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Objective: To compare BMI with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) in association with diabetes or hypertension., Methods and Procedures: Cross-sectional data from 16 cohorts from the DECODA (Diabetes Epidemiology: Collaborative Analysis of Diagnostic criteria in Asia) study, comprising 9,095 men and 11,732 women, aged 35-74 years, of different ethnicities were included in this meta-analysis., Results: Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for diabetes in men (women) for 1 s.d. increase in BMI, WC, WHR, and WSR were 1.52 (1.59), 1.54 (1.70), 1.53 (1.50), and 1.62 (1.70), respectively; and the corresponding ORs for hypertension were 1.68 (1.55), 1.66 (1.51), 1.45 (1.28), and 1.63 (1.50). Paired homogeneity tests (BMI with each of the three) adjusted for age and cohort showed that diabetes had stronger association with WSR than BMI (P=0.001) in men but with WC and WSR than BMI (both P<0.05) in women. Hypertension had stronger association with BMI than WHR in men (P<0.001) and had the strongest with BMI than the others (WHR P<0.001; WSR P<0.01; and WC P<0.05) in women. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves adjusted for age and cohort were slightly larger for diabetes for WSR 0.735 (0.748) in men (women) and WC 0.749 (women only) than BMI 0.725 (0.742) while for hypertension larger for BMI 0.760 (0.766) than WHR 0.748 (0.751), but their 95% CIs were all overlapped., Discussion: WSR was stronger than BMI in association with diabetes, but these indicators were equally strongly associated with hypertension in Asians.

Aims: The association between obesity and type 2 diabetes has been found to be consistent across different ethnic populations. Our aim was to study the contribution of obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes in a non-obese Chinese population with a high prevalence of diabetes (9.8% in 1995-1996)., Methods: Six-hundred and forty-four non-diabetic subjects were recruited from the Hong Kong Cardiovascular Risk Factor Prevalence Study (1995-1996). This was a community-based population study which involved the use of a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and 1985 World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. Their glycemic status was reassessed at 2 y., Results: In subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (n=322), the annual progression rate to diabetes (4.8%; 95% CI 2.5-7.1%), was 8-fold that in control subjects (0.6%; 95% CI 0.0-1.4%; P<0.001). Baseline waist-hip ratio (WHR; OR per unit increase=1.05; 95% CI 1.02-1.07, P=0.0003) and post-load 2 h plasma glucose (OR per unit increase=2.02; 95% CI 1.76-2.34, P<0.0001) were significantly associated with glycemic status at 2 y in stepwise polytomous logistic regression analysis. Subjects with high baseline waist circumference or WHR (> or =median) were more likely to have worsening of glucose tolerance at 2 y than those with low waist circumference (

Objectives: To examine the influence of education and marital status on dietary intake, body mass index, waist hip ratio, blood pressure, fasting and 2 h glucose, and lipid profile in adult Hong Kong Chinese., Design: Randomized age and sex stratified survey., Subjects: One thousand and ten subjects aged 25-74 y (500 men, 510 women) recruited for the 1995-96 Hong Kong Dietary and Cardiovascular Risk Prevalence Survey., Measurements: Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency method. Information on education level and marital status was included in the questionnaire. Anthropometry and biochemical parameters were measured using standard methods., Results: After adjustment for age, higher levels of education are associated with higher percentage protein intake in men, higher percentage fat intake in women, higher nutrient density of fibre and calcium in both men and women, and higher nutrient density of protein, fat, niacin, vitamin D, and polyunsaturated fatty acid in women. Consumption of fruits was also higher in women, and that of dairy products higher in men. Body mass index and waist-hip ratio were lower with increasing levels of education in women, while lower mean systolic BP was observed in men. Single women had lower nutrient densities of vitamin D and iron, and lower consumption of vegetables and fish, compared with married women. Body mass index was lower in both single men and women. Single men had a better cardiovascular risk factor profile, in that diastolic BP, triglycerides and cholesterol/HDL ratio were lower, in addition to a lower body mass index., Conclusion: Higher education level is associated with a healthier diet and lower prevalence of overweight.

OBJECTIVE: To identify which of the three simple anthropometric indices, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC), best predicts cardiovascular risk factors, and to determine if the association between the anthropometric indices and cardiovascular risk factors varies with gender. DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional population-based survey was carried out during 1995-1996. One thousand and ten Chinese people (500 men and 510 women) aged 25-74 y were recruited as subjects for the study. Metabolic profiles and anthropometric indices were measured. RESULTS: Partial correlation and co-variance analyses showed that WC exhibited the highest degree of association with almost all of the studied metabolic profiles for both men and women. We observed significant gender differences in the association between central or general obesity with cardiovascular risk factors. BMI had an independent and significant association with metabolic risks in men, but not in women, whereas WHR was more strongly correlated with metabolic risks for women than for men. Logistic regression analysis further confirmed the magnitude of the association between the obesity indices and metabolic risks. Among the studied metabolic variables, serum insulin showed the highest degree of association with the obesity indices, followed by plasma glucose, triglyceride, HDL and blood pressure. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol had a small but significant correlation with obesity. No threshold values in the relation between either the anthropometric indices and metabolic values, or with hypertension, diabetes and dislipidemia were observed. CONCLUSION: The association of central or general obesity and metabolic syndrome varied with gender. In addition, the useful anthropometric predictors for cardiovascular risk factors were BMI and WC for men, and WC and WHR for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Aims To determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and their relationships to fibrinogen and other cardiovascular risk factors in Hong Kong Chinese. Methods A probability sample of 1316 men and 1348 women aged 25–74 years were examined in a population-based cross-sectional study. Results A total of 3.0% (95% confidence interval 2.1–3.9) of men had previously diagnosed (known) and 6.4% (5.0–7.8) newly diagnosed (unknown) diabetes, 14.4% (12.4–16.5) had IGT and 79.2% were normal by 1985 WHO diagnostic criteria; corresponding prevalences in women were 3.7% (2.7–4.7), 5.9% (4.6–7.2), 17% (14.8–19.2) and 73.4%. The age-standardized prevalence of Type 2 diabetes for the 35–64 age group was 9.5% (7.5–11.6) in men and 10.2% (8.0–12.4) in women. Age-adjusted mean fibrinogen levels in these four groups (normal/IGT/unknown diabetes/known diabetes) with decreasing degrees of glucose tolerance (diabetes status) were 2.80, 2.57, 2.51 and 2.47 g/l (P = 0.003) in men, and 2.86, 2.72, 2.67, 2.61 g/l (P = 0.005) in women. Age, obesity, systolic blood pressure and triglycerides were significantly associated with diabetes status in both sexes, fibrinogen in men only and high density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively in women. Conclusions The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was very high especially in older subjects, and fibrinogen was associated with increasing glucose intolerance in men but not in women. The detection and better control of cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension in this developed Chinese community with a high prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance, is particularly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Ethnic Comparison of the Association of Undiagnosed Diabetes With Obesity" that was published in a 2010 issue is presented.