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Recent empirical contributions emphasize the importance of (potential) market size for the development of new pharmaceuticals. At the same time many scholars point out the importance of of scientific advances for the industry's R&D activities. Against this background I analyze the relationship between (potential) market size, technological opportunities, and the number of new pharmaceuticals in the United States. Technological opportunities are operationalized as growth rates of the relevant knowledge stock as proposed by Andersen (1999, 1998). I analyze a unique dataset by using an entry stock Poisson quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. The results reveal a rather robust and significantly positive response of the number of new pharmaceuticals, i.e., new molecular entities or new drug approvals, to market size and technological opportunities.

The study of innovation and technological change is an increasing field of economic enquire because innovation can be considered a major engine of growth. This paper is concerned with the determinants of innovation and technological change. Different theoretical approaches present in the literature are systematically considered. The aim of this work is to offer an overview of contributions emerging from different perspectives trying to place them in their proper theoretical framework. The paper will be divided in different subsections in which each determinant is individually treated through the presentation of the most relevant results achieved by the literature on the specific issue. Policy considerations and hints for further research are also provided.

The paper examines the determinants that influence the environmental innovation behaviour of companies in Germany in a multivariate context by using data from the Mannheimer Innovations Panel 1993, which was part of the Community Innovation Survey. The objective is to analyse the general structures of the determinants of environmental innovation, as well as the specific impact of environmental policy instruments as an integral part of this framework. The pressure of environmental policy instruments on the innovation behaviour of companies is reproduced by indicators, which are investigated in a written survey at the level of the German Chambers of Commerce.

Im Beitrag werden, basierend auf den Daten des Mannheimer Innovationspanels 1993, die Einflußfaktoren umweltorientierter Innovationen in Deutschland in einem multivariaten Kontext ökonometrisch untersucht. Ziel ist es, sowohl allgemeine Strukturen der Einflußfaktoren von Umweltinnovationen zu analysieren, als auch den spezifischen Einfluß umweltpolitischer Instrumente innerhalb dieses Faktorensystems abzuschätzen. Der Handlungsdruck umweltpolitischer Instrumente auf das Innovationsverhalten von Unternehmen wird durch Regulierungsindikatoren abgebildet, die in einer schriftlichen Erhebung bei den deutschen Industrie und Handelskammern ermittelt wurden. Aufgrund der Komplexität der Einflußfaktoren und der Schwierigkeiten, die Wirkung umweltpolitischer Instrumente zu isolieren, ist die vorliegende Untersuchung in methodischer und empirischer Hinsicht eine explorative Arbeit. ; This paper examines the determinants, that influence the environmental innovation behaviour of companies in Germany in a multivariate context, by using data from the Mannheimer Innovationspanel 1993. The objective is to analyse the general structures of the determinants of environmental innovation, as well as the specific impact of environmental policy instruments as an integral part of this framework. The pressure of environmental policy instruments on the innovation behaviour of companies is reproduced by indicators, which are investigated in a written survey at the level of the German Chambers of Commerce. Because of the complexity of the system of determinants and the difficulties in isolating the effects of environmental policy instruments, the study in hand is an explorative work in a methodological and empirical matter.