alonso, L. Dirson, G. Martí-Devesa, C. Trichard, Sylvia Zhu, P. J. Meintjes, J. H. E. Thiersen, Marion Spir-Jacob, Maria Haupt, C. D. Rho, Rafal Moderski, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collaboration, H.E.S.S., and Collaboration, HAWC

Subjects
High-energy astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, IACT, Field of view, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Stereoscopic System, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], High energy astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) are two leading instruments in the ground-based very-high-energy γ-ray domain. HAWC employs the water Cherenkov detection (WCD) technique, while H.E.S.S. is an array of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs). The two facilities therefore differ in multiple aspects, including their observation strategy, the size of their field of view, and their angular resolution, leading to different analysis approaches. Until now, it has been unclear if the results of observations by both types of instruments are consistent: several of the recently discovered HAWC sources have been followed up by IACTs, resulting in a confirmed detection only in a minority of cases. With this paper, we go further and try to resolve the tensions between previous results by performing a new analysis of the H.E.S.S. Galactic plane survey data, applying an analysis technique comparable between H.E.S.S. and HAWC. Events above 1 TeV are selected for both data sets, the point-spread function of H.E.S.S. is broadened to approach that of HAWC, and a similar background estimation method is used. This is the first detailed comparison of the Galactic plane observed by both instruments. H.E.S.S. can confirm the γ-ray emission of four HAWC sources among seven previously undetected by IACTs, while the three others have measured fluxes below the sensitivity of the H.E.S.S. data set. Remaining differences in the overall γ-ray flux can be explained by the systematic uncertainties. Therefore, we confirm a consistent view of the γ-ray sky between WCD and IACT techniques.

Published
2021

4. HAWC as a Ground-Based Space-Weather Observatory

Author

A. Zepeda, K. P. Arunbabu, S. Hernandez, J. A. Goodman, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, R. W. Springer, O. Tibolla, E. Moreno, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Gerd Joachim Kunde, L. Nellen, D. Garcia, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, V. Baghmanyan, K. Malone, C. Alvarez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. A. Morales-Soto, E. Tabachnick, Dezhi Huang, Catalina Espinoza, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Luis Villaseñor, Segev BenZvi, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Alison Peisker, John Matthews, A. Sandoval, James M. Ryan, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Umberto Cotti, Binita Hona, Michael Newbold, C. De León, P. Colin-Farias, Ibrahim Torres, Jorge Cotzomi, Nissim Illich Fraija, A. Galván-Gámez, R. Torres-Escobedo, Brenda Dingus, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Fernando Garfias, Tomás Capistrán, H. León Vargas, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Y. Pérez Araujo, Maria Magdalena González, J. P. Harding, A. Nayerhoda, Chang Dong Rho, Hongyan Zhou, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Simone Dichiara, Arturo Iriarte, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, V. Joshi, K. Tollefson, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Coutiño de León, Alejandro Lara, and O. Martinez

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Space weather, 01 natural sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), Cherenkov radiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is located close to the equator (latitude $18^{\circ }$ N), at an altitude of 4100 m above sea level. HAWC has 295 water Cherenkov detectors (WCD), each containing four photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The main purpose of HAWC is the determination of the energy and arrival direction of very high energy gamma rays produced by energetic processes in the universe, HAWC also has a scaler system which counts the arrival of secondary particles to the detector. In this work we show that the scaler system of HAWC is an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies due to its large area and high sensitivity. In order to prepare the scaler system for low energy heliospheric studies, we model and correct the efficiency variation of each PMT of the array, which result in a capability to measure variations $> 0.01\%$ with high accuracy. Using the singular value decomposition method, we correct the rate deviations of all PMTs of the array, due to changes in efficiency, gain and operational voltage. We isolate and remove the atmospheric modulations of the PMTs count rates measured by the TDC-scaler data acquisition system. In particular, the atmospheric pressure at the HAWC site exhibits an oscillating behavior with a period of ∼12 hours and we make use of this periodic property to estimate the pressure coefficients for the HAWC TDC-scaler system. These corrections performed on the TDC-scaler system make the HAWC TDC-scaler system an ideal instrument for solar modulation and space-weather studies. As examples of this capability, we present the preliminary analysis of the solar modulation of cosmic rays at three time scales observed by HAWC, with an unprecedented accuracy.

Published
2021

5. Evidence of 200 TeV photons from HAWC J1825-134

Author

R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Gerd J. Kunde, Luis Villaseñor, C. Brisbois, K. Tollefson, J. T. Linnemann, Catalina Espinoza, D. Garcia, F. Serna, Nicola Omodei, A. Iriarte, H. A. Ayala Solares, Lukas Nellen, I. Torres, E. Belmont-Moreno, Gwenael Giacinti, A. Sandoval, B. Hona, Segev BenZvi, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Vincent Marandon, H. Fleischhack, Michael Schneider, J. Lundeen, Mehr Nisa, K. Engel, Vardan Baghmanyan, F. Salesa Greus, Nissim Fraija, K. P. Arunbabu, A. L. Longinotti, M. Mostafá, J. A. Goodman, M. Durocher, A. Jardin-Blicq, C. De León, Andrea Albert, M. Newbold, U. Cotti, Brenda Dingus, J. P. Harding, J. Martínez-Castro, Alejandro Lara, A. Peisker, E. Moreno, Amid Nayerhoda, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Michael DuVernois, A. Carramiñana, Y. Pérez Araujo, H. León Vargas, R. Diaz Hernandez, E. Willox, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, John Matthews, A. Galván-Gámez, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Oscar Martinez, G. Luis-Raya, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, P. Hüntemeyer, W. H. Lee, Ke Fang, R. Torres-Escobedo, T. Capistrán, J. Cotzomi, F. Ureña-Mena, F. Garfias, Maria Magdalena González, Hongyan Zhou, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Ruben Alfaro, C. D. Rho, R. W. Springer, H. Salazar, C. Alvarez, D. Huang, K. Malone, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, and Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Proton, Molecular cloud, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Earth is bombarded by ultra-relativistic particles, known as cosmic rays (CRs). CRs with energies up to a few PeV (=10$^{15}$ eV), the knee in the particle spectrum, are believed to have a Galactic origin. One or more factories of PeV CRs, or PeVatrons, must thus be active within our Galaxy. The direct detection of PeV protons from their sources is not possible since they are deflected in the Galactic magnetic fields. Hundred TeV $\gamma$-rays from decaying $\pi^0$, produced when PeV CRs collide with the ambient gas, can provide the decisive evidence of proton acceleration up to the knee. Here we report the discovery by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory of the $\gamma$-ray source, HAWC~J1825-134, whose energy spectrum extends well beyond 200 TeV without a break or cutoff. The source is found to be coincident with a giant molecular cloud. The ambient gas density is as high as 700 protons/cm$^3$. While the nature of this extreme accelerator remains unclear, CRs accelerated to energies of several PeV colliding with the ambient gas likely produce the observed radiation., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2020

6. A survey of active galaxies at TeV photon energies with the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Author

Andrea Albert, Fernando Garfias, Kristi Engel, K. Tollefson, A. Zepeda, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. León Vargas, Segev BenZvi, Binita Hona, H. Zhou, K. P. Arunbabu, J. A. Morales-Soto, C. Brisbois, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Catalina Espinoza, S. Coutiño de León, J. R. Angeles Camacho, Jesús Martínez-Castro, F. Salesa Greus, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Carraminana, Luis Villaseñor, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, E. Moreno, Alejandro Lara, R. W. Springer, Joe Lundeen, C. De León, Alison Peisker, Kwok Lung Fan, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, O. Martinez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Elijah Willox, Gerd Joachim Kunde, Henrike Fleischhack, Fernando Ureña-Mena, John Matthews, Harm Schoorlemmer, Ibrahim Torres, R. Torres-Escobedo, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, David Kieda, V. Baghmanyan, R. Noriega-Papaqui, William H. Lee, L. Olivera-Nieto, I. Martinez-Castellanos, C. D. Rho, Mora Durocher, Petra Hüntemeyer, A. Sandoval, A. J. Smith, M. U. Nisa, K. Malone, Michael Schneider, Jorge Cotzomi, S. Hernandez, J. A. Goodman, Michael DuVernois, A. Jardin-Blicq, Nissim Illich Fraija, Dezhi Huang, D. Garcia, J. P. Harding, T. Weisgarber, A. Nayerhoda, Arturo Iriarte, Michael Newbold, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, J. T. Linnemann, Tomás Capistrán, C. Alvarez, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Umberto Cotti, Maria Magdalena González, Miguel Mostafa, Sabrina Casanova, M. Fernández Alonso, V. Joshi, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, and L. Nellen

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Active galactic nucleus, Radio galaxy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Extragalactic background light, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, Sky, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, media_common
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory (HAWC) continuously detects TeV photons and particles within its large field-of-view, accumulating every day a deeper exposure of two thirds of the sky. We analyzed 1523~days of HAWC live data acquired over four and a half years, in a follow-up analysis of {138} nearby ($z, Comment: The HAWC survey of Fermi 3FHL AGNs: 30 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to the Astrophysical Journal

Published
2020

7. HAWC J2227+610 and its association with G106.3+2.7, a new potential Galactic PeVatron

Author

E. Moreno, P. Hüntemeyer, R. Torres-Escobedo, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. T. Linnemann, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. A. Goodman, J. R. Angeles Camacho, K. Tollefson, Catalina Espinoza, H. León Vargas, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. A. Morales-Soto, Segev BenZvi, A. Galván-Gámez, Luis Villaseñor, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, K. Malone, K. P. Arunbabu, Kwok Lung Fan, D. Garcia, S. Hernandez, U. Cotti, Arnulfo Zepeda, E. De la Fuente, S. S. Marinelli, D. Avila Rojas, E. Belmont-Moreno, Mehr Nisa, Nicola Omodei, H. Schoorlemmer, Andrea Albert, J. P. Harding, F. Garfias, M. Newbold, A. Iriarte, J. D. Álvarez, E. Tabachnick, P. Surajbali, Meghan Tanner, A. J. Smith, B. Hona, C. De León, M. Fernández Alonso, T. Capistrán, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, A. Sandoval, G. Luis-Raya, R. W. Ellsworth, Michael Schneider, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, E. Ruiz-Velasco, S. Coutiño de León, C. Brisbois, M. Mostafá, Y. Pérez Araujo, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, R. W. Springer, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Amid Nayerhoda, T. Weisgarber, Brenda Dingus, Maria Magdalena González, Nissim Fraija, G. Sinnis, Ke Fang, H. Salazar, Lukas Nellen, Hongyan Zhou, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Michael DuVernois, A. Carramiñana, I. Torres, Gwenael Giacinti, F. Ureña-Mena, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, J. Serna Franco, I. Martinez-Castellanos, C. Alvarez, K. Engel, Ruben Alfaro, C. D. Rho, F. Salesa Greus, A. L. Longinotti, W. H. Lee, A. Peisker, L. Diaz-Cruz, D. Huang, J. Cotzomi, J. Martínez-Castro, O. Tibolla, Henrike Fleischhack, J. Hinton, J. Lundeen, Vardan Baghmanyan, John Matthews, Oscar Martinez, and HAWC Collaboration

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Hydrogen compounds, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lower limit, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Supernova remnant, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

We present the detection of VHE gamma-ray emission above 100 TeV from HAWC J2227+610 with the HAWC observatory. Combining our observations with previously published results by VERITAS, we interpret the gamma-ray emission from HAWC J2227+610 as emission from protons with a lower limit in their cutoff energy of 800 TeV. The most likely source of the protons is the associated supernova remnant G106.3+2.7, making it a good candidate for a Galactic PeVatron. However, a purely leptonic origin of the observed emission cannot be excluded at this time., Accepted for publication by ApJL

Published
2020

8. Constraining the local burst rate density of primordial black holes with HAWC

Author

E. G. Pérez-Pérez, U. Cotti, S. Hernandez, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, K. Malone, W. H. Lee, J. Cotzomi, E. Tabachnick, R. Noriega-Papaqui, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Iriarte, Joe Lundeen, B. Hona, S. S. Marinelli, Lukas Nellen, Hao Zhou, Alejandro Lara, G. Sinnis, Michael DuVernois, F. Garfias, I. Torres, A. Carramiñana, K. Tollefson, J. Martínez-Castro, Mehr Nisa, C. D. Rho, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Nissim Fraija, O. Tibolla, C. De León, I. Martinez-Castellanos, E. De la Fuente, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, G. Luis-Raya, R. W. Ellsworth, H. Fleischhack, R. López-Coto, K. Engel, F. Salesa Greus, C. Brisbois, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, R. W. Springer, A. Galván-Gámez, Sabrina Casanova, H. Martínez-Huerta, V. Joshi, Brenda Dingus, Catalina Espinoza, John N. Wood, H. Salazar, Segev BenZvi, C. Alvarez, Vardan Baghmanyan, A. L. Longinotti, Alison Peisker, John Matthews, K. P. Arunbabu, Oscar Martinez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Amid Nayerhoda, Andrea Albert, M. Newbold, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Meghan Tanner, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, P. Hüntemeyer, R. Torres-Escobedo, J. P. Harding, C. Rivière, J. T. Linnemann, Maria Magdalena González, A. Sandoval, J. A. Goodman, Michael Schneider, H. León Vargas, Dezhi Huang, J. A. Morales-Soto, M. Mostafá, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, T. Weisgarber, Arnulfo Zepeda, Ruben Alfaro, and E. Moreno

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Solar mass, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Primordial black hole, Astrophysics, Universe, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 85-05, Black hole, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), RAIOS GAMA, Observatory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, Hawking radiation, media_common
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) may have been created by density fluctuations in the early Universe and could be as massive as $> 10^9$ solar masses or as small as the Planck mass. It has been postulated that a black hole has a temperature inversely-proportional to its mass and will thermally emit all species of fundamental particles via Hawking Radiation. PBHs with initial masses of $\sim 5 \times 10^{14}$ g (approximately one gigaton) should be expiring today with bursts of high-energy gamma radiation in the GeV--TeV energy range. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is sensitive to gamma rays with energies of $\sim$300 GeV to past 100 TeV, which corresponds to the high end of the PBH burst spectrum. With its large instantaneous field-of-view of $\sim 2$ sr and a duty cycle over 95%, the HAWC Observatory is well suited to perform an all-sky search for PBH bursts. We conducted a search using 959 days of HAWC data and exclude the local PBH burst rate density above $3400~\mathrm{pc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$ at 99% confidence, the strongest limit on the local PBH burst rate density from any existing electromagnetic measurement., Corresponding authors: K.L. Engel & A. Peisker. 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2020

9. Data acquisition architecture and online processing system for the HAWC gamma-ray observatory

Author

Jorge Cotzomi, P. Karn, Fernando Garfias, M. Longo Proper, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Petra Hüntemeyer, Thomas Weisgarber, J. P. Harding, T. Yapici, F. Salesa Greus, Alberto Carramiñana, A. Imran, Ruben Alfaro, H. León Vargas, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, T. N. Ukwatta, Varlen Grabski, R. Arceo, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, M. Bonilla Rosales, Michael Newbold, A. J. Smith, O. Martinez, Michael DuVernois, Nissim Illich Fraija, James E. Braun, E. De la Fuente, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Gerd Joachim Kunde, D. Berley, N. Bautista-Elivar, James M. Ryan, A. Sandoval, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, L. Nellen, William H. Lee, J. Pretz, S. S. Marinelli, E. Mendoza Torres, James W. Wood, Kelly Malone, C. M. Hui, Hao Zhou, C. De León, Umberto Cotti, H. Martínez-Huerta, Julie McEnery, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, I. Taboada, K. Sparks Woodle, C. Alvarez, Rodrigo Pelayo, E. C. Linares, J. A.J. Matthews, A. Marinelli, A. Zepeda, David Kieda, S. Westerhoff, F. E. Sanchez, M. Castillo, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, P. W. Younk, D. W. Fiorino, Dirk Lennarz, E. Moreno, J. D. Álvarez, Maria Magdalena González, Arturo Iriarte, T. Oceguera-Becerra, R. J. Lauer, A. Galindo, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, K. Tollefson, Alejandro Lara, Z. Hampel-Arias, R. Diaz Hernandez, Ibrahim Torres, D. Zaborov, J. T. Linnemann, G. B. Yodh, A. S. Barber, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Silich, B. M. Baughman, C. Rivière, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Miguel Mostafa, Segev BenZvi, J. Diaz-Cruz, M. Gussert, B. Patricelli, Brenda Dingus, and R. Luna-Garcia

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Gigabit Ethernet, Electrical engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Dead time, 01 natural sciences, Data processing system, Time-to-digital converter, Air shower, Data acquisition, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Custom software, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory (HAWC) is an air shower array devised for TeV gamma-ray astronomy. HAWC is located at an altitude of 4100 m a.s.l. in Sierra Negra, Mexico. HAWC consists of 300 Water Cherenkov Detectors, each instrumented with 4 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). HAWC re-uses the Front-End Boards from the Milagro experiment to receive the PMT signals. These boards are used in combination with Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) to record the time and the amount of light in each PMT hit (light flash). A set of VME TDC modules (128 channels each) is operated in a continuous (dead time free) mode. The TDCs are read out via the VME bus by Single-Board Computers (SBCs), which in turn are connected to a gigabit Ethernet network. The complete system produces ~ 500 MB/s of raw data. A high-throughput data processing system has been designed and built to enable real-time data analysis. The system relies on off-the-shelf hardware components, an open-source software technology for data transfers (ZeroMQ) and a custom software framework for data analysis (AERIE). Multiple trigger and reconstruction algorithms can be combined and run on blocks of data in a parallel fashion, producing a set of output data streams which can be analyzed in real time with minimal latency (< 5 s). This paper provides an overview of the hardware set-up and an in-depth description of the software design, covering both the TDC data acquisition system and the real-time data processing system. The performance of these systems is also discussed., 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A

Published
2018

10. Multiple Galactic Sources with Emission Above 56 TeV Detected by HAWC

Author

J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, S. Hernandez, A. Carraminana, Maria Magdalena González, Z. Ren, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Dezhi Huang, Catalina Espinoza, J. Pretz, Joe Lundeen, Miguel Mostafa, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, John Matthews, Jesús Martínez-Castro, R. W. Ellsworth, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. A. Morales-Soto, Tomás Capistrán, S. S. Marinelli, C. Brisbois, Haocheng Zhang, V. Joshi, Luis Villaseñor, Ruben Alfaro, C. Rivière, R. W. Springer, Ibrahim Torres, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Fernando Garfias, Michael Newbold, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, A. Nayerhoda, Thomas Weisgarber, A. Galván-Gámez, S. Coutiño de León, E. Ruiz-Velasco, S. Kaufmann, Hao Zhou, Segev BenZvi, J. A. Goodman, Alejandro Lara, Chang Dong Rho, Alison Peisker, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, H. León Vargas, E. Moreno, Kristi Engel, Umberto Cotti, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, K. P. Arunbabu, David Kieda, Jim Hinton, J C Díaz-Vélez, Brenda Dingus, R. López-Coto, Andrea Albert, Henrike Fleischhack, Sabrina Casanova, A. Sandoval, Jorge Cotzomi, R. Torres-Escobedo, Arturo Iriarte, Anna Lia Longinotti, Kelly Malone, Meghan Tanner, Michael Schneider, Harm Schoorlemmer, E. Tabachnick, Nissim Illich Fraija, R. Noriega-Papaqui, M. U. Nisa, O. Tibolla, J. T. Linnemann, William H. Lee, D. Garcia, J. P. Harding, Binita Hona, O. Martinez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, K. Tollefson, Pooja Surajbali, Gus Sinnis, J. Wood, J. R. Angeles Camacho, T. Yapici, H. Martínez-Huerta, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Petra Hüntemeyer, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, A. J. Smith, L. Nellen, V. Baghmanyan, C. De León, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Michael DuVernois, F. Salesa Greus, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Simone Dichiara, and HAWC Collaboration

Subjects
Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Flux, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, ASTROFÍSICA, Effects of high altitude on humans, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We present the first catalog of gamma-ray sources emitting above 56 and 100 TeV with data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory, a wide field-of-view observatory capable of detecting gamma rays up to a few hundred TeV. Nine sources are observed above 56 TeV, all of which are likely Galactic in origin. Three sources continue emitting past 100 TeV, making this the highest-energy gamma-ray source catalog to date. We report the integral flux of each of these objects. We also report spectra for three highest-energy sources and discuss the possibility that they are PeVatrons., Accepted by Physical Review Letters

Published
2019

11. Constraints on Lorentz invariance violation from HAWC observations of gamma rays above 100 TeV

Author

Maria Magdalena González, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, J. A. Morales-Soto, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, C. De León, O. Tibolla, G. B. Yodh, Chang Dong Rho, Michael Newbold, H. Martínez-Huerta, Alison Peisker, Pooja Surajbali, Anna Lia Longinotti, Gus Sinnis, V. Baghmanyan, Ibrahim Torres, A. Nayerhoda, A. Sandoval, K. Tollefson, J. R. Angeles Camacho, A. Zepeda, A. J. Smith, Hao Zhou, Henrike Fleischhack, F. Salesa Greus, E. Moreno, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, A. Carraminana, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Michael Schneider, Joe Lundeen, L. Nellen, S. Hernandez, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, K. P. Arunbabu, R. López-Coto, Petra Hüntemeyer, Binita Hona, Nicola Omodei, S. Coutiño de León, R. W. Ellsworth, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, Arturo Iriarte, D. Garcia, Kristi Engel, Alejandro Lara, Andrea Albert, C. Alvarez, K. Malone, R. Torres-Escobedo, M. U. Nisa, V. Joshi, Segev BenZvi, C. Rivière, Meghan Tanner, John Matthews, Harm Schoorlemmer, E. Tabachnick, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. A. Goodman, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, William H. Lee, Nissim Illich Fraija, Dezhi Huang, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, J. P. Harding, Catalina Espinoza, Ruben Alfaro, Tomás Capistrán, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, S. S. Marinelli, R. W. Springer, Jorge Cotzomi, A. Galván-Gámez, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Brenda Dingus, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Umberto Cotti, Sabrina Casanova, J. T. Linnemann, Fernando Garfias, Thomas Weisgarber, E. Ruiz-Velasco, H. León Vargas, and J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Photon, Planck energy, Superluminal motion, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, ASTROFÍSICA, Astrophysics, Lorentz covariance, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Orders of magnitude (time), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Due to the high energies and long distances to the sources, astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). Superluminal LIV enables the decay of photons at high energy. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is among the most sensitive gamma-ray instruments currently operating above 10 TeV. HAWC finds evidence of 100 TeV photon emission from at least four astrophysical sources. These observations exclude, for the strongest of the limits set, the LIV energy scale to $2.2\times10^{31}$ eV, over 1800 times the Planck energy and an improvement of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over previous limits., Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters

Published
2019

12. Search for Gamma-ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation in Dwarf Galaxies with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory

Author

J. A. Morales-Soto, Hao Zhou, K. Malone, C. Alvarez, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, E. Tabachnick, A. Galván-Gámez, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Tomás Capistrán, C. De León, J. P. Harding, Brenda Dingus, Arturo Iriarte, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, O. Martinez, P. Huentemeyer, Andrea Albert, James W. Wood, K. Tollefson, Binita Hona, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Dezhi Huang, Alison Peisker, A. Sandoval, L. Nellen, Michael Schneider, Fernando Garfias, J. T. Linnemann, S. Hernandez, Ibrahim Torres, Nissim Illich Fraija, Thomas Weisgarber, A. Carraminana, Michael DuVernois, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Joe Lundeen, H. León Vargas, S. S. Marinelli, C. Brisbois, Catalina Espinoza, I. Martinez-Castellanos, R. W. Springer, Umberto Cotti, Anna Lia Longinotti, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, S. Coutiño de León, Jesús Martínez-Castro, Sabrina Casanova, Kristi Engel, H. A. Ayala Solares, Alejandro Lara, J. A. Goodman, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Jorge Cotzomi, F. Salesa Greus, O. Tibolla, Ruben Alfaro, R. Torres-Escobedo, Simone Dichiara, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Chang Dong Rho, John Matthews, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Michael Newbold, Miguel Mostafa, V. Joshi, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, M. J. F. Rosenberg, A. Zepeda, K. P. Arunbabu, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, E. Moreno, Maria Magdalena González, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Segev BenZvi, A. Nayerhoda, and M. U. Nisa

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Annihilation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Effects of high altitude on humans, Spectral line, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Observatory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation, Dwarf galaxy
Abstract

Local dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) are nearby dark-matter dominated systems, making them excellent targets for searching for gamma rays from particle dark matter interactions. If dark matter annihilates or decays directly into two gamma rays (or a gamma ray and a neutral particle), a monochromatic spectral line is created. At TeV energies, no other processes are expected to produce spectral lines, making this a very clean indirect dark matter search channel. With the development of event-by-event energy reconstruction, we can now search for spectral lines with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory. HAWC is a wide field of view survey instrument located in central Mexico that observes gamma rays from 100 TeV. In this work we present results from a recent search for spectral lines from local, dark matter dominated dwarf galaxies using 1038 days of HAWC data. We also present updated limits on several continuum channels that were reported in a previous publication. Our gamma-ray spectral line limits are the most constraining obtained so far from 20 TeV to 100 TeV., submitted to PRD

Published
2019
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13. First HAWC Observations of the Sun Constrain Steady TeV Gamma-Ray Emission

Author

E. Moreno, P. Surajbali, Hao Zhou, Annika H. G. Peter, J. Wood, J. P. Harding, O. Enríquez-Rivera, Fernando Garfias, Z. Ren, A. Iriarte, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, F. Salesa Greus, J. Martínez-Castro, E. De la Fuente, Joe Lundeen, D. Avila Rojas, Harm Schoorlemmer, A. Albert, S. Westerhoff, M. Seglar Arroyo, Z. Hampel-Arias, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, M. J. F. Rosenberg, T. Weisgarber, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, S. Dichiara, R. W. Springer, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, Rebecca K. Leane, I. Torres, Petra Hüntemeyer, R. López-Coto, O. Martinez, M. Mostafá, T. Yapici, H. Salazar, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, B. Hona, S. Kaufmann, L. Nellen, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Cristobal M. Espinoza, Kenny C. Y. Ng, C. D. Rho, N. Fraija, M. M. González, T. Capistrán, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, E. Belmont-Moreno, A. Nayerhoda, John F. Beacom, Brenda Dingus, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, S. Coutiño de León, Henrike Fleischhack, C. Alvarez, Segev BenZvi, J. Cotzomi, A. Carramiñana, Sabrina Casanova, O. Tibolla, S. S. Marinelli, G. Sinnis, A. Sandoval, T. Linden, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, V. Joshi, R. Arceo, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, M. Newbold, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Jardin-Blicq, Kristi Engel, M. Castillo, H. León Vargas, Mehr Nisa, I. Taboada, Bei Zhou, K. Tollefson, C. De León, Jdr Alvarez, C. Rivière, A. Zepeda, Jennifer Pretz, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, R. Alfaro, A. J. Smith, R. Noriega-Papaqui, G. Luis-Raya, S. Hernandez, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, K. Malone, and HAWC Collaboration

Subjects
Solar minimum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Steady gamma-ray emission up to at least 200 GeV has been detected from the solar disk in the Fermi-LAT data, with the brightest, hardest emission occurring during solar minimum. The likely cause is hadronic cosmic rays undergoing collisions in the Sun's atmosphere after being redirected from ingoing to outgoing in magnetic fields, though the exact mechanism is not understood. An important new test of the gamma-ray production mechanism will follow from observations at higher energies. Only the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory has the required sensitivity to effectively probe the Sun in the TeV range. Using three years of HAWC data from November 2014 to December 2017, just prior to the solar minimum, we search for 1--100 TeV gamma rays from the solar disk. No evidence of a signal is observed, and we set strong upper limits on the flux at a few $10^{-12}$ TeV$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ at 1 TeV. Our limit, which is the most constraining result on TeV gamma rays from the Sun, is $\sim10\%$ of the theoretical maximum flux (based on a model where all incoming cosmic rays produce outgoing photons), which in turn is comparable to the Fermi-LAT data near 100 GeV. The prospects for a first TeV detection of the Sun by HAWC are especially high during solar minimum, which began in early 2018., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. See also companion paper 1808.05624. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2018

14. Constraining the p¯/p ratio in TeV cosmic rays with observations of the Moon shadow by HAWC

Author

Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, John N. Wood, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Kelly Malone, R. W. Springer, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, M. J. Martínez González, Arturo Iriarte, A. J. S. Smith, S. Hernandez, Ruben Alfaro, E. Moreno, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, Pooja Surajbali, Andrés Sandoval, O. Martinez, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, C. M. Hui, Simone Dichiara, A. González Muñoz, F. Salesa Greus, C. De León, Tomás Capistrán, L. Villaseñor, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Thomas Weisgarber, Nissim Illich Fraija, J. A. Matthews, G. Sinnis, M. Seglar Arroyo, O. Enríquez-Rivera, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, James E. Braun, H. León Vargas, Ibrahim Torres, Petra Hüntemeyer, R. López-Coto, Michael Schneider, S. Westerhoff, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, Chang Dong Rho, Henrike Fleischhack, C. Alvarez, Omar Tibolla, Binita Hona, Jorge Cotzomi, Jdr Alvarez, S. Kaufmann, E. De la Fuente, A. Albert, D. Avila Rojas, R. Arceo, G. B. Yodh, T. Yapici, Z. Hampel-Arias, L. Nellen, Chad Brisbois, S. Coutiño de León, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Michael DuVernois, M. Castillo, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. P. Harding, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Alejandro Lara, J. Pretz, Anna Lia Longinotti, Kristi Engel, H. Martínez-Huerta, Hongyan Zhou, Umberto Cotti, Z. Ren, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, I. Taboada, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, A. Zepeda, Harm Schoorlemmer, Miguel Mostafa, Michael Newbold, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, Colas Rivière, R. Pelayo, A. Carraminana, R. Noriega-Papaqui, William H. Lee, S. Y. BenZvi, R. W. Ellsworth, M. U. Nisa, J. T. Linnemann, R. Luna-Garcia, I. Martinez-Castellanos, A. Galván-Gámez, Brenda Dingus, and S. S. Marinelli

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Earth's magnetic field, Deflection (physics), Observatory, Antiproton, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

An indirect measurement of the antiproton flux in cosmic rays is possible as the particles undergo deflection by the geomagnetic field. This effect can be measured by studying the deficit in the flux, or shadow, created by the Moon as it absorbs cosmic rays that are headed towards the Earth. The shadow is displaced from the actual position of the Moon due to geomagnetic deflection, which is a function of the energy and charge of the cosmic rays. The displacement provides a natural tool for momentum/charge discrimination that can be used to study the composition of cosmic rays. Using 33 months of data comprising more than 80 billion cosmic rays measured by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, we have analyzed the Moon shadow to search for TeV antiprotons in cosmic rays. We present our first upper limits on the $\bar{p}/p$ fraction, which in the absence of any direct measurements, provide the tightest available constraints of $\sim1\%$ on the antiproton fraction for energies between 1 and 10 TeV.

Published
2018

15. Milagro limits and HAWC sensitivity for the rate-density of evaporating Primordial Black Holes

Author

Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, H. Martinez, J. Braun, Miguel Mostafa, B. Patricelli, Arnulfo Zepeda, Ibrahim Torres, J. McEnery, Varlen Grabski, H. León Vargas, R. Arceo, A. Marinelli, N. Bautista-Elivar, W.H. Lee, E. Moreno, V. Vasileiou, D.A. Williams, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Noriega-Papaqui, C. M. Hui, A. A. Abdo, K. Sparks Woodle, F. Salesa, J. P. Harding, Michael DuVernois, Hao Zhou, P. Karn, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, Peter Nemethy, A. Sandoval, D. Berley, James M. Ryan, E. De la Fuente, Michael Schneider, T. Weisgarber, Fernando Garfias, Dirk Lennarz, Tyce DeYoung, E. Mendoza Torres, P.A. Toale, O. Martinez, S. Westerhoff, Petra Hüntemeyer, R. Diaz Hernandez, J. Martínez-Castro, Joshua A. Wood, Rodrigo Pelayo, B. T. Allen, E. Belmont, E. Ruiz-Velasco, A. Galindo, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, A. J. Smith, Alberto Carramiñana, M. Bonilla Rosales, Alejandro Lara, Michael Newbold, J.H. MacGibbon, L. Nellen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. Luna-GarcIa, C. M. Hoffman, D. W. Fiorino, C. Rivière, T. Aune, A. Imran, P.W. Younk, Segev BenZvi, J.A.J. Matthews, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, Ruben Alfaro, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, M. Gussert, C. De León, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, Daniel R. Stump, E.C. Linares, S.S. Marinelli, Jennifer Pretz, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, T. Morgan, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, A. Iriarte, P. M. Saz Parkinson, Jorge Cotzomi, M. Longo, Umberto Cotti, G.J. Kunde, T. Oceguera-Becerra, K. Tollefson, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, E. Hays, D. Zaborov, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. A. Ayala Solares, J. D. Álvarez, G. B. Yodh, J. T. Linnemann, L. Diaz-Cruz, Allen Mincer, B. M. Baughman, A. S. Barber, G. E. Christopher, R. W. Ellsworth, S. Silich, B.E. Kolterman, M. Castillo, Nissim Illich Fraija, Brenda Dingus, I. Taboada, I.G. Wisher, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, and David Kieda

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Primordial black hole, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, Black hole, Observatory, Milagro, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) are gravitationally collapsed objects that may have been created by density fluctuations in the early universe and could have arbitrarily small masses down to the Planck scale. Hawking showed that due to quantum effects, a black hole has a temperature inversely proportional to its mass and will emit all species of fundamental particles thermally. PBHs with initial masses of ~5.0 x 10^14 g should be expiring in the present epoch with bursts of high-energy particles, including gamma radiation in the GeV - TeV energy range. The Milagro high energy observatory, which operated from 2000 to 2008, is sensitive to the high end of the PBH evaporation gamma-ray spectrum. Due to its large field-of-view, more than 90% duty cycle and sensitivity up to 100 TeV gamma rays, the Milagro observatory is well suited to perform a search for PBH bursts. Based on a search on the Milagro data, we report new PBH burst rate density upper limits over a range of PBH observation times. In addition, we report the sensitivity of the Milagro successor, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, to PBH evaporation events., Comment: Accepted to Astroparticle Physics Journal (25 Pages, 3 figures and 7 tables). Corresponding author: T. N. Ukwatta

Published
2015
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16. A Search for Dark Matter in the Galactic Halo with HAWC

Author

E. Moreno, D. W. Fiorino, Andrea Albert, J. Pretz, Benjamin R. Safdi, Dirk Lennarz, Luis Villaseñor, R. Arceo, Chad Brisbois, Michael DuVernois, R. Luna-Garcia, A. Carraminana, Giacomo Vianello, J. A. Goodman, A. Zepeda, J. P. Harding, J. T. Linnemann, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, A. Becerril, Fernando Garfias, Thomas Weisgarber, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Ruben Alfaro, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Jesús Martínez-Castro, A. Hernandez-Almada, Tomás Capistrán, Nicholas L. Rodd, H. A. Ayala Solares, O. Enríquez-Rivera, I. Martinez-Castellanos, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Z. Ren, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Miguel Mostafa, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, F. Salesa Greus, H. León Vargas, John Matthews, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Umberto Cotti, C. De León, I. Taboada, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, Segev BenZvi, Michael Newbold, P. W. Younk, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, Ibrahim Torres, Jorge Cotzomi, Abel Bernal, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, O. Tibolla, Henrike Fleischhack, G. B. Yodh, Kelly Malone, J. D. Álvarez, Kristi Engel, A. Sandoval, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, M. Castillo, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Hernandez, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, A. González Muñoz, William H. Lee, Brenda Dingus, Sarah Kaufmann, James W. Wood, Arturo Iriarte, Gilgamesh Luis-Raya, Kirsten Tollefson, T. Yapici, Rodrigo Pelayo, O. Martinez, S. Westerhoff, Hao Zhou, Petra Hüntemeyer, T. N. Ukwatta, Pooja Surajbali, Gus Sinnis, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, Nissim Illich Fraija, S. S. Marinelli, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, A. J. Smith, C. Alvarez, L. Nellen, Z. Hampel-Arias, R. Diaz Hernandez, Ruben Lopez-Coto, Anna Lia Longinotti, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Mehr Nisa, Chang Dong Rho, and HAWC Collaboartion

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galactic halo, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Navarro–Frenk–White profile, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field-of-view observatory sensitive to 500 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays. With its observations over 2/3 of the sky every day, the HAWC observatory is sensitive to a wide variety of astrophysical sources, including possible gamma rays from dark matter. Dark matter annihilation and decay in the Milky Way Galaxy should produce gamma-ray signals across many degrees on the sky. The HAWC instantaneous field-of-view of 2 sr enables observations of extended regions on the sky, such as those from dark matter in the Galactic halo. Here we show limits on the dark matter annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime from HAWC observations of the Galactic halo with 15 months of data. These are some of the most robust limits on TeV and PeV dark matter, largely insensitive to the dark matter morphology. These limits begin to constrain models in which PeV IceCube neutrinos are explained by dark matter which primarily decays into hadrons., 24 pages, 11 figures

Published
2017

17. Search for very-high-energy emission from Gamma-ray Bursts using the first 18 months of data from the HAWC Gamma-ray Observatory

Author

Ignacio Taboada, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, U. Cotti, I. Torres, Kristi Engel, C. De León, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, S. S. Marinelli, Michael DuVernois, G. Sinnis, Pooja Surajbali, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, K. Malone, Harm Schoorlemmer, C. Rivière, J. D. Álvarez, Edna Ruiz-Velasco, M. Castillo, A. Hernandez-Almada, Fernando Garfias, P. W. Younk, Thomas Weisgarber, A. Zepeda, S. Coutiño Deleón, D. W. Fiorino, Dirk Lennarz, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. A. Goodman, J. P. Harding, Ernesto Belmont-Moreno, N. Bautista-Elivar, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, H. León Vargas, J. Martínez-Castro, F. Salesa Greus, James W. Wood, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Becerril, C. M. Hui, Z. Hampel-Arias, A. Sandoval, Lukas Nellen, T. N. Ukwatta, S. Hernandez, Hao Zhou, Rodrigo Pelayo, R. Arceo, S. Westerhoff, Binita Hona, A. González Muñoz, Chad Brisbois, N. Fraija, A. Iriarte, J. Pretz, Maria Magdalena González, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. J. Lauer, Abel Bernal, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, O. Martinez, R. W. Ellsworth, T. Yapici, Michael Schneider, Giacomo Vianello, M. J. F. Rosenberg, Sarah Kaufmann, M. Mostafá, Z. Ren, Tyce DeYoung, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, G. Luis Raya, Brenda Dingus, Kirsten Tollefson, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. Braun, E. Moreno, R. Luna-Garcia, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, W. H. Lee, I. Martinez-Castellanos, H. A. Ayala Solares, O. Tibolla, J. Cotzomi, R. W. Springer, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Chang Dong Rho, J. A. Matthews, M. Newbold, R. Diaz Hernandez, Segev BenZvi, R. Alfaro, Ruben Lopez-Coto, J. T. Linnemann, Anna Lia Longinotti, Sabrina Casanova, V. Joshi, E. De la Fuente, D. Avila Rojas, and M. Gerhardt

Subjects
HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Attenuation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Redshift, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Satellite, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-ray Observatory is an extensive air shower detector operating in central Mexico, which has recently completed its first two years of full operations. If for a burst like GRB 130427A at a redshift of 0.34 and a high-energy component following a power law with index -1.66, the high-energy component is extended to higher energies with no cut-off other than from extragalactic background light attenuation, HAWC would observe gamma rays with a peak energy of $\sim$300 GeV. This paper reports the results of HAWC observations of 64 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by $\mathit{Swift}$ and $\mathit{Fermi}$, including three GRBs that were also detected by the Large Area Telescope ($\mathit{Fermi}$-LAT). An ON/OFF analysis method is employed, searching on the time scale given by the observed light curve at keV-MeV energies and also on extended time scales. For all GRBs and time scales, no statistically significant excess of counts is found and upper limits on the number of gamma rays and the gamma-ray flux are calculated. GRB 170206A, the third brightest short GRB detected by the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the $\mathit{Fermi}$ satellite ($\mathit{Fermi}$-GBM) and also detected by the LAT, occurred very close to zenith. The LAT measurements can neither exclude the presence of a synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) component nor constrain its spectrum. Instead, the HAWC upper limits constrain the expected cut-off in an additional high-energy component to be less than $100~\rm{GeV}$ for reasonable assumptions about the energetics and redshift of the burst., Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, published in ApJ

Published
2017
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18. Dark Matter Limits From Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies with The HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

Author

A. Albert, R. Alfaro, C. Alvarez, J. D. Álvarez, R. Arceo, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H. A. Ayala Solares, N. Bautista-Elivar, A. Becerril, E. Belmont-Moreno, S. Y. BenZvi, A. Bernal, J. Braun, C. Brisbois, K. S. Caballero-Mora, T. Capistrán, A. Carramiñana, S. Casanova, M. Castillo, U. Cotti, J. Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, C. De León, E. De la Fuente, R. Diaz Hernandez, B. L. Dingus, M. A. DuVernois, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, R. W. Ellsworth, K. Engel, D. W. Fiorino, N. Fraija, J. A. García-González, F. Garfias, M. M. González, J. A. Goodman, Z. Hampel-Arias, J. P. Harding, S. Hernandez, A. Hernandez-Almada, B. Hona, P. Hüntemeyer, A. Iriarte, A. Jardin-Blicq, V. Joshi, S. Kaufmann, D. Kieda, R. J. Lauer, D. Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, A. L. Longinotti, M. Longo Proper, G. Luis Raya, R. Luna-García, R. López-Coto, K. Malone, S. S. Marinelli, I. Martinez-Castellanos, J. Martínez-Castro, H. Martínez-Huerta, J. A. Matthews, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, E. Moreno, M. Mostafá, L. Nellen, M. Newbold, M. U. Nisa, R. Noriega-Papaqui, R. Pelayo, J. Pretz, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Z. Ren, C. D. Rho, C. Rivière, D. Rosa-González, M. Rosenberg, E. Ruiz-Velasco, F. Salesa Greus, A. Sandoval, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, G. Sinnis, A. J. Smith, R. W. Springer, P. Surajbali, I. Taboada, O. Tibolla, K. Tollefson, I. Torres, G. Vianello, T. Weisgarber, S. Westerhoff, J. Wood, T. Yapici, P. W. Younk, and H. Zhou

Subjects
Physics, HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Annihilation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Wide field, Galaxy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) gamma-ray observatory is a wide field of view observatory sensitive to 500 GeV - 100 TeV gamma rays and cosmic rays. It can also perform diverse indirect searches for dark matter (DM) annihilation and decay. Among the most promising targets for the indirect detection of dark matter are dwarf spheroidal galaxies. These objects are expected to have few astrophysical sources of gamma rays but high dark matter content, making them ideal candidates for an indirect dark matter detection with gamma rays. Here we present individual limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for 15 dwarf spheroidal galaxies within the HAWC field-of-view, as well as their combined limit. These are the first limits on the annihilation cross section and decay lifetime using data collected with HAWC., Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

Published
2017
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19. Searching for dark matter sub-structure with HAWC

Author

E. Moreno, I. Torres, R. W. Springer, Segev BenZvi, H. León Vargas, Maria Magdalena González, H. Salazar, C. Alvarez, S. S. Marinelli, J. P. Harding, A. Iriarte, I. Martinez-Castellanos, John Matthews, S. Dichiara, Filiberto Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, H. Fleischhack, J. D. Álvarez, Oscar Martinez, Arnulfo Zepeda, Nissim Fraija, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, Marvin Oliver Schneider, Carmen Espinoza, Ruben Alfaro, H. A. Ayala Solares, R. Noriega-Papaqui, K. Malone, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Giacomo Vianello, R. Arceo, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, Joe Lundeen, Andrea Albert, K. Tollefson, A. Sandoval, J. Martínez-Castro, G. Luis-Raya, M. Newbold, W. H. Lee, T. Weisgarber, Lukas Nellen, J. Cotzomi, Hao Zhou, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, B. Hona, P. Hüntemeyer, C. D. Rho, C. Brisbois, James W. Wood, A. J. Smith, A. L. Longinotti, P. Miranda-Romagnoli, M. J. F. Rosenberg, T. Yapici, M. Mostafá, Jose Andres Garcia-Gonzalez, S. Coutiño de León, Brenda Dingus, Z. Ren, K. Engel, F. Salesa Greus, Alejandro Lara, E. Belmont-Moreno, C. Rivière, Amid Nayerhoda, G. Sinnis, J. T. Linnemann, Michael DuVernois, A. Carramiñana, J. A. Goodman, D. Avila Rojas, A. Galván-Gámez, Sabrina Casanova, E. De la Fuente, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, C. De León, and M. U. Nisa

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Milky Way, media_common.quotation_subject, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Observatory, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Halo, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation, Dwarf galaxy, media_common
Abstract

Simulations of dark matter show a discrepancy between the expected number of Galactic dark matter sub-halos and how many have been optically observed. Some of these unseen satellites may exist as dark dwarf galaxies: sub-halos like dwarf galaxies with no luminous counterpart. Assuming WIMP dark matter, it may be possible to detect these unseen sub-halos from gamma-ray signals originating from dark matter annihilation. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory (HAWC) is a very high energy (500 GeV to 100 TeV) gamma ray detector with a wide field-of-view and near continuous duty cycle, making HAWC ideal for unbiased sky surveys. We perform such a search for gamma ray signals from dark dwarfs in the Milky Way halo. We perform a targeted search of HAWC gamma-ray sources which have no known association with lower-energy counterparts, based on an unbiased search of the entire sky. With no sources found to strongly prefer dark matter models, we calculate the ability of HAWC to observe dark dwarfs. We also compute the HAWC sensitivity to potential future detections for a given model of dark matter substructure., Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures. submitted to JCAP

Published
2019

20. Erratum: Search for dark matter gamma-ray emission from the Andromeda Galaxy with the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory

Author

A Albert, R Alfaro, C Alvarez, J.D Álvarez, R Arceo, J.C Arteaga-Velázquez, D. Avila Rojas, H.A. Ayala Solares, A Becerril, E Belmont-Moreno, S.Y BenZvi, A Bernal, C Brisbois, K.S Caballero-Mora, T Capistrán, A Carramiñana, S Casanova, M Castillo, U Cotti, J Cotzomi, S. Coutiño de León, C. De León, S Dichiara, B.L Dingus, M.A DuVernois, J.C Díaz-Vélez, C Eckner, K Engel, O Enríquez-Rivera, C Espinoza, D.W Fiorino, N Fraija, E. De la Fuente, A Galván-Gámez, J.A García-González, F Garfias, A. González Muñoz, M.M González, J.A Goodman, Z Hampel-Arias, J.P Harding, S Hernandez, A Hernandez-Almada, B Hona, P Hüntemeyer, A Iriarte, A Jardin-Blicq, V Joshi, S Kaufmann, G.J Kunde, D Lennarz, H. León Vargas, J.T Linnemann, A.L Longinotti, G. Luis Raya, R Luna-García, K Malone, S.S Marinelli, O Martinez, J Martínez-Castro, H Martínez-Huerta, J.A Matthews, P Miranda-Romagnoli, E Moreno, M Mostafá, A Nayerhoda, L Nellen, M Newbold, M.U Nisa, R Noriega-Papaqui, R Pelayo, J Pretz, E.G Pérez-Pérez, Z Ren, C.D Rho, C Riviére, D Rosa-González, M Rosenberg, E Ruiz-Velasco, H Salazar, F. Salesa Greus, A Sandoval, M Schneider, M. Seglar Arroyo, G Sinnis, A.J Smith, R.W Springer, P Surajbali, I Taboada, O Tibolla, K Tollefson, I Torres, T.N Ukwatta, L Villaseñor, T Weisgarber, S Westerhoff, J Wood, T Yapici, G Zaharijas, A Zepeda, and H Zhou

Subjects
Physics, Andromeda Galaxy, Observatory, Dark matter, Gamma ray, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Effects of high altitude on humans, Cherenkov radiation
Published
2019

21. Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from Point-like Sources in the Inner Galactic Plane with a Partial Configuration of the HAWC Observatory

Author

Karen S. Caballero-Mora, N. Bautista-Elivar, R. W. Springer, H. A. Ayala Solares, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, I. Torres, C. M. Hui, Lukas Nellen, O. Tibolla, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Hao Zhou, P. Hüntemeyer, Segev BenZvi, B. M. Baughman, E. Moreno, J. Pretz, R. Alfaro, Fernando Garfias, Abel Bernal, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Thomas Weisgarber, M. Newbold, C. Rivière, H. Martinez, M. Gussert, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, G. Luis Raya, O. Enríquez-Rivera, T. Yapici, L. Villaseñor, H. León Vargas, J. T. Linnemann, J. P. Harding, A. Zepeda, P. W. Younk, J. A. Goodman, R. Pelayo, G. Sinnis, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, J. Martínez-Castro, S. Hernandez, D. W. Fiorino, Dirk Lennarz, R. W. Ellsworth, A. D. Becerril Reyes, A. Iriarte, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, D. Zaborov, James W. Wood, S. S. Marinelli, J. Braun, Ignacio Taboada, Brenda Dingus, M. Longo, B. Patricelli, W. H. Lee, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, J. A. Matthews, Sabrina Casanova, Tyce DeYoung, A. Imran, J. Cotzomi, M. Mostafá, S. Westerhoff, J. D. Álvarez, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Kirsten Tollefson, M. Castillo, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, G. B. Yodh, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, Z. Ren, O. Martinez, R. Noriega-Papaqui, S. Coutiño de León, Alejandro Lara, Michael DuVernois, P. Karn, A. Sandoval, E. De la Fuente, E. Belmont, K. Vrabel, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, K. Malone, U. Cotti, A. J. Smith, T. Capistrán, R. Arceo, F. Salesa Greus, C. De León, K. Sparks Woodle, A. Marinelli, and N. Fraija

Subjects
Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), HAWC - Abteilung Hinton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galactic plane, 01 natural sciences, Galaxy, Latitude, Space and Planetary Science, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Longitude, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A survey of the inner Galaxy region of Galactic longitude l in [+15, +50] degree and latitude b in [-4,+4] degree is performed using one-third of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory operated during its construction phase. To address the ambiguities arising from unresolved sources in the data, we use a maximum likelihood technique to identify point source candidates. Ten sources and candidate sources are identified in this analysis. Eight of these are associated with known TeV sources but not all have differential fluxes compatible with previous measurements. Three sources are detected with significances $>5\,\sigma$ after accounting for statistical trials, and are associated with known TeV sources., Comment: Submitted to ApJ, 34 pages, 6 figures. Contact authors: Hao Zhou and C. Michelle Hui

Published
2016

22. Sensitivity of HAWC to high-mass dark matter annihilations

Author

A. S. Barber, A. Imran, T. Oceguera-Becerra, Kevork N. Abazajian, E. C. Linares, Rodrigo Pelayo, B. Patricelli, Petra Hüntemeyer, S. Westerhoff, R. W. Ellsworth, U. Cotti, S. Silich, D. Zaborov, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, D. W. Fiorino, Brenda Dingus, K. Tollefson, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, A. J. Smith, O. Martinez, E. De la Fuente, R. Luna-Garcia, G. B. Yodh, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, C. De León, M. Castillo, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, L. Nellen, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, A. Galindo, F. E. Sanchez, E. Belmont, L. Diaz-Cruz, P. W. Younk, J. Pretz, Dirk Lennarz, M. Longo, C. Alvarez, B. M. Baughman, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, R. Arceo, David Kieda, Varlen Grabski, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, James M. Ryan, Michael DuVernois, D. Berley, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, E. Mendoza Torres, H. Martinez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, F. Salesa, Nissim Illich Fraija, J. D. Álvarez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, I. Torres, Joshua Wood, Colas Rivière, J. T. Linnemann, M. Bonilla Rosales, Michael Newbold, J. A.J. Matthews, A. Zepeda, Segev BenZvi, Jorge Cotzomi, R. Alfaro, M. Gussert, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, Gerd Joachim Kunde, I. Taboada, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, J. P. Harding, Julie McEnery, A. Marinelli, Fernando Garfias, Thomas Weisgarber, Alberto Carramiñana, H. León Vargas, K. Sparks Woodle, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. Braun, Miguel Mostafa, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, R. Diaz Hernandez, Arturo Iriarte, N. Bautista-Elivar, C. M. Hui, Hao Zhou, P. Karn, Alejandro Lara, R. Noriega-Papaqui, William H. Lee, and E. Moreno

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Annihilation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hot dark matter, Dark matter, Scalar field dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Galaxy, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Observatory, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a wide field-of-view detector sensitive to gamma rays of 100 GeV to a few hundred TeV. Located in central Mexico at 19 degrees North latitude and 4100 m above sea level, HAWC will observe gamma rays and cosmic rays with an array of water Cherenkov detectors. The full HAWC array is scheduled to be operational in Spring 2015. In this paper, we study the HAWC sensitivity to the gamma-ray signatures of high-mass (multi- TeV) dark matter annihilation. The HAWC observatory will be sensitive to diverse searches for dark matter annihilation, including annihilation from extended dark matter sources, the diffuse gamma-ray emission from dark matter annihilation, and gamma-ray emission from non-luminous dark matter subhalos. Here we consider the HAWC sensitivity to a subset of these sources, including dwarf galaxies, the M31 galaxy, the Virgo cluster, and the Galactic center. We simulate the HAWC response to gamma rays from these sources in several well-motivated dark matter annihilation channels. If no gamma-ray excess is observed, we show the limits HAWC can place on the dark matter cross-section from these sources. In particular, in the case of dark matter annihilation into gauge bosons, HAWC will be able to detect a narrow range of dark matter masses to cross-sections below thermal. HAWC should also be sensitive to non-thermal cross-sections for masses up to nearly 1000 TeV. The constraints placed by HAWC on the dark matter cross-section from known sources should be competitive with current limits in the mass range where HAWC has similar sensitivity. HAWC can additionally explore higher dark matter masses than are currently constrained., Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, version to be published in PRD

Published
2014

23. Observation of Small-scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Direction Distribution of TeV Cosmic Rays with HAWC

Author

B. M. Baughman, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, D. W. Fiorino, R. W. Ellsworth, A. Galindo, Fernando Garfias, Dirk Lennarz, M. Castillo, C. De León, Thomas Weisgarber, E. Ruiz-Velasco, D. Zaborov, H. León Vargas, Brenda Dingus, Arturo Iriarte, A. Imran, R. W. Springer, Gus Sinnis, B. Patricelli, G. B. Yodh, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, J. T. Linnemann, N. Bautista-Elivar, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, R. Luna-Garcia, and H. Zhou, C. Alvarez, F. Salesa Greus, C. M. Hui, R. Arceo, Lukas Nellen, David Kieda, Petra Hüntemeyer, C. Rivière, Rodrigo Pelayo, Ruben Alfaro, Jorge Cotzomi, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, P. W. Younk, J. P. Harding, U. Cotti, S. Westerhoff, P. Karn, Nissim Illich Fraija, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, A. J. Smith, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, E. De la Fuente, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, D. Berley, James M. Ryan, E. Belmont, Segev BenZvi, A. Sandoval, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, M. Gussert, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, E. Mendoza Torres, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, I. Torres, Gerd Joachim Kunde, Joshua Wood, H. Martinez, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, R. Noriega-Papaqui, Jesús Martínez-Castro, William H. Lee, Arnulfo Zepeda, H. A. Ayala Solares, A. Marinelli, Jennifer Pretz, Kirsten Tollefson, I. Taboada, J. A. Matthews, Kelly Malone, S. S. Marinelli, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Alejandro Lara, M. Bonilla Rosales, J. D. Álvarez, Michael Newbold, Michael DuVernois, O. Martinez, Julie McEnery, R. Diaz Hernandez, T. Oceguera-Becerra, K. Sparks Woodle, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. Braun, Miguel Mostafa, M. Longo, and E. Moreno

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atomic, Physical Chemistry, Particle and Plasma Physics, cosmic rays, Observatory, Nuclear, Cherenkov radiation, media_common, Astroparticle physics, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, astroparticle physics, Milagro, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

The High-Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is sensitive to gamma rays and charged cosmic rays at TeV energies. The detector is still under construction, but data acquisition with the partially deployed detector started in 2013. An analysis of the cosmic-ray arrival direction distribution based on $4.9\times 10^{10}$ events recorded between June 2013 and February 2014 shows anisotropy at the $10^{-4}$ level on angular scales of about $10^\circ$. The HAWC cosmic-ray sky map exhibits three regions of significantly enhanced cosmic-ray flux; two of these regions were first reported by the Milagro experiment. A third region coincides with an excess recently reported by the ARGO-YBJ experiment. An angular power spectrum analysis of the sky shows that all terms up to $\ell=15$ contribute significantly to the excesses., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures. Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2014
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24. VAMOS: a Pathfinder for the HAWC Gamma-Ray Observatory

Author

D. W. Fiorino, N. Bautista-Elivar, F. Ángeles, C. M. Hui, Umberto Cotti, Hao Zhou, I. Taboada, I. Cabrera, Petra Hüntemeyer, E. Moreno, T. Oceguera-Becerra, Jorge Cotzomi, J. Nava, Z. Hampel-Arias, P. Karn, T. N. Ukwatta, J. A.J. Matthews, A. J. Smith, A. Zepeda, Erika Benítez, Nissim Illich Fraija, O. Martinez, K. Sparks Woodle, R. Arceo, Colas Rivière, S. Tinoco, M. Longo, Michael DuVernois, J. T. Linnemann, F. Ruiz-Sala, Fernando Garfias, Arturo Iriarte, J. D. Álvarez, A. Bernal, Thomas Weisgarber, Varlen Grabski, E. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Belmont, D. Zaborov, R. Langarica, Alberto Carramiñana, H. León Vargas, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, A. Imran, R. W. Springer, W. Wall, A. Rentería, A. González, C. De León, R. Noriega-Papaqui, C. Badillo, K. Tollefson, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, A. Tepe, L. Nellen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Gerd Joachim Kunde, William H. Lee, I. Ramírez, C. Alvarez, Jesús Martínez-Castro, David Kieda, P. W. Younk, Ibrahim Torres, J. R. Sacahui, H. A. Ayala Solares, M. Martos, A. Galindo, Elton J. G. Santos, Dirk Lennarz, J. F. Valdés Galicia, M. Bonilla Rosales, Dany Page, E. C. Linares, E. De la Fuente, Michael Newbold, L. Castañeda-Martínez, James M. Ryan, B. Patricelli, G. B. Yodh, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, Alejandro Lara, D. Berley, L. Hernandez-Cervantes, E. Mendoza Torres, H. Martinez, F. Salesa, Luis Xavier Gonzalez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, L. A. Martínez, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, A. Fernandez, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, C. Guzmán-Ceron, G. Sinnis, J. Becerra González, Jennifer Pretz, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, Guillermo Garcia-Torales, Rodrigo Pelayo, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, S. Westerhoff, A. Marinelli, P. Vanegas, J. P. Harding, A. S. Barber, R. W. Ellsworth, Joshua Wood, F. Suarez, Ruben Alfaro, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, A. Avila-Aroche, R. Luna-Garcia, Deborah Dultzin, Segev BenZvi, S. Silich, Brenda Dingus, M. Castillo, A. Diaz-Azuara, L. Diaz-Cruz, M. Gussert, B. M. Baughman, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Julie McEnery, R. Diaz Hernandez, A. Vázquez, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. Braun, G. Lara, and Miguel Mostafa

Subjects
Physics, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Gamma ray, Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Data acquisition, Pathfinder, Observatory, Sky, Forbush decrease, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cherenkov radiation, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract

VAMOS was a prototype detector built in 2011 at an altitude of 4100m a.s.l. in the state of Puebla, Mexico. The aim of VAMOS was to finalize the design, construction techniques and data acquisition system of the HAWC observatory. HAWC is an air-shower array currently under construction at the same site of VAMOS with the purpose to study the TeV sky. The VAMOS setup included six water Cherenkov detectors and two different data acquisition systems. It was in operation between October 2011 and May 2012 with an average live time of 30%. Besides the scientific verification purposes, the eight months of data were used to obtain the results presented in this paper: the detector response to the Forbush decrease of March 2012, and the analysis of possible emission, at energies above 30 GeV, for long gamma-ray bursts GRB111016B and GRB120328B., Comment: Accepted for pubblication in Astroparticle Physics Journal (20 pages, 10 figures). Corresponding authors: A.Marinelli and D.Zaborov

Published
2014
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25. Sensitivity of the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Detector to Sources of Multi-TeV Gamma Rays

Author

F. Salesa, Gerd J. Kunde, James M. Ryan, N. Bautista-Elivar, Ruben Alfaro, Dirk Lennarz, E. Moreno, Pedro Miranda-Romagnoli, D. W. Fiorino, S. Silich, Daniel Rosa-Gonzalez, Alejandro Lara, A. Imran, Michael DuVernois, Miguel Mostafá, C. M. Hui, Lukas Nellen, Hao Zhou, E. C. Linares, Kirsten Tollefson, E. Belmont, J. T. Linnemann, Fernando Garfias, J. D. Álvarez, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, Guillermo Garcia-Torales, R. A. Caballero-Lopez, D. Berley, K. Sparks, R. Noriega-Papaqui, J. Braun, Maria Magdalena González, R. J. Lauer, M. Castillo, William H. Lee, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, Thomas Weisgarber, J. Pretz, Luis Xavier Gonzalez, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, V. Grabski, P. Karn, J. A. Matthews, Arturo Iriarte, Segev BenZvi, M. Longo, R. Diaz Hernandez, I. Taboada, Jesús Martínez-Castro, H. A. Ayala Solares, S. Westerhoff, I. Torres, Joshua Wood, P. W. Younk, A. Fernandez, Elton J. G. Santos, A. Galindo, M. Bonilla Rosales, M. Gussert, Michael Newbold, E. De la Fuente, J.C. Arteaga-Velázquez, Colas Rivière, H. León Vargas, D. Zaborov, Jorge Cotzomi, G. B. Yodh, B. M. Baughman, Anushka Udara Abeysekara, L. Villaseñor, J. A. Goodman, R. Pelayo, A. Carraminana, A. S. Barber, G. Sinnis, B. Patricelli, R. W. Ellsworth, Jose Luis García-Luna, R. Luna-García, Brenda Dingus, Nissim Illich Fraija, R. W. Springer, E. G. Pérez-Pérez, C. Alvarez, David Kieda, Petra Hüntemeyer, J. Nava, Z. Hampel-Arias, T. N. Ukwatta, O. Martinez, U. Cotti, R. Arceo, A. J. Smith, C. De León, A. Sandoval, Michael Schneider, I. G. Wisher, Arnulfo Zepeda, A. Marinelli, and T. Oceguera-Becerra

Subjects
Cherenkov detector, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic, law.invention, Particle and Plasma Physics, law, Observatory, Nuclear, Cherenkov radiation, media_common, Physics, astro-ph.HE, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Particle acceleration, TeV gamma-ray astronomy, Water cherenkov, Sky, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is an array of large water Cherenkov detectors sensitive to gamma rays and hadronic cosmic rays in the energy band between 100 GeV and 100 TeV. The observatory will be used to measure high-energy protons and cosmic rays via detection of the energetic secondary particles reaching the ground when one of these particles interacts in the atmosphere above the detector. HAWC is under construction at a site 4100 meters above sea level on the northern slope of the volcano Sierra Negra, which is located in central Mexico at 19 ° N latitude. It is scheduled for completion in 2014. In this paper we estimate the sensitivity of the HAWC instrument to point-like and extended sources of gamma rays. The source fluxes are modeled using both unbroken power laws and power laws with exponential cutoffs. HAWC, in one year, is sensitive to point sources with integral power-law spectra as low as 5 × 10 - 13 cm - 2 sec - 1 above 2 TeV (approximately 50 mCrab) over 5 sr of the sky. This is a conservative estimate based on simple event parameters and is expected to improve as the data analysis techniques are refined. We discuss known TeV sources and the scientific contributions that HAWC can make to our understanding of particle acceleration in these sources.

Published
2013
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