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Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo (FR) para diabetes mellitus gestacional en una población obstétrica en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo. Población de mujeres gestantes atendidas en tres clínicas privadas de alta complejidad que atienden población del régimen contributivo de la ciudad de Medellín, en el periodo de junio de 2005 a mayo de 2007. Se excluyeron pacientes con diabetes pregestacional. Se definió como caso: pacientes gestantes o en posparto inmediato con diagnóstico de DMG. Los controles: pacientes en posparto sin DMG. Tamaño muestral: 215 casos y 430 controles. Con base en un OR estimado de 2,3. Relación 2 controles:1 caso, con proporción de exposición entre los controles de 7%, confianza de 95%, poder 80%. Resultados: se incluyeron 244 casos (36,6%) y 423 controles (63,4%). Se encontró asociación estadística con el antecedente personal de DMG (OR = 16,6; IC 95%: 4,9-55,7), el antecedente de macrosomía (OR = 7,3; IC 95%: 3,6-15,1), la edad ≥ 25 años (OR = 5,5; IC 95%: 3,6-8,5), multiparidad (OR = 2,6; IC 95%: 1,8-3,8), el IMC previo a la gestación ≥ 25 kg/m² (OR = 3,1; IC 95%: 2,2-4,4) e IMC al inicio del segundo trimestre ≥ 25 kg/m² (OR = 3,5; IC 95%: 2,1-5,7). Conclusión: además de los factores de riesgo re portados en la literatura, se encontró la macrosomía, la multiparidad, y la obesidad pregestacional y ges tacional como factores independientes para DMG.Objective: Evaluating risk factors (FR) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in an obstetric population in Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. The population consisted of pregnant females being seen at three private high-complexity clinics, attending the contributory regimen population in the city of Medellín from June 2005 to May 2007. Patients suffering pregestational diabetes were excluded. A case was defined as being a pregnant patient or female in the immediate postpartum period diagnosed with GDM. Controls consisted of patients in the postpartum with no GDM. Results: Data regarding 244 cases (36.6%) and 423 controls (63.4%) were included. Statistical association was found with personal background of GDM (OR = 16.6; 4.9-55.7 95% CI), a background of macrosomy (OR = 7.3; 3.6-15.1 95% CI), being aged ≥ 25 years (OR = 5.5: 3.61-8.5 95% CI), multiparity (OR = 2.6; 1.8-3.8 95% CI), ≥ 25 kg/m² BMI prior to gestation (OR = 3.1; 2.2-4.4 95% CI) ≥ 25 kg/m² BMI at the start of the second trimester (OR 3.5; 2.1-5.7 95% CI). Conclusion: As well as the risk factors reported in the literature, macrosomy, multiparity, pregestational and gestational obesity were also found to be independent factors for GDM.

Objective: Evaluating risk factors (FR) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in an obstetric population in Colombia. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. The population consisted of pregnant females being seen at three private high-complexity clinics, attending the contributory regimen population in the city of Medellín from June 2005 to May 2007. Patients suffering pregestational diabetes were excluded. A case was defined as being a pregnant patient or female in the immediate postpartum period diagnosed with GDM. Controls consisted of patients in the postpartum with no GDM. Results: Data regarding 244 cases (36.6%) and 423 controls (63.4%) were included. Statistical association was found with personal background of GDM (OR = 16.6; 4.9-55.7 95% CI), a background of macrosomy (OR = 7.3; 3.6-15.1 95% CI), being aged ≥ 25 years (OR = 5.5: 3.61-8.5 95% CI), multiparity (OR = 2.6; 1.8-3.8 95% CI), ≥ 25 kg/m2 BMI prior to gestation (OR = 3.1; 2.2-4.4 95% CI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 BMI at the start of the second trimester (OR 3.5; 2.1-5.7 95% CI). Conclusion: A s well as t he risk factors reported in the literature, macrosomy, multiparity, pregestational and gestational obesity were also found to be independent factors for GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica, multifactorial y compleja que se desarrolla por la interacción del genotipo y el medio ambiente, que tiene su raíz en factores sociales, culturales, de comportamiento, fisiológicos, metabólicos y genéticos. Con el fin de identificar la obesidad entre los factores de riesgo ateroscleróticos que pueden observarse desde la infancia, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con un diseño de tipo caso-control en niños nacidos entre enero de 1992 y diciembre de 1995 en la maternidad "Ramón González Coro". Se conformaron dos grupos, uno al que se le denominó "grupo macrosómico" integrado por 140 niños con alto peso al nacer (de 4 000 g o más) y otro llamado "grupo control" conformado por 100 niños con peso normal al nacer. Se caracterizó la muestra según sexo, edad. Se evaluó el estado nutricional actual del niño o niña por medio de la relación peso (en kgs)/talla (en cms). Se encontró que no existen diferencias significativas entre el índice de masa corporal en ambos grupos, sin embargo, el número de escolares mal nutridos por exceso (sobrepeso y obesidad) fue elevado en los dos grupos aunque no predominó. Puede concluirse que el alto peso al nacer no es un factor predictor para la obesidad.Obesity is a chronic, multifactoral and complex disease that develops from the interaction of the genotype and the environment, and is rooted in social, cultural, behavioral, physiological, histobiological and genetic factors. With the purpose of identifying obesity as one of the atherosclerotic risk factors that may be observed from the very childhood, a case-control descriptive study was carried out in children who were born from January 1992 to December 1995 in "Ramón Gonzales Coro" hospital. This research work was conducted in two groups, one called "the macrosomic group" composed of 140 children with high birth weight (4 000 grams or over) and the other called "the control group" made up of 100 normoweighted children at birth. The sample was characterized by sex and age. The current nutritional status of either a boy or a girl was evaluated based on weight-size ratio. It was found that highly significant differences between average weights of the study group and the control group at birth existed, but the same was not valid for the body mass indexes of both groups, according to the statistical data. However, in this study, the number of malnourished school children due to overfeeding was high in both groups, but not predominant. It may be concluded that high birthweight is not a predictive factor for obesity.