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Traballo Fin de Grao en Enfermaría. Curso 2021-2022 Introducción: La cultura moderna de consumo de alimentos de escaso valor nutricional y elevado índice calórico junto con el sedentarismo genera una situación descrita por la OMS como un problema de salud pública, la obesidad. La prevención desde edades tempranas es primordial debido a las consecuencias que conlleva a corto y a largo plazo en la salud del futuro adulto. Objetivos: El objetivo principal es la realización de un plan de prevención de la obesidad y el sobrepeso en niños de 6 a 9 años a partir del análisis de las recomendaciones nacionales en la promoción de hábitos saludables. Metodología: La primera parte es una revisión bibliográfica integrada por protocolos, estrategias y guías clínicas nacionales presentes en páginas oficiales junto con la búsqueda desde PubMed de información adicional que cumpla con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. La segunda parte, consiste en una propuesta de prevención que incorpora una síntesis de las recomendaciones previas. Resultados: La obesidad está relacionada con la alimentación y la actividad física, además del ambiente familiar y la genética. La prevención se basa en los factores modificables, es decir, la promoción de hábitos alimenticios saludables (dieta variada y equilibrada) y de actividad física regular. La promoción de un ambiente activo y saludable en la escuela requiere de la colaboración de toda la comunidad educativa, donde la familia tiene un peso importante. El plan de prevención recoge las actuaciones a realizar durante el año escolar para tratar de prevenir la obesidad y el sobrepeso infantil. Conclusiones: El exceso de peso genera consecuencias perjudiciales en el futuro adulto que suponen mayor coste de recursos, de personal y de dinero público. Los sanitarios son los encargados de promover hábitos saludables pero la responsabilidad es individual. Es decir, se requiere de una implicación colectiva para que el plan resulte efectivo. Introduction: The modern culture of consuming foods with little nutritional value and high caloric value together with a sedentary lifestyle generates a situation described by the WHO as a public health problem, obesity. Prevention from an early age is essential due to the short- and long-term consequences it has on the health of the future adult. Objectives: The main objective is to carry out a plan to prevent obesity and overweight in children aged 6 to 9 years from the analysis of national recommendations on the promotion of healthy habits. Methodology: The first part is a bibliographical review integrated by protocols, strategies and national clinical guidelines present in official pages together with the search from PubMed for additional information that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The second part consists of a prevention proposal that incorporates a synthesis of the previous recommendations. Results: Obesity is related to diet and physical activity, in addition to the family environment and genetics. Prevention is based on modifiable factors, that is, the promotion of healthy eating habits (varied and balanced diet) and regular physical activity. The promotion of an active and healthy environment at school requires the collaboration of the entire educational community, where the family plays an important role. The prevention plan includes the actions to be carried out during the school year to try to prevent childhood obesity and overweight. Conclusions: Excess weight generates harmful consequences in the future adult that entail a higher cost of resources, personnel and public money. The toilets are in charge of promoting healthy habits but the responsibility is individual. In other words, collective involvement is required for the plan to be effective. Introdución: A cultura moderna de consumir alimentos con escaso valor nutricional e alto valor calórico unido a un estilo de vida sedentario xera unha situación descrita pola OMS como un problema de saúde pública, a obesidade. A prevención desde idades temperás é fundamental polas consecuencias a curto e longo prazo que ten sobre a saúde do futuro adulto. Obxectivos: O obxectivo principal é levar a cabo un plan de prevención da obesidade e do sobrepeso en nenos de 6 a 9 anos a partir da análise das recomendacións nacionais sobre a promoción de hábitos saudables. Metodoloxía: A primeira parte é unha revisión bibliográfica integrada por protocolos, estratexias e guías clínicas nacionais presentes en páxinas oficiais xunto coa procura de PubMed de información adicional que cumpra os criterios de inclusión e exclusión. A segunda parte consiste nunha proposta de prevención que incorpora unha síntese das recomendacións anteriores. Resultados: A obesidade está relacionada coa dieta e a actividade física, ademais do ámbito familiar e a xenética. A prevención baséase en factores modificables, é dicir, a promoción de hábitos de alimentación saudables (alimentación variada e equilibrada) e a actividade física regular. A promoción dun ambiente activo e saudable na escola esixe a colaboración de toda a comunidade educativa, onde a familia ten un papel importante. O plan de prevención recolle as actuacións a realizar durante o curso escolar para tratar de previr a obesidade e o sobrepeso infantil. Conclusións: O exceso de peso xera no futuro adulto consecuencias prexudiciais que supoñen un maior custo de recursos, persoal e diñeiro público. Os aseos encárganse de promover hábitos saudables, pero a responsabilidade é individual. É dicir, é necesaria a implicación colectiva para que o plan sexa efectivo.

Este TFG aborda la temática de la adquisición de hábitos saludables tanto alimenticios como motrices. En una sociedad saturada de información y estímulos, la tendencia a la inactividad y el sedentarismo en edades tempranas aumenta. Por esta razón, es necesario promover un ambiente activo y dinámico en el aula. Esto último, acompañado de una buena alimentación serán los pilares tanto de este TGF como del desarrollo óptimo del niño en Educación Infantil. Las sesiones se realizarán en una clase de 5 años en un plazo de tres semanas. En lo que respecta a la metodología, estará basada fundamentalmente en el principio de actividad-autonomía y el principio lúdico. Los resultados de esta propuesta muestran cambios progresivos significativos, no sólo en las tareas, sino en su comportamiento y concepciones sobre los hábitos alimenticios. Además, usar el yoga para mejorar pautas de comportamiento en ciertos momentos del día se ha visto reflejado en los resultados finales, mejorando el clima del aula. The following final degree project consists of the acqusition of healthy habits. In a society saturated with information and incitements, the tendency towards inactivity and sedentary lifestyles at an early age increases. For this reason, it is necessary to promote an active, dynamic environment in the classroom and accompanied by good nutrition. These will be the pillars of both this TFR and the optimal development of the child in Early Childhood Education. The sessions will be carried out in a class of 5 year olds over a period of three weeks. Regarding the methodology, it will be based fundamentally on the activity-autonomy principle and the ludic principle. The results of this proposal show significant progressive changes, not only in the tasks, but also in their behavior and conceptions about eating habits. In addition, using yoga to improve behavioral patterns at certain times of the day has been reflected in the final results, improving the classroom climate. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Infantil

Background Technology has provided a new way of life for the adolescent population. Indeed, strategies aimed at improving health-related behaviors through digital platforms can offer promising results. However, since it has been shown that peers are capable of modifying behaviors related to food and physical exercise, it is important to study whether digital interventions based on peer influence are capable of improving the weight status of adolescents. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth app in an adolescent population in terms of improvements in their age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles. Other goals of the study were to examine the social relationships of adolescents pre- and postintervention, and to identify the group leaders and study their profiles, eating and physical activity habits, and use of the web app. Methods The BMI percentiles were calculated in accordance with the reference guidelines of the World Health Organization. Participants’ diets and levels of physical activity were assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. The variables related to social networks were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology. In this respect, peer relationships that were considered reciprocal friendships were used to compute the “degree” measure, which was used as an indicative parameter of centrality. Results The sample population comprised 210 individuals in the intervention group (IG) and 91 individuals in the control group (CG). A participation rate of 60.1% (301/501) was obtained. After checking for homogeneity between the IG and the CG, it was found that adolescents in the IG at BMI percentiles both below and above the 50th percentile (P50) modified their BMI to approach this reference value (with a significance of P Conclusions The eHealth app was able to modify behaviors related to P50 compliance and exert a positive influence in relation to diet and physical exercise. Digital interventions in the adolescent population, based on the improvement in behaviors related to healthy habits and optimizing the social network, can offer promising results that help in the fight against obesity.

The overweight and obesity have been declared as a worldwide health problem. Active videogames and technologies can be used as attractive tools to support educational interventions with children. Thus, in this paper, we present an educational program to promote healthy habits in children with obesity using active videogames and motor play as main strategies. This program was developed with 46 children and their parents in collaboration with the hospital and schools. The results show positive effects in the knowledge about healthy habits and behaviors of children.

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado busca conocer la relación directa que existe entre los hábitos de vida inadecuados o poco saludables y la obesidad infantil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de aquellos factores, como la alimentación inapropiada, la inactividad física y las insuficientes horas y calidad de sueño, considerados como unos de los “principales” en favorecer el desarrollo de obesidad infantil. Los sujetos estudiados han sido los alumnos de 4º de Primaria del C.E.I.P Santo Domingo de Silos, Bormujos (Sevilla). Como técnica de investigación cuantitativa, a cada uno de los alumnos se les pidió que cumplimentaran tres cuestionarios: uno sobre la alimentación en relación con la dieta mediterránea, otro sobre actividad física y otro sobre el sueño. El fin de esta investigación ha sido conocer los hábitos de salud del alumnado de 9-10 años del centro mencionado, para poder relacionar los resultados obtenidos con un mayor o menor índice de salud y con posibles riesgos de desarrollo de obesidad infantil. Tras un análisis exhaustivo y pormenorizado de los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación, concluimos lo siguiente. La sociedad está cada vez más concienciada de la importancia y relación directa que hay entre la alimentación, la actividad física y el descanso con la salud. No obstante, analizando un grupo poblacional de temprana edad, los datos recogidos se alejan en gran medida de los estándares de una vida saludable. This Final Degree Project seeks to know the direct relationship that exists between inappropriate or unhealthy lifestyle and childhood obesity. For this, a study was carried out of those factors, such as inappropriate diet, physical inactivity and insufficient hours and quality of sleep, considered as one of the "main" factors in favoring the development of childhood obesity. The studied subjects were the 4th grade students of Santo Domingo de Silos school, Bormujos (Seville). As a quantitative research technique, each of the students was asked to fill out three questionnaires: one about diet in relation to the Mediterranean diet, another about physical activity, and another about sleep. The purpose of this research has been to know the health habits of 9-10 year-old students from the school, in order to be able to relate the results obtained with a higher or lower health index and with possible risks of developing childhood obesity. After an exhaustive and detailed analysis of the results obtained in this research, we conclude with the following main idea. Society is increasingly aware of the importance and direct relationship between diet, physical activity and rest with health. However, analyzing a population group of early age, the data collected is far from the standards of a healthy life. Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primaria

With the current obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among school-aged children, the importance of obesity interventions to promote physical activity and healthy habits has become indisputable. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a school-based multicomponent intervention in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, actual physical abilities, and perceived physical abilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of overweight/obese boys and girls aged 10–12 years. The clinical intervention group (n = 35) participated in a 7-month after-school program in addition to curricular physical education lessons, while the nonclinical control group (n = 29) received usual curricular lessons. Measures included levels of PA and fitness and individual’s perceptions of physical ability. After treatment, the intervention group showed improved PA levels, perceived physical ability, and throwing and jumping task performances compared to the control group. Results indicate that a multicomponent program can improve levels of PA, fitness, and perceived competence of overweight participants. Findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle program that includes physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and suggest practical implications for educators, trainers, and teachers in identifying best practices targeting childhood obesity.

Physical activity improves peoples&rsquo, well-being and can help in preventing weight gain, obesity, and related non-communicable diseases. Promoting healthy behaviors in the daily travels and transport choices of adolescents is very important in early establishing healthy habits that imply routine physical activity. For designing and developing effective strategies, it is relevant to study adolescents&rsquo, preferences for physical activity and what factors in the social and environmental contexts affect their preferences. The paper investigates these aspects by means of a discrete choice experiment, using data from more than 4300 16&ndash, 17 year-old adolescents in Italy. The results show that adolescents generally prefer walking for long time alone. However, females prefer cycling, while adolescents from lower educated families prefer motorized means of transport. Environmental factors affect the adolescents&rsquo, preferences: living nearby a green area is associated with more active and healthier choices in their short daily travels. Conversely, adolescents living closer to an industrial or high traffic area prefer to use motorized vehicles. Such findings have been discussed and policy implications presented, in order to support policymakers in designing cross-sectoral policies to promote healthy choices related to physical activity in adolescence.

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 En aquest treball es pretén conscienciar als xiquets i xiquetes sobre la importància de dur un estil de vida saludable i els seus beneficis futurs. Per un part es mostra els causants com: l'obesitat, el sobrepès, etc. Aquestes malalties apareixen quan hi ha inactivitat física, on aquesta és la principal causant de malalties que perjudiquen la vida de les persones. Per una altra part, l'objectiu principal d'aquest projecte és promoure l'activitat física com hàbit saludable per a prevenir possibles malalties cròniques com el sobrepès i l'obesitat, on prèviament s'ha investigat sobre aquest tema en l'actualitat i així poder comprendre la gravetat que suposa no tindre un estil de vida saludable. En el conjunt d'aquestes sessions ens haguera agradat poder millorar la capacitat física de la resistència amb un mètode innovador com és el HIIT però degut a la nova situació pel la qual estem passant no hi pogut ser possible. Per a realitzar aquesta intervenció, prèviament hem estat treballant amb els xiquets i xiquetes del centre per conèixer les seues dificultats i poder adaptar-nos a ells i elles. Amb els resultats obtinguts a través del test de Ruffier podem donar un feedback i motivar-los a seguir progressant amb les seues capacitats. Finalment, a les discussions del treball acceptem i ens defenem les crítiques exposades pels nostres tutors de pràctiques del centre. His work aims to raise awareness among children about the importance of leading a healthy lifestyle and its future benefits. On the one hand it shows the causes such as: obesity, overweight, etc. These diseases appear when there is physical inactivity, where this is the main cause of diseases that harm people's lives. On the other hand, the main objective of this project is to promote physical activity as a healthy habit to prevent possible chronic diseases such as overweight and obesity, where previously research has been done on this topic and thus being able to understand the seriousness of not having a healthy lifestyle. In the whole of these sessions we would have liked to be able to improve the physical capacity of the resistance with an innovative method such as HIIT but due to the new situation we are going through it could not be possible. To carry out this intervention, we have previously been working with the boys and girls of the centre to know their difficulties and to be able to adapt to them. With the results obtained through the Ruffier test we can give feedback and motivate them to continue progressing with their abilities. Finally, in the discussions of the work we accept and defend the criticisms presented by our internship tutors at the centre.

La obesidad es una gran pandemia afectando cada vez más a los escolares en edades tempranas porque la inactividad física es parte de su rutina diaria. En cambio, practicar regularmente actividad física aporta incontables beneficios relacionados con la salud y prevención de enfermedades, independientemente de la edad. En este trabajo fin de grado se estudia, mediante el pulso cardiaco, si la práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre, particularmente los recreos, puede ser un tiempo óptimo para que los escolares se muevan más. Asimismo, se relaciona mediante juegos educativos si los alumnos que más actividad física realizan obtienen mejor rendimiento cognitivo. Los resultados se comparan según sexo y semestre de nacimiento. Finalmente, alumnos y familias han sido informados sobre la importancia de la actividad física como hábito saludable para prevenir enfermedades, como la obesidad. Este proyecto ha sido realizado con alumnado de educación infantil del colegio La Compasión Escolapios. Obesity is a large pandemic affecting school children in early ages more and more because physical inactivity is part of their daily routine. Instead, regular physical activity provides countless health-related and disease prevention, regardless of age. In this end-of-degree work it is studied, by heart pulse, whether the physical activity practice in free time, particularly the playground, can be an optimal time so that the students move more. Moreover, it is analyzed through digital educational games if students who practice more physical activity get better cognitive performance. The results are compared according to sex and semester of birth. Finally, students and families have been informed about the importance of physical activity as a healthy habit to prevent diseases such as obesity. Graduado o Graduada en Maestro en Educación Infantil por la Universidad Pública de Navarra Haur Hezkuntzako Irakasletzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoan

RESUMEN: Desde hace décadas expertos y organizaciones, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), han investigado sobre la alarmante situación respecto a los hábitos y estado de salud de la población general y, en concreto, de la infantil. Al haber un aumento considerable en el porcentaje de población infantil que padecen de sobrepeso y obesidad, cabe analizar todos los posibles factores que provocan esta enfermedad. Por esto, a lo largo de esta revisión de la literatura reciente sobre este tema vigente, se analizará el impacto que tiene el entorno y sus diferentes factores para el desarrollo del sobrepeso y la obesidad en niños. ABSTRACT: For decades, experts and organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) have been investigating the alarming situation regarding the habits and state of health of the general population and particularly, children’s health. Given that there is a significant increase in the percentage of children who are overweight and obese, all the possible factors that cause this disease should be analysed. Therefore, throughout this review of the recent literature on this current topic, the impact of the environment and its different factors for the development of overweight and obesity in children will be analysed. Grado en Magisterio en Educación Primaria

La obesidad se ha convertido en uno de los problemas de salud más graves de la sociedad y se relaciona con multitud de afecciones y complicaciones en la pubertad. Mediante este estudio descriptivo, transversal y poblacional se pretende, en primer lugar, conocer las diferencias entre las variables del estilo de vida y la condición física de cada género y, en segundo lugar, conocer los determinantes relacionados con el estilo de vida y la condición física en una población española de 10 a 12 años de edad con nivel socioeconómico medio. Las variables analizadas fueron el IMC, las variables de condición física (agilidad, flexibilidad y capacidad cardiorrespiratoria) y las variables de los hábitos de salud (calidad y frecuencia alimentaria, práctica de actividad física, sedentarismo y descanso nocturno). Encontramos diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos para las variables de calidad y frecuencia alimentarias, actividad física, sedentarismo, flexibilidad y consumo máximo de oxígeno. En el análisis predictivo, los modelos predijeron significativamente el IMC de la muestra total, del grupo de chicos y del grupo de chicas, siendo las variables explicativas la calidad del desayuno, el sedentarismo de pantalla, el VO2 máx y la agilidad. Obesity has become one of the most serious health problems in our society and is associated with a multitude of conditions and complications at puberty. Through this descriptive, cross-sectional study we intended, first, to know the differences by gender in lifestyle and physical condition variables, and second, to know the determinants related to lifestyle and physical condition for a Spanish population aged 10 to 12 years with a medium socioeconomic status. The variables analyzed were BMI, physical condition variables (agility, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory capacity), and health habit variables (quality and frequency of food, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and sleep duration). We found significant differences between girls and boys in food quality and frequency, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, flexibility, and maximum oxygen consumption variables. In the predictive analysis, the models significantly predicted the BMI for the total sample, the group of boys, and the group of girls. Explanatory variables include quality of breakfast, sedentary lifestyle, VO2 max and agility. Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte

Ante la preocupante prevalencia de la obesidad en España, así como la falta de hábitos saludables, en este Trabajo de fin de Grado se va a realizar una propuesta de intervención en el C.E.I.P. España, Sevilla, que debido a las circunstancias sanitarias acaecidas por el COVID-19 no se ha podido llevar a la práctica, con el objetivo de prevenir la obesidad y mejorar los hábitos saludables. Para ello, se han recogido datos sobre alimentación en los niños y niñas de este colegio, así como de sus padres y madres a través de unos cuestionarios. Una vez analizado los resultados se ha diseñado la propuesta de intervención mencionada basada en el fomento de hábitos saludables y en sentar los conceptos básicos de una alimentación sana y equilibrada Given the worrying prevalence of obesity in Spain, in addition to the lack of healthy habits, this dissertation aims at describing an intervention proposal at the C.E.I.P. España, placed in Seville. This proposal does not only address obesity's prevention but a search of healthier habits. Due to the health emergency situation caused by COVID-19 it has not been put into practice, however thanks to the involvement of parents and children from C.E.I.P. España, we have collected data related to their eating habits by using question forms. The gathered data has been used to fulfill the previously mentioned intervention proposal which tries to encourage healthier habits and lays the foundations for a healthy and balanced diet Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Educación Primaria

Introducción: la prevalencia de diabetes gestacional (DG) en Argentina es de 4,7%, lo que implica mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones tanto maternas como del recién nacido, prevenibles mediante un diagnóstico precoz y un tratamiento oportuno. Objetivos: promover la consulta precoz, el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado mediante un programa de educación estructurado y multidisciplinario a nivel de Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud (CAPs) y maternidades. Materiales y métodos: se reclutaron embarazadas con DG en CAPs y maternidades de Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Chaco y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), con la participación de obstetras, diabetólogos, enfermeras, asistentes sociales, educadores, nutricionistas y médicos comunitarios. Para el diagnóstico de DG se aplicaron los criterios de la Asociación Latinoamérica de Diabetes (ALAD) y se relevaron simultáneamente hábitos nutricionales y parámetros clínicos, metabólicos y terapéuticos. También se desarrollaron cursos de educación y seguimiento durante el embarazo, parto, postparto y lactancia. Resultados: las embarazadas con DG consultaron tardíamente (la mayoría en el tercer trimestre de embarazo) y presentaron factores de riesgo para DG no prevenibles (el más frecuente fue el antecedente familiar de diabetes) y prevenibles (obesidad, hipertrigliceridemia y macrosomía) en embarazos previos. Conclusiones: el EduGest pretende interrumpir el círculo vicioso generado por la DG sobre la futura diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la madre y el niño al promover la adopción de hábitos saludables., Introduction: in Argentina the prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) is 4.7%, accounting for a higher risk of developing complications in both the mother and the baby which could be prevented by early diagnosis and timely treatment. Objectives: to promote early consultation, timely diagnosis and adequate treatment through a structured and multidisciplinary education Program in Primary Healthcare (PHU) and maternity (PMU) units. Materials and methods: pregnant women with DG were recruited in PHU and PMU from Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Chaco and CABA, Argentina. The program included the participation of obstetricians, diabetologists, nurses, social workers, educators, nutritionists and community doctors. The ALAD diagnostic criteria for DG were applied. Simultaneously, nutritional habits, clinical, metabolic and therapeutic parameters were recorded. Education and follow-up courses were developed during pregnancy, delivery, after delivery and breastfeeding. Results: late consultation was frequent in pregnant women with GD (mainly during the third trimester), who presented both non-preventable (the most frequent being family history of diabetes) and preventable (obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and macrosomia) risk factors for GD in previous pregnancies. Conclusions: EduGest is aimed at breaking the vicious circle of DG on the future development of type 2 diabetes in the mother and the baby by promoting the adoption of healthy habits., Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata

En la actualidad, el tema del sobre peso y la obesidad se consolida en un objeto de reflexión permanente desde los estados y la academia, en la medida que se ven afectados principios básicos de la calidad de vida como lo son el físico, el motriz y el afectivo, signando el desempeño de los individuos en los contextos sociales, máxime cuando estos aún se encuentran en un nivel inicial de su desarrollo socio-cultural, como es el caso de los infantes. Currently, the issue of overweight and obesity is consolidated into an object of reflection permanent from the states and the academy, to the extent that basic principles are affected of the quality of life such as the physical, the motor and the emotional, indicating the performance of the individuals in social contexts, especially when they are still at an initial level of their socio-cultural development, as is the case of infants.

High rates of childhood obesity and the impact this has on children's health make it important to establish a healthy lifestyle during the early school years. This pilot study explored the impact of a newly developed healthy habits curriculum. The Sprouts: Growing Healthy Habits curriculum presents topics such as energy balance, healthy sleep habits, and food groups through short activities and interactive book-reading. A nonrandomized controlled experimental study design was used to assess impact. Fifty-seven children between 5 and 6 years of age participated from two elementary schools (36 from the intervention school, 21 from the control school). Knowledge was assessed pre- and post-intervention in five content areas (farm to table, bedtime routines, portion size, energy expenditure, sugar content of beverages) using card sorting, ranking, and sequence activities. Within- and between-school comparisons were conducted using differences between groups and mixed modeling approaches. Within the intervention school, significant increases in knowledge were observed for farm to table, sugar content of beverages, and bedtime routines. For the control school, there was a significant increase in knowledge of portion sizes. Considering between-schools, only change in knowledge of bedtime routines remained significant, with greater increases in the intervention school. Results seem promising given the short dosage of curriculum. Increases in knowledge of healthy habits in early childhood may help in promoting healthy behaviors and combatting the effects of obesity.

Introduction: Sleep restriction is an independent risk factor for weight gain and obesity and is significantly associated with the incidence and prevalence of obesity and various chronic non-communicable diseases. It leads to endocrine changes that might be associated with a higher intake of food and diurnal preference for energy-dense foods, generating a positive energy balance, leading to weight gain and increased risk of long-term obesity. Objective: To analyze whether the decreases in the amount of night time sleep is a risk factor for weight gain and obesity development. Methods: An anthropometric study (height, weight, BMI, waist circumference) was conducted in 549 students between 6 and 17 years. The amount of sleep was assessed by collecting hours of sleep on weekdays, naps and weekends and stating that school children should sleep 10 hours a day. Results: Children who did not meet their recommended hours of sleep did not show statistically significant data in association with overweight or obese. The least amount of sleep was not negatively associated with BMI, or determined an increased risk for obesity. Conclusion: Sleep factor has not been identified as involved in the epidemic of obesity in children and adolescents.

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2017/2018 Molts són els factors que actualment influeixen i s’associen a l’obesitat infantil que pateix Espanya com ara una mala alimentació, estils de vida inadequats, la falta d’exercici, el bullying... Aquest és un motiu molt preocupant tant a nivell institucional com a social, ja que afecten de manera notòria a la nostra salut. Per aquest motiu, dur a terme un estil de vida saludable pot contribuir a que aquest fet redueixca i que els factors anomenats anteriorment desapareixquen. L’objectiu que presente a aquest treball es fonamenta en el disseny i la creació d’un projecte educatiu per a la promoció de l’alimentació saludable i la higiene de les mans en l’alumnat de 4 anys. Per a fer-ho, utilitzaré una metodologia activa i flexible, que es centre en un aprenentatge significatiu de l’alumnat on, per mitjà del seus coneixements previs, puguen obtindre més coneixements per a arribar al màxim de les seus capacitats. Fomentaré també el treball en equip, la cooperació i la participació de l’alumnat i de la seua família i de totes les persones no docents que puguen formar part del projecte educatiu. Els alumnes hauran de ser en tot moment els protagonistes fet que farà que la seua autoestima augmente i que, mitjançant les activitats, siguen capaços de actuar de forma autònoma. Adquirir aquest hàbits ajudarà tant a l’alumnat com a les famílies per a que puguen ser capaços de controlar problemes d’obesitat i d’higiene de les mans i puguen tindre una vida mes saludable. There are many factors that influence and currently are associated with childhood obesity afflicting Spain such as a poor diet, inadequate life styles, lack of exercise, bullying, etc. This is a very worrying both in the institutional sphere as a social, as they affect so notorious in our health. For this reason, to carry out a healthy way of life will be able to contribute to that the obesity diminishes and to that the factors to previously renowned will disappear. The objective of this present work is based on the design and the creation of an educational project for the promotion of healthy eating and hygiene of the hands on the students in 4 years. To do this, use an active an flexible methodology which focuses on a meaningful learning of students where them through their prior knowledge they can obtain more knowledge to get the most of their captabilities. I’ll have in mind also the teamwork, cooperation and participation of the students and his family and of all the nonteachers who can become part of the educational project. Students must be at all times the fact that will make his self-esteem augment and that, through the activities, are able to act autonomously. To acquire these habits will help both students and families to be able to control the problems of obesity and of hygiene.

Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic: 2017/2018 La obesidad se ha asociado con diversos factores como una mala alimentación, la falta de ejercicio físico, bajo rendimiento académico e incluso con bullying. Es decir, con consecuencias desfavorables para la salud de los niños y niñas, y adolescentes, con posibles consecuencias que se pueden extender hasta la etapa adulta. Llevar unos patrones de alimentación saludable puede reducir el riesgo de contraer diversas enfermedades como el sobrepeso u obesidad, además de erradicar el bullying y aumentar el rendimiento académico de los niños y niñas, entre otros beneficios. El objetivo del proyecto educativo que aquí se presenta es promover los hábitos saludables, centrados en la alimentación y la higiene bucodental, desde edades tempranas centradas, principalmente, en niños y niñas del 2º curso del Segundo Ciclo de Educación Infantil. Para ello, se emplea una metodología basada en el aprendizaje significativo, que permita reestructurar los conocimientos previos del alumnado al que va dirigido este proyecto, así como también los nuevos conocimientos y actitudes adquiridas gracias a esta propuesta. De este modo, fomentaremos a su vez la cooperación y el trabajo en equipo, junto a la participación tanto del alumnado como de las familias, así como de personas relacionadas con el ámbito de los hábitos saludables mediante actividades y recursos didácticos variados. Todo ello, dándole al alumnado el protagonismo en este proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Adquirir unos hábitos de vida saludables es esencial para lograr que este grupo de alumnos y alumnas puedan prevenir la obesidad y/o el sobrepeso, así como las enfermedades o problemas relacionados con la higiene bucodental, en favor de una vida más sana y adecuada. Obesity has always been related with several factors such as bad feeding habits, lack of exercise, low academic success or even bullying, that is, unfavourable consequences for children’s and teenager’s health that may even occur once they become adults. Acquire some patterns for a proper, healthy feeding may reduce the risk of eradicate several diseases such as overweight and obesity, besides eradicating bullying and promoting the academic performance of these children, among many other benefits. The main aim of this project is to promote these healthy habits, focused on feeding and oral hygiene beginning at an early age, mainly in those children with ages comprised between 3 and 5 years. For these reason, we are going to use a methodology based on a meaningful learning that allow us to redesign the student’s previous knowledge, as well as the knowledge and the new skills acquired due to this proposal. In this way, we foster cooperation and work team, besides the participation of both, parents and students as well as those persons related with the health habits field through activities and teaching resources. The student will always play the leading role in this teaching – learning process. Acquire proper healthy habits is essential to help these kids to prevent obesity and / or overweight, as well as the diseases related with oral hygiene, in favor or a healthier and more adequate lifestyle.

Durante la etapa de educación primaria se produce un gran desarrollo de la personalidad de los niños, siendo un momento idóneo para que adquieran y forjen hábitos de vida saludables que perduren en su vida de adulto. Se propone así una investigación con el objetivo de analizar los estilos de vida de los escolares en las variables de ejercicio físico y alimentación saludable, realizando propuestas para combatir uno de los grandes problemas de la población infantil del siglo XXI: la obesidad. Participan en el estudio un total de 310 alumnos (174 niños y 136 niñas), con edades comprendidas entre los 9 y los 12 años (5º y 6º curso) de 6 centros de educación infantil y primaria de la ciudad de Santiago de Compostela. Se emplea como instrumento de recogida de datos un cuestionario Ad Hoc de 19 ítems para medir la dimensión de alimentación saludable (9 ítems) y de actividad física (10 ítems). Los resultados muestran una tendencia de los estudiantes a consumir alimentos hipercalóricos en el recreo, una escasa práctica de actividad física semanal y el uso intensivo de las nuevas tecnologías, tendiendo de esta forma al sedentarismo y, consecuentemente, al aumento de la obesidad infantil. El fomento y adquisición de hábitos de vida saludables debe constituir una prioridad de las administraciones públicas, de las familias y de los propios docentes, haciendo un frente común para frenar los altos índices de obesidad infantil e invertir esta tendencia. During the stage of primary education, there is a great development of the personality of children, being a perfect moment for them to acquire and forge healthy lifestyle habits that endure in their adult life. The intention of this study is to analyze the lifestyles of students in the variables of physical exercise and healthy eating, making proposals to combat one of the major problems of children in the 21st century: the obesity. There take part in the study a total of 310 students (174 boys and 136 girls), with aged between 9 and 12 years old (5th and 6th course) of 6 centers of early childhood education and primary of the city of Santiago de Compostela. It was used an Ad Hoc questionnaire of 19 items for data collection to measure the healthy eating dimension (9 items) and physical activity (10 items). The results show a tendency of students to eat hypercaloric food in the playtime, a scarce practice of weekly physical activity and the intensive use of new technologies, tending then to sedentarism and, consequently, to the increase in childhood obesity. The development and acquisition of healthy lifestyle habits must be a priority of the public administrations, families and teachers, making a common front to stop the high rates of childhood obesity and reverse this trend. SI

Trabajo fin de máster. Defendido en 2017. En las últimas décadas, se ha mostrado de forma notable un incremento en malos hábitos alimentarios y sedentarismo por parte de los jóvenes. Las cifras empiezan a ser alarmantes, dado que reflejan un importante aumento del sobrepeso y obesidad, junto a otras enfermedades asociadas a estos trastornos. Llegando a considerarse uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública a nivel mundial, representando uno de los retos más importantes de la sanidad. Por tanto, se trata de conseguir una dieta equilibrada y variada, desde edades tempranas, en especial durante la adolescencia, periodo vital en el desarrollo de hábitos saludables y práctica de ejercicio diario. El presente Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo elaborar una propuesta didáctica para centros educativos en el nivel de 4º de ESO, con el fin de aportar conocimientos a alumnos que les sean útiles para fomentar la actividad fisica y alimentación saludable previniendo así, la obesidad y sobrepeso. Abstract: In recent decades, there has been a marked increase in bad eating habits and a lack of physical activity on the part of young people. The numbers begin to be alarming, since they show a significant increase of the overweight and obesity, together with other diseases associated with these disorders. Coming to be considered one of the biggest public health problems worldwide, representing one of the most important challenges. Therefore, it is a question of achieving a balanced and varied diet, from early ages, especially during adolescence, vital period in the development of healthy habits and practice of daily exercise. The sooner you begin to become aware of the importance this entails. In the present work End of Master has as objective to elaborate a didactic proposal for educational centers in the level of 4º ESO with the purpose of contributing knowledge students that are useful to them to foment the physical activity and healthy food, thus preventing, obesity and overweight. Ordenador con navegador de Internet ; Adobe Acrobat Reader 61 p.(Según el contador de la aplicación)

Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν η διερεύνηση των διατροφικών συνηθειών των παιδιών της προσχολικής ηλικίας του νομού Ιωαννίνων και ο εντοπισμός πιθανών σημείων παρέμβασης που θα μπορούσαν να προάγουν τη διατροφή τους. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε κατά το σχ. έτ. 2004‐05. Ο νομός Ιωαννίνων χωρίστηκε σε τέσσερις περιοχές: αστική, λεκανοπέδιο, ημιαστική και αγροτική περιοχή. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν οι γονείς των νηπίων. Τα μέσα συλλογής του ερευνητικού υλικού ήταν ένα ερωτηματολόγιο συχνότητας κατανάλωσης τροφίμων των παιδιών για τους γονείς και ένα έντυπο με τις σωματομετρικές μετρήσεις των νηπίων. Μετρήθηκε το βάρος και το ύψος των νηπίων και των γονέων με σκοπό τον υπολογισμό του ΔΜΣ τους. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 1093ερωτηματολόγια. Ο δείκτης αξιοπιστίας του ερωτηματολογίου των γονέων Cronbach`s alphaβρέθηκε 0,839. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι ο ΔΜΣ των παιδιών είχε θετική συσχέτιση με το ΔΜΣ των γονέων τους, την κατανάλωση σάλτσας και τυριού, το χρόνο που αφιερώνουν στην τηλεόραση σε συνδυασμό με το συχνό τσιμπολόγημα τροφών, τον αριθμό των αδερφιών (παιδιών) στην οικογένεια και την ηλικία των παιδιών. Ο ΔΜΣ είχε αρνητική συσχέτιση με την κατανάλωση μακαρονιών και τον πληθυσμό της περιοχής, αφού τα παιδιά από τις ημιαστικές και τις αγροτικές περιοχές του νομού είχαν πιο αυξημένο ΔΜΣ σε σχέση με τα παιδιά τα οποία ζούσαν στην αστική περιοχή και στο λεκανοπέδιο., The aim of the research was to investigate the dietary habits of pre‐school children in the prefecture of Ioannina and the possibility of intervention that could enhance their nutrition. The research was carried out during the school year 2004‐05. The prefecture of Ioannina was divided into 4 areas: urban, basin, semi‐urban and rural area. The participants in this research were preschoolers’ parents. The means of collecting research material were one questionnaire about the frequency of food consumption on the part of children for parents and a form with the measurements of children`s height and weight. These two were measured in order to calculate their BMI (Body Mass Index). 1093 parents filled in the questionnaires about their children`s dietary habits. The index of the credibility of the questionnaire completed by parents Cronbach`s alpha was 0,839. The results of the research showed that children`s BMI had a positive correlation with their parents` BMI, the consumption of sauce and cheese, the amount of time they spend watching television in combination with nibbling, the number of siblings (children) in the family and the children`s age. Their BMI had a negative correlation with the consumption of spaghetti and the population of the area since children from the semi‐urban and rural areas of the prefecture had a higher BMI in comparison with children who lived in the urban area and the basin.

Treball final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs acadèmic 2014-2015 En aquest treball analitzem la gran importància d’intervenir des de l’etapa infantil, per a que els nens i nenes adquirisquen i consoliden hàbits saludables, i tinguen una millor qualitat de vida en un futur. A més, proposarem una intervenció que hem realitzat en una aula d’Infantil mitjançant un taller de suc de taronja, que fomenten l’alimentació saludable en la vida dels infants. Des de la investigació en educació per a la salut evidencien que actualment, al nostre país, hi ha molts problemes rellevants de salut a causa de estils de vida inadequats, com els mals hàbits alimentaris i la falta d’exercici físic. Cada vegada són més les malalties cardiovasculars, per obesitat o diabetis. Aquesta situació ja afecta notablement a la població infantil i adolescent, sent un greu problema social (Riba, M., 2010). Per tant, l’objectiu és fomentar hàbits saludables a l’etapa infantil, com l’alimentació saludable i la pràctica d’exercici habitual. Aquesta investigació ens ha servit per a reflexionar i plantejar una activitat enriquidora per als alumnes, que potencie els bons hàbits alimentaris en el seu dia a dia. La experiència ha sigut molt gratificant, ja que la motivació i la participació ha estat present durant tota l’activitat. Són molts els programes i les estratègies que emmarquen la importància de promoure hàbits de vida saludable, prevenir l’obesitat i realitzar exercici físic en el dia a dia, com és l’Estratègia NAOS (Nutrició, activitat física i prevenció de la obesitat) o el Programa PERSEO (Programa pilot escolar de referència per a la salut i l’exercici contra l’obesitat). In this paper we analyse the importance of intervening from the infant stage, so that children acquire and consolidate healthy habits and have a better quality of life in the future. Further, we propose an intervention conducted in a classroom Children through orange juice workshops and orchard that promote healthy eating in children's lives . From research to health education show that today in our country there are many notable health problems due to inappropriate lifestyle, such as poor eating habits and lack of physical exercise. Increasingly cardiovascular disease, obesity and diabetes. This situation affects as much in children and adolescents, being a serious social problema (Riba, M., 2010). Therefore, the aim is to encourage healthy habits in infant stage as healthy eating and regular exercise. This research has helped us to reflect and consider a rewarding activity for students that empower good eating habits in their daily lives. The experience has been very rewarding, because the motivation and participation has been present throughout the activity. Many programs and strategies that frame the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles , prevent obesity and physical exercise on a daily basis, as the Strategy NAOS ( Nutrition , physical activity and prevention of obesity) or PERSEO program ( pilot program educational reference for health and exercise for obesity ) .

[Background] Some health behaviours are liable to affect the incidence of allergies and/or common infections in young people; however, the extent and ways in which these might occur are mostly unknown. This study examines the association of health behaviours related to physical activity, sedentariness, diet and sleep with allergy and infection symptoms in adolescents, and also with biological markers that might mediate disease incidence., [Methods] The study comprised a total of 2054 adolescents (50.7% girls) from the Madrid region of Spain. The incidence of infection and allergy symptoms three months prior to the study was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Physical and sedentary activities, height and weight, food habits and sleep duration were also self-reported and their influence on infection and allergy incidence was assessed by logistic regression analysis. Blood biomarkers (IgE, eosinophil percentage, leptin, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were evaluated in a subsample of 198 subjects., [Results] Adequate sleep duration (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.64 to 0.97) and unhealthy weight status (overweight/obesity) (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.04-1.74) were independently associated with decreased and increased allergy incidence, respectively. No significant association was observed with infection incidence. IgE and leptin differed between adolescents with and without allergy symptoms. In regression models IgE was significantly associated with inadequate sleep duration and leptin with weight status., [Conclusion] Excess weight and inadequate sleep duration are independently associated with the incidence of allergy symptoms in adolescents. Adequate sleep duration and weight during adolescence might be relevant for a decreased risk of suffering allergy symptoms., The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (DEP2006-56184-C03-02/PREV) and EU funding (FEDER). DM-G received a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (AP2006-02464). The Unit of Information Resources for Research’s Library (CSIC) provided financial support for the editorial charges of this article.