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Introduction: Adequate nutrition in children from youngest age will result in a proper physical and psychological growth. Unregular meals can cause many metabolic diseases. The important role in planning a menu plays frequency of the meals, their regularity and intervals between them. Aim: Evaluation of meal frequency among children aged 6-9 from primary schools in Włocławek. Materials and methods: The study group includes 314 children aged 6-9 randomly selected primary schools in Włocławek. The analysis was a part of a huge regional program of prevention of malnutrition, overweight and obesity by improving nutrition among children aged 6-9. The nutrition questionnaire was fullfiled by parents. The results were analyzed with computer program named Statistica 10. Results: The study showed that children from the study group made nutrition mistakes, such as insufficient numbers of meals during the day (3-4) only 70% of participants had its first meal before the school, not many more took second breakfast to the school and 25% ate junk food between meals. Ninety percent of the children had dinner and super on the regular basis. Conclusions: There is the need to change nutritional habits and make meals more regular, healthy, nutritious and diversified.

Introduction. Colonoscopy screening for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), despite many limitations, is widely used in the prevention of this most common digestive tract malignancy due to some important advantages. CRC is a nutrition-dependent disease. It is estimated that implementing rational nutrition as part of health promotion activities during childhood and continuing it in the adult life could reduce the morbidity and mortality of colon and rectal cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of dietary habits on the incidence of colorectal adenomas and cancers in the population aged 65+ subjected to colonoscopy screening. Methods. The study method was standard colonoscopy screening conducted in subjects aged 65+ in whom no clinical signs of CRC were observed. The subjects were also assessed for their nutrition and the frequency of consumption of selected products, including red meat, vegetables, fruit and fried foods, using a standardized questionnaire prepared in cooperation with the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Results. Most CRC detections and the greatest number of excised adenomas were reported in subjects consuming vegetables as rarely as several times per year. Conclusions. Consumption of vegetables, among other foods, as part of rational nutrition from childhood through adult life may reduce the morbidity and mortality due to CRC.

Nutrition habits of children should be adapted to their physiological needs, reflecting their demand for the appropriate nutrients. Nutrition of children and adolescents practicing sports is a particular challenge, much more complex than in their peers and adults. This is related not only with their intensive growth and development and different metabolism, but also with increased physical activity. A correlation between socioeconomic factors in families (parents’ poor education, unemployment and low income) and a poor health status with increased incidence of chronic psychosomatic and organic diseases has been reported. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on selected aspects of nutritional behavior. The investigated group consisted of 100 boys aged 10–16 years, practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland, whose parents answered questions from the KomPAN questionnaire adopted to the Polish conditions. The obtained results were developed statistically using the Statistica 12.5 software, with Chi-squared test and the statistical significance level at p

Ameryk Monika, Świątkowski Maciej, Sikorski Piotr, Augustyniak Agnieszka, Szamocka Małgorzata. Impact of parents’ nutritional knowledge on the nutrition and frequency of consumption of selected products in children and adolescents practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):456-472. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.179146 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4020 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 28.11.2016. Impact of parents’ nutritional knowledge on the nutrition and frequency of consumption of selected products in children and adolescents practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland Monika Ameryk, Maciej Świątkowski, Piotr Sikorski, Agnieszka Augustyniak, Małgorzata Szamocka Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Correspondence: Monika Ameryk, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Tel: +48 692 222 855. E-mail: monika.ameryk@gmail.com Abstract Rational diet improves the ability for intensive effort and training. Nutrition in children and adolescents depends on the nutritional knowledge of their parents. The aim of the study was to assess the parents’ nutritional knowledge and its impact on the nutrition of their children practicing football. Study group consisted of 100 football players aged 11–16. The parents’ nutritional knowledge and the nutrition of the athletes were assessed using the modified KomPAN questionnaire. The correlation between the parents’ knowledge and the frequency of consumption of selected products was determined using a χ2 test in the Statistica 12.5 software. A correlation between the parents’ nutritional knowledge and the frequency of consumption of selected products by their children was observed. Parents with insufficient knowledge less frequently served dark bread and thick groats than those with good and sufficient knowledge. Parents with good and sufficient knowledge less frequently served instant soups, canned meat, energy and isotonic drinks. No impact of the parents’ knowledge was observed with reference to white cheese, vegetable oils and sweets. Nutritional education of the parents of young athletes is necessary regardless of their nutritional knowledge. Improving eating habits can positively affect children’s development and achievements in sports. Keywords: Nutrition; Knowledge; Sport; Young Athletes; Eating habits.

Introduction: Adequate nutrition in children from youngest age will result in a proper physical and psychological growth. Unregular meals can cause many metabolic diseases. The important role in planning a menu plays frequency of the meals, their regularity and intervals between them. Aim: Evaluation of meal frequency among children aged 6-9 from primary schools in Włocławek. Materials and methods: The study group includes 314 children aged 6-9 randomly selected primary schools in Włocławek. The analysis was a part of a huge regional program of prevention of malnutrition, overweight and obesity by improving nutrition among children aged 6-9. The nutrition questionnaire was fullfiled by parents. The results were analyzed with computer program named Statistica 10. Results: The study showed that children from the study group made nutrition mistakes, such as insufficient numbers of meals during the day (3-4) only 70% of participants had its first meal before the school, not many more took second breakfast to the school and 25% ate junk food between meals. Ninety percent of the children had dinner and super on the regular basis. Conclusions: There is the need to change nutritional habits and make meals more regular, healthy, nutritious and diversified.

Introduction. Colonoscopy screening for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), despite many limitations, is widely used in the prevention of this most common digestive tract malignancy due to some important advantages. CRC is a nutrition-dependent disease. It is estimated that implementing rational nutrition as part of health promotion activities during childhood and continuing it in the adult life could reduce the morbidity and mortality of colon and rectal cancer. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of dietary habits on the incidence of colorectal adenomas and cancers in the population aged 65+ subjected to colonoscopy screening. Methods. The study method was standard colonoscopy screening conducted in subjects aged 65+ in whom no clinical signs of CRC were observed. The subjects were also assessed for their nutrition and the frequency of consumption of selected products, including red meat, vegetables, fruit and fried foods, using a standardized questionnaire prepared in cooperation with the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Results. Most CRC detections and the greatest number of excised adenomas were reported in subjects consuming vegetables as rarely as several times per year. Conclusions. Consumption of vegetables, among other foods, as part of rational nutrition from childhood through adult life may reduce the morbidity and mortality due to CRC.

Ameryk Monika, Świątkowski Maciej, Sikorski Piotr, Augustyniak Agnieszka, Szamocka Małgorzata. Impact of parents’ nutritional knowledge on the nutrition and frequency of consumption of selected products in children and adolescents practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(11):456-472. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.179146 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4020 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.11.2016. Revised 22.11.2016. Accepted: 28.11.2016. Impact of parents’ nutritional knowledge on the nutrition and frequency of consumption of selected products in children and adolescents practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland Monika Ameryk, Maciej Świątkowski, Piotr Sikorski, Agnieszka Augustyniak, Małgorzata Szamocka Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Correspondence: Monika Ameryk, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland, Tel: +48 692 222 855. E-mail: monika.ameryk@gmail.com Abstract Rational diet improves the ability for intensive effort and training. Nutrition in children and adolescents depends on the nutritional knowledge of their parents. The aim of the study was to assess the parents’ nutritional knowledge and its impact on the nutrition of their children practicing football. Study group consisted of 100 football players aged 11–16. The parents’ nutritional knowledge and the nutrition of the athletes were assessed using the modified KomPAN questionnaire. The correlation between the parents’ knowledge and the frequency of consumption of selected products was determined using a χ2 test in the Statistica 12.5 software. A correlation between the parents’ nutritional knowledge and the frequency of consumption of selected products by their children was observed. Parents with insufficient knowledge less frequently served dark bread and thick groats than those with good and sufficient knowledge. Parents with good and sufficient knowledge less frequently served instant soups, canned meat, energy and isotonic drinks. No impact of the parents’ knowledge was observed with reference to white cheese, vegetable oils and sweets. Nutritional education of the parents of young athletes is necessary regardless of their nutritional knowledge. Improving eating habits can positively affect children’s development and achievements in sports. Keywords: Nutrition; Knowledge; Sport; Young Athletes; Eating habits.

Nutrition habits of children should be adapted to their physiological needs, reflecting their demand for the appropriate nutrients. Nutrition of children and adolescents practicing sports is a particular challenge, much more complex than in their peers and adults. This is related not only with their intensive growth and development and different metabolism, but also with increased physical activity. A correlation between socioeconomic factors in families (parents’ poor education, unemployment and low income) and a poor health status with increased incidence of chronic psychosomatic and organic diseases has been reported. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of socioeconomic factors on selected aspects of nutritional behavior. The investigated group consisted of 100 boys aged 10–16 years, practicing football in a football club in Bydgoszcz, Poland, whose parents answered questions from the KomPAN questionnaire adopted to the Polish conditions. The obtained results were developed statistically using the Statistica 12.5 software, with Chi-squared test and the statistical significance level at p

Abstract Proper diet is important for children and adolescents practicing sports, providing nutrients for the correct growth, optimal performance and recovery. Purpose: The study evaluated the diet and eating habits of children and adolescents practicing football. Methods: The study involved 100 boys (aged 11–16). Eating habits and consumption of 33 products were assessed using a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Subsequently, indices of healthy and unhealthy diet were determined. Results: Only 30% respondents ate five meals per day and 16% kept fixed meal times. Almost 30% had a snack once daily, 90% ate fast food once a week, and 88% added sugar to beverages. One in ten ate sweets several times per week, while 20%—once daily. 86% ate fish once a week. 52% and 4% ate white and dark bread several times per day. Only 20% had buckwheat several times per week. White and red meat was eaten several times per week by 66.3% and 35.6%, while fish by only 5.7%. Only 20% had a moderate index of healthy diet and 90% had a low index of unhealthy diet. Conclusions: Education of young footballers in nutrition is necessary to correct their eating habits and improve physical performance.